浅析新会计准则

2006年2月15日,财政部正式发布了新的企业会计准则,规定自2007年1月1日起上市公司开始执行,鼓励其他企业执行。新实施的会计准则,更加适合中国经济快速市场化和国际化的要求,以提高会计信息质量为核心,强化为投资者和社会公众提供更加准确的会计信息。一、新会计准则要求财务信息更加具体和透明新会计准则对上市公司的信息披露提出了更高的要求,将更加提高上市公司财务报告的使用价值,使上市公司业绩的可预测性更强。对上市公司信息披露的逐步完善,将有助于投资者做出更准确的投资决策,降低投资风险。比如《分部报告》准则要求上市公司分别…     

论资产计价对企业会计利润的影响

2006年2月15日,财政部颁布了新企业会计准则体系,并将于2007年1月1日起在上市公司实施。这一新的准则体系,以提高会计信息质量为核心,强化为投资者和社会公众提供决策有用会计信息的理念,引入了公允价值这一计量属性。本文分别从历史成本计量属性、重置成本计量属性、公允价值计量属性对会计利润的影响做出评价。     

公允价值重新引用所面临的问题及对策

2006年2月15日,财政部颁布了39项会计准则和48项审计准则,并规定于2007年1月1日在境内上市公司实行.新会计准则确定的主要会计计量属性包括历史成本、重置成本、可变现净值、现值以及公允价值.其中,比较全面地导入了公允价值的计量属性,使得企业可以根据当前市场状况对资产和负债的真实经济价值进行计量,及时反映企业资产和负债的市场价值变化,并在收益中得到体现.公允价值的引用能更加真实、公允地揭示企业的经营业绩、财务状况和风险管理量化信息,将对企业的经营管理和财务状况产生积极的影响.但由于我国目前市场经济还不够成熟,加之公允价值计量实际操作难度大,会计信息质量的可靠性难以保证,因此公允价值的正确取得是有效实施新会计准则面临的一个重大问题.     

新会计准则与上市公司盈余质量评价

上市公司盈余质量评价是完善财务评价体系、客观反映公司真实盈余状况的有效手段.2007年1月1日起在上市公司率先执行的新会计准则将对上市公司盈余质量评价产生较大影响,笔者试析新准则下提高上市公司盈余质量评价有效性的途径,以期更好地为上市公司相关利益者科学决策服务.[编者按]     

实施新企业会计准则应关注的几个问题

2006年2月15日,财政部发布了新企业会计准则,内容包括1项基本准则和38项具体准则,并将于2007年1月1日在上市公司中全面实施。新企业会计准则的实施,将有利于提高企业会计信息质量,增强企业财务透明度,为财务会计报告使用者提供更加可靠和相关的会计信息,这对于促进我国市场经济健康发展将起到十分重要的作用。实施新企业会计准则后应关注以下几个问题:     

农产品类上市公司会计信息质量影响原因分析

农产品类上市公司的发展关系到国计民生,保障其会计信息质量十分重要。阐述了农产品类上市公司会计信息质量现状,分析了影响其会计信息质量的原因,为农产品类上市公司及相关行业更好地提高会计信息质量提供助力。     

重庆市贯彻落实《企业会计准则》存在的问题

自2007我国年实施《企业会计准则》以来，财政部每年都发布上市公司执行《企业会计准则》情况分析报告。总体上，《企业会计准则》在我国上市公司得到了较好地执行，财政部针对执行中的一些热点、难点问题，结合国际会计准则动态及时出台了一些解释公告，上市公司会计信息质量普遍得到提高，因此也得到了国际会计准则理事会、欧盟等组织的认同。     

浅析新会计准则

2006年2月15日，财政部正式发布了新的企业会计准则，规定自2007年1月1日起上市公司开始执行，鼓励其他企业执行。新实施的会计准则，更加适合中国经济快速市场化和国际化的要求，以提高会计信息质量为核心．强化为投资者和社会公众提供更加准确的会计信息。     

实施新企业会计准则应关注的几个问题

2006年2月15日,财政部发布了新企业会计准则,内容包括1项基本准则和38项具体准则,并将于2007年1月1日在上市公司中全面实施.新企业会计准则的实施,将有利于提高企业会计信息质量,增强企业财务透明度,为财务会计报告使用者提供更加可靠和相关的会计信息,这对于促进我国市场经济健康发展将起到十分重要的作用.     

