农产品进出口、人民币实际汇率与农业经济增长关系的经验分析

利用VAR模型和IRF检验对我国1980-2005年期间农产品进口和出口、人民币实际汇率与农业经济增长的关系进行了检验,证实了农产品的进口和出口对农业经济增长具有较强的促进作用,人民币实际汇率一定程度的升值不会影响我国农业经济增长。同时,农业经济增长对农产品进口和出口具有促进作用。     

人民币汇率变动对黑龙江省对外贸易影响研究

在人民币升值的背景下,黑龙江省贸易表现出与传统贸易理论不完全相符的发展状况,其表现是:人民币升值对黑龙江省出口贸易产生了明显的抑制作用,而进口贸易确实实现了高速增长。目前,黑龙江省对外贸易发展却面临着国际贸易保护主义抬头、企业经营压力增加、利用外资质量有待提高等外部经济环境带来的巨大挑战。黑龙江省应通过强调进出口并重、优化进出口商品结构、提升吸引外资的竞争力、创新利用外资方式等措施,促进黑龙江省对外贸易持续健康发展。     

FDI对我国价格贸易条件影响的实证分析

本文利用1985～2006年的统计数据,建立了包含价格贸易条件、初级产品进口额、工业制成品出口额、贸易顺差和外资企业出口占我国出口总额的比重这5个变量的协整模型和误差修正模型,对外商直接投资对我国价格贸易条件的影响进行了实证分析,实证结果表明工业制成品出口是导致价格贸易条件恶化的重要原因,而初级产品进口对改善价格贸易条件有正效应,但正效应目前还不显著,FDI对改善我国的价格贸易条件有显著的正效应。在此基础上,本文提出了改善我国价格贸易条件的政策建议。     

中印贸易合作的潜力及实现路径研究——基于随机前沿引力模型

在分析中印双边贸易结合度、相似度、互补性的基础上,利用随机前沿引力模型测算中国对印度的进口和出口效率,以及中印双边的贸易潜力,提出了中印贸易合作的实现路径。研究发现:中印双边贸易额稳步增加,但印度对华出口增长乏力,中方贸易顺差逐年扩大;中印两国贸易关系紧密,贸易产品互补性较强,且在两国主要出口市场的竞争性较弱;中国对印度的出口效率小于进口效率,出口和进口贸易潜力最大值分别为794亿美元、177亿美元;互相削减关税增加了两国的总经济效应,且印度的收益大于中国;印度加入上合组织促进了其与中国的贸易增长。建议中国扩大对印度的投资,增加从印度进口,积极推动RCEP尽快达成协议。     

Im & Ex of China's Farm Products in 2010 H1

From January to June,the total imports and exports of China's agricultural products were US(S)55.2 billion,up by 31.6%year-on-year.Among them,the exports accounted for US(S)21.94 billion,up by21.9% year-on-year; the imports accounted for US(S)33.26 billions,up by38.9% year-on-year.The trade deficit was US(S)11.31 billion,expanding 90.5%year-on-year.     

基于污染的中美贸易实证研究

从污染排放视角考察了2004年中美26个工业产业的进出口贸易,结果显示,尽管中国出口美国单位产值的污染强度低于进口单位产值的污染强度,但由于中美贸易的不平衡,中国向美国出口产品的污染物排放总量远超出了进口产品的污染物排放量,表明中美贸易不平衡恶化了中国环境,需要从贸易产生的环境利益角度综合评价贸易顺差。     

市场准出与多边货物贸易体制关系研究——兼评“限制出口案”的抗辩思路

长期以来,人们对于多边货物贸易体制的理解往往停留在市场准入这一层面,即降低进口产品关税、向进口产品开放市场。形成这种片面理解的原因固然是多方面的,其中最主要的还是与世贸组织的前身——关贸总协定创设期间的国际贸易环境有关。经过第二次世界大战的浩劫,各国政府都面临外汇短缺,都想通过扩大出口以增加财政收入。因此,人们习惯把关注的目光聚焦在关贸总协定各缔约方是否有效消除针对进口的关税壁垒和非关税壁垒。事实上,多边货物贸易体制规制的对象是双重的,即在要求世贸组织成员对其它成员开放本国(地区)市场的同时,也要求其降低本国(地区)产品出口的门槛。最近发生在中国与其它世贸组织成员之间有关中国限制部分产品出口的贸易纠纷使人们对于市场准出与多边贸易体制之间的关系有了新的认识。     

石化通用机械进出口及其相关政策走向

石化通用机械行业2003年-2006年进出口连年增长.2007年出口继续快速增长,各主要产品进口有增有减.政策调整将对石化通用机械进出口产生影响.部分产品出口退税率下调.国内投资项目中有154种设备进口不予免税.国家鼓励进口6种石化通用机械.重大技术装备关键件进口实行先征税后返回优惠政策.人民币对美元的汇率升值将会继续,有关企业要积极应对.     

进出口贸易抑制了企业创新吗--基于收入差距的调节作用

开放经济下企业进出口与企业创新的关系备受学者们关注,但从收入差距的视角出发探讨进出口对企业创新的影响的相关研究较少。鉴于此,文章利用工业企业数据库与海关贸易数据库的合并数据,实证检验企业进出口、收入差距和企业创新三者之间的关系,结果显示:(1)出口依赖对企业创新无确定性作用,中间品进口依赖则不利于企业的创新活动;(2)收入差距显著抑制了企业的创新活动,但有效缓和了企业进口对企业创新的抑制作用;(3)收入差距对创新的作用受到地区人均收入水平的限制,人均收入越高,抑制作用越明显;(4)企业出口规模不会对收入差距的直接抑制作用产生明显的影响。研究结论对全面开放新格局下进出口贸易政策的调整以及中国企业向全球价值链高端攀升有一定的参考价值。     

International trade in durable goods: Understanding volatility, cyclicality, and elasticities

Data for OECD countries document: 1. imports and exports are about three times as volatile as GDP; 2. imports and exports are pro-cyclical, and positively correlated with each other; 3. net exports are counter-cyclical. Standard models fail to replicate the behavior of imports and exports, though they can match net exports relatively well. Inspired by the fact that a large fraction of international trade is in durable goods, we propose a two-country two-sector model in which durable goods are traded across countries. Our model can match the business cycle statistics on the volatility and comovement of the imports and exports relatively well. The model is able to match many dimensions of the data, which suggests that trade in durable goods may be an important element in open-economy macro models.     

PROMOTING EFFORTS FROM DEVELOPING COUNTRIES: AN EMPIRICAL TEST OF THE IMPACT OF IMPORT PROMOTION OFFICES

Increasing exports from developing countries is widely regarded as an important part of a development and growth strategy. A major problem confronting exporters from developing countries is the many market barriers they typically face when attempting to enter markets in developed countries. Different institutions have been established to alleviate this problem, including export promotion offices (EPOs) in various developing countries and import promotion offices (IPOs) in several developed countries. The present study explores the impact of IPOs on exports from developing to developed countries by examin ing the actual pattern of imports into OECD countries over the period 1988 to 1993. Four specific product groups are selected and a model pertaining to explain the pattern of imports is presented. The results show that, even after controlling for a number of economic and policy variables, the share of imports originating in developing coun tries is indeed positively influenced by the presence of an IPO in the importing country. Thus, the results suggest that the establishment of an IPO may have a positive impact on the share of imports originat ing in developing countries.     

中国对外贸易隐含碳的测度研究——基于碳排放责任界定的视角

贸易自由化对气候变化的影响已引起国内外学术界的普遍关注。本文采用投入产出法,考虑进口中间投入产品的影响后,建立经济模型,分析我国进出口贸易中的隐含碳,其中特别注重对再出口贸易和部门分解的分析。结果表明:2007年,我国生产隐含碳比消费隐含碳高4.53%,净出口隐含碳达2.98亿吨。我国的CO2排放贸易条件是0.93,这说明我国单位出口的碳排放强度小于单位进口的碳排放强度,国际贸易总体上来说有利于中国的节能减排。"通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业"是出口隐含碳最多的部门,进口隐含碳最多的部门是"化学工业"。隐含碳贸易顺差最大的部门是"纺织业",逆差最大的部门是"石油和天然气开采业"。"化学工业"、"金属冶炼及压延加工业"和"通信设备、计算机及其他电子设备制造业"是再出口隐含碳最多的三个部门,说明这些部门有很大一部分产品属于加工贸易,两头在外的贸易模式对我国进出口隐含碳有较大的影响。最后,根据结论提出了政策建议。     

现代物流与对外贸易关系的实证研究——基于浙江省1986-2009年的数据

本文基于时间序列模型,利用浙江省1986-2009年的货物运输量、港口货物吞吐量、进出口总额和地区生产总值数据,运用协整理论和格兰杰(Granger)因果检验对浙江省现代物流与对外贸易关系进行了实证分析。结果表明两者之间存在着长期稳定的关系,进一步的分析发现货物吞吐量与进出口总额之间存在单向因果关系;并在此基础上对浙江省发展现代物流和促进对外贸易增长提出了相关建议。     