公允价值在上市公司会计处理中的差异分析

从2007年1月1日起,财政部发布的新会计准则已率先在上市公司实施了。企业会计准则体系制定的主要思路之一是参照国际财务报告准则,并充分考虑我国现阶段国情,以使按照企业会计准则体系编制的财务报表能够更加真实、公允地反映企业价值。基于这一出发点,新会计准则体系在引入公允价值等会计处理方面实现了诸多突破。     

Price transmission between products at different stages of manufacturing in forest industries

The theory of demand and supply implies a positive relationship, or “price transmission” between the prices of products at different stages of manufacturing. This relationship was investigated with quarterly prices of softwood stumpage in the US South, and national prices of forest products, from 1977 to 2002. All prices, net of inflation, were found to be nonstationary and there was no evidence of co-integration between prices. Vector autogressive models, augmented by Granger causality tests and multiplier analysis showed that there was a one-to-one permanent positive response of the southern sawtimber stumpage price to a permanent change in the national lumber price. There was also a one-third permanent positive response of the national paper price to a permanent change in the national pulp price. There was no relation between regional pulpwood prices and national pulp or paper prices. When price transmission was significant, the full adjustment took about 2 years.     

Application of an ecosystem function framework to perceptions of community woodlands

Owners, local residents, government, and conservation organisations can express divergent preferences in the development and management of local woodlands. The perceptions of these four groups were examined, in the context of three community woodlands in Eastern England, using an ecosystem function framework. In a pilot study, residents were able to allocate a relative importance to woodland ecosystem services which were then related to “regulation”, “habitat”, and “production” or “information” functions. However residents also placed importance on negative services or “dis-services” associated with the woodland ecosystem. Therefore a fifth category of “dis-services” was included in the main survey which included 84 local residents, three woodland owners, three government institutions, and six representatives from conservation groups. Each of the four groups placed greatest importance on services associated with habitat (16–39% of the total importance) and information (30–50%) functions suggesting, in this example, mutual interest in the use of woodlands as a habitat or recreational resource. By contrast a potential area of difference was the particularly high importance placed by one owner on dis-services such as fly tipping. In addition the woodland owners placed higher importance (10–20%), than local residents and conservation groups (7–9%), on the productive services of the wood. This suggests a need for communication when production-related operations affect recreation. The ecosystem function framework appears to be a useful approach for highlighting potential tensions and areas of mutual interest in the management of semi-natural ecosystems.     

In Vino ‘No’ Veritas: impacts of fraud on wine imports in China

China is one of the largest wine importing countries in the world and is poised for continued import growth in the future. Increased wine purchases throughout China have given rise to persistent fraud where fake wines are packaged and sold with counterfeit contents and labels. For exporting countries like France, counterfeit wines displace market share, damage foreign brand reputation, and cause distrust in consumers who are aware of counterfeiting problems throughout the country. We examine the impact of fraudulent wine events (as measured by negative media reports) on Chinese wine demand differentiated by supplying country. We employ the Rotterdam demand system and a switching regression procedure to estimate import demand and compare results across different media variable specifications. Results consistently show that negative reports disproportionately affect French wine regardless of how the media variable is specified. This is not surprising because most fraudulent events involve French wine counterfeits.     

An evaluation framework for earthquake-responsive land administration

In recent years earthquakes and their secondary hazards have claimed the largest number of lives of all large natural disasters. Some of the world’s most earthquake-prone zones are also areas of high population density. The impact is magnified by vulnerability factors including non-enforcement of building codes, knowledge gaps, urban poverty and poor governance capacity to manage and reduce earthquake risks. Poor security of land tenure and property rights increases the vulnerability of people and affects their ability to respond to natural disasters.Earthquake recovery and reconstruction provides very significant challenges for land agencies, with these challenges differing from one country to the next due to differences in the local context. Drawing on contrasting case studies in Haiti, Nepal and New Zealand this paper identifies the common post-earthquake land administration functions and challenges that may apply to many contexts. These lessons provide land agencies and other key stakeholders with a summary of the challenges an earthquake poses for land administration at different post-disaster stages. We also discuss the policy and regulatory, institutional, operational and preparedness lessons for land administration. From these lessons we propose a framework for evaluating the earthquake-responsiveness of a land administration system. This framework can be used by a land agency in an earthquake prone region, or where an earthquake has recently occurred, to assess what challenges to land administration might occur in the event of an earthquake, and the preparedness of their land administration system.     

Agrarian Poverty,Nutrition and Economic Class – A Study of Gujarat,India

This paper analyses poverty and calorific undernourishment in the Indian state of Gujarat, where high and market‐led industrial growth has resulted in rapid economic improvement. The study is carried out through a combination of secondary and survey‐based data. We conclude that the neoliberal agenda of uncontrolled, outward‐looking growth has not resulted in significant reduction of poverty or malnourishment in rural areas. Furthermore, while land ownership is officially used as a proxy for wealth distribution, class position appears a better predictor of poverty status in the rural areas than landownership per se. At the policy level, there is a need to revive the agrarian economy and create new non‐agricultural assets, and the primary focus in the state must shift to the distribution of created assets rather than a single‐minded focus on growth.     