Imports and Exports at the Level of the Firm: Evidence from Belgium

This paper explores a newly available panel dataset merging balance sheet and international trade transaction data for Belgium. Both imports and exports appear to be highly concentrated among few firms and seem to have become more so over time. Focusing on manufacturing, we find that facts previously reported in the literature as applying only to exports actually apply to imports too. We note that the number of trading firms diminishes as the number of export destinations or import origins increases. The same is true if we consider the number of products traded. Our results generally point to a process of self‐selection in both export and import markets. Also, the productivity advantage of exporters reported in the literature may be overstated because imports were not considered. We find that firms that both import and export are the most productive, followed, in descending order, by importers only, exporters only and non‐traders. Our results also show the existence of fixed costs of imports, which appear to be of similar magnitude as those of exports.     

THE IMPACT OF CURRENCY INCONVERTIBILITY ON TRADE FLOWS

This study investigates whether the relationship between the real exchange rate and trade volumes (exports, imports, and the trade balance) differs for countries with and without import restrictions. A theoretical model points out that in countries with import restrictions, the volume of imports is often constrained by the export income. A real depreciation should stimulate exports and then also stimulate imports, as the volume of exports limits the volume of imports. Empirical evidence for a large international sample confirms that trade elasticities with respect to the real exchange rate importantly depend on the presence of trade restrictions. This suggests that earlier work in this area that ignored the importance of such restrictions has been misleading.     

基于多元回归模型的人民币汇率影响因素分析

以对于人民币汇率影响的国际收支、中美利差、政策和心理因素为基础,借助spss软件方法,从定性和定量综合集成的途径,构建人民币影响因素实证分析模型,找出最佳的回归形式进行检验,得出进出口差额增长率与人民币汇率之间存在负相关关系;中美相对价格指数增长率对人民币汇率有明显的作用的结果,可以此为汇率政策的制定依据。     

The Effect of Corruption on Exports and Imports in Latin America and the Caribbean

International trade, in particular exports and imports, are regarded as important factors that can increase the economic development of the Latin American and Caribbean (LAC) countries. However, little is known whether the ability of these countries to strengthen their global positions in trade can be affected by the pervasiveness of local corruption. The objective of this study is to analyze the impact of corruption on exports and imports in LAC countries. Our empirical results from the gravity model indicate that local corruption strongly reduces exports in the region. Thus, we conclude that LAC would be able to achieve more export growth if corruption in the region was effectively reduced.     

Foreign Direct Investment,Exports and Imports in Mexico

This paper analyses the liberalisation of foreign direct investment (FDI) in Mexico since the late 1980s, and its relationships with exports and imports. Such a process has eased the access of multinational corporations (MNCs) to the country, which has promoted exports. However, it has also resulted in a higher import content and the displacement of local firms, which has limited Mexico's economic development through the balance of payments constraint. The analysis is supported by the existence of linkages – bidirectional Granger causality – between exports, imports and FDI.     

基于能源消耗的我国国际贸易实证研究

本文通过应用设计的投入产出模型考察了1997年我国国际贸易36个部门商品的能耗密集度,计算和比较了各类商品的进出口能源消耗量,从能源消耗角度考察了我国的进出口贸易。结果表明,1997年我国出口总的能耗量为37068.53万吨标准煤,进口能耗量为39036.25万吨标准煤,比出口多1967.72万吨标准煤。贸易商品中流入和流出的能耗分别占全国同期总能耗的28.25%和26.83%。从能源消耗角度看,1997年我国是一个净进口国,且进口单位产值的商品中包含的能耗量比出口单位产值商品中包含的能耗量多27%左右。这些研究结果对于我国的可持续发展和环境与贸易问题的改善有重要的参考意义。     

2002-2003年我国对外贸易形势回顾与展望

2002年前3季度我国对外贸易，特别是出口保持强劲的增长势头，这得益于我国国民经济持续稳定发展和加入世界贸易组织带来的正面效应。展望2003年，国内外经济形势总体上相对有利，但各种不确定因素也不少。预测我国2003年的进出口增长分别在15％、16％左右。我国应积极扩大出口、提高国际竞争力、搞好贸易配套措施、积极应对贸易保护主义和反倾销。