Does sustainable agricultural growth require a system of innovation? Evidence from Ghana and Burkina Faso

This paper tests the ‘systems of innovation’ hypothesis for a selection of crops in Ghana and Burkina Faso that have shown significant growth in production over an approximately 20-year period. The question is whether such growth can only occur if supported by a system of innovation. Using two indicators (a common understanding on objectives and priorities, and a high level of interactivity), we find little evidence for the existence of anything that might be considered a high functioning system of innovation.     

Local impacts of industrial tree plantations: An empirical analysis in Indonesia across plantation types

The values ascribed to industrial tree plantations are often controversial. Hence knowledge of their perceived impacts is important for improving their integration in rural landscapes. In 2016 we conducted household surveys with 606 respondents living in villages adjacent to acacia, teak and pine plantations across three islands in Indonesia (Java, Borneo, Sumatra). Results show that perceptions toward pine and teak plantations tend to differ from those toward acacia pulpwood plantations in several ways. Pine and teak plantations are perceived to have a higher number and variety of benefits and services, a higher number of positive impacts, a better environmental record, and to present more opportunities to local people for use of plantation land and products for improving rural livelihoods. In addition, we find that villagers around acacia pulpwood plantations tend to seek economic development and infrastructure to open up remote areas, yet their expectations were often only partially met. Recommendations from our analysis include: the role of the State in plantations must be clarified and potentially reinforced; the role of institutions as intermediaries is fundamental; and contributions by communities to design of management plans should be accommodated.     

Upstream demand for water use by new tree plantations imposes externalities on downstream irrigated agriculture and wetlands*

Large‐scale tree plantations in high rainfall upstream areas can reduce fresh water inflows to river systems, thereby imposing external costs on downstream irrigation, stock and domestic water users and wetland interests. We take the novel approach of expressing all benefits and costs of establishing plantations in terms of $ per gigalitre (GL) of water removed annually from river flows, setting upstream demands on the same basis as downstream demands. For the Macquarie Valley, a New South Wales sub‐catchment of Australia’s Murray‐Darling Basin, we project changes in land and water use and changes in economic surpluses under two policy settings: without and with a policy requiring permanent water entitlements to be purchased from downstream parties, before plantation establishment. Without the policy, and given a high stumpage value for trees ($70/m³), upstream gains in economic surplus projected from expanding plantations are $639 million; balanced against $233 million in economic losses by downstream irrigators and stock and domestic water users for a net gain of $406 million, but 345 GL lower mean annual environmental flows. With the policy, smaller gains in upstream economic surplus from trees ($192 million), added to net downstream gains ($138 million) from sale of water, result in gains of $330 million with no reduction in environmental flows. Sustaining the 345 GL flow for a $76 million (406–330) reduction in gains to economic surplus may be seen to cost only $0.22 million/GL; but this is much lower than the market value of the first units of that water to agriculture and forestry.     

Underpayment of Small Producers of Coffee and Cocoa in Sierra Leone

Fieldwork shows that many Sierra Leonean producers do not receive the official producer price for their coffee and cocoa, due to the concentration of buying stations, credit relations, the small quantities offered for sale, and the lack of marketing knowledge of the numerous and unorganized farmers. To the traders underpayment may seem economically justifiable to a certain extent, but to the farmers it means poverty and debt. A new village marketing centre project aims at remedying this situation and has already led to higher prices. Although no longer allowed to take their "just" share from the producers, traders are still willing to deal with the new centres.     

Malaria incidence and agricultural efficiency in Uganda

The cost of accessing healthcare can be a major determinant of disease prevalence, which in turn has short‐ and long‐term welfare implications on poor households. In response, governments in developing countries often resort to subsidizing the cost of drugs, which, while perhaps easier to administer, may not always be the most effective way of addressing healthcare cost. In this regard, we analyze the impact of different types of household level health expenses on disease incidence and agricultural production efficiency. We use data from the 2006 Uganda National Household Survey, which covered approximately 7,400 households. The results suggest that a 10% increase in consultation, medicine, and hospitalization expenses would reduce malaria incidence respectively by 35.6%, 20.5%, and 21.3 %, which translates into a 1.1%, 0.6%, and 0.6 % decrease in agricultural inefficiency, respectively. The results indicate that helping poor households meet expenses for consultation through subsidies or eliminating consultation fees has a larger impact on malaria incidence and agricultural productivity among poor rural households than subsidizing the cost of medical drugs, the most common avenue chosen by developing country governments in the fight against the disease.