企业研发投入与业绩的相关性——基于电子信息行业的实证分析

在以知识、信息为特征的新经济社会中,企业的发展离不开R＆D.R＆D是企业成长的源泉和内动力,是企业在市场竞争中取得长期优势的基本保证.那么,企业研发投入与业绩的相关性到底如何,就是理论界和实务界颇为关注的问题.限于企业个体研发数据的非公开披露,国内从微观层面研究研发投入与业绩的相关性的文献较少,而且实证研究也多以一元线性模型为主,本文利用电子信息行业的相关数据,对企业研发投入和业绩的相关性从微观层面进行多元回归的实证分析.结果显示,我国企业研发投入和企业业绩存在不显著的正相关关系,研发强度对企业业绩的影响存在滞后效应.     

基于长期超额收益率的不同资产重组方式绩效实证研究

选取控制权未发生转移型的资产重组事件的上市公司为研究样本,采用市场模型法从不同资产重组方式的角度对上市公司资产重组绩效的影响进行了研究.研究表明,所有发生了资产重组但控制权没有发生转移的上市公司样本只有采取了其它资产重组方式的上市公司有好的超额收益且较稳定,而采取股权转让方式的上市公司获得的超额收益最小.     

Auditor specialization in R&D and clients’ R&D investment-q sensitivity

While research and development (R&D) activities contribute to economic growth via technological innovations, they impose significant uncertainty and agency costs. In this study, we examine the governance role of R&D specialist auditors in affecting clients’ R&D investment decisions. Using a sample of U.S. firms during 2001–2016, we find that R&D specialist auditors’ clients make more efficient investments in the form of a higher R&D investment-q sensitivity. We also find that the reduction in discretionary adjustments of R&D expenses moderates the results. Further, when clients are audited by R&D specialists, their R&D investments are more closely linked to innovative output in subsequent years. Collectively, our results suggest that an auditor’s specialized knowledge induces clients to make better economic decisions.     

Too close for comfort? Geographic propinquity to political power and stock returns

We show that firm headquarters’ geographic proximity to political power centers (state capitals) is associated with higher abnormal returns. Consistent with the notion that this effect is rooted in social network links, we find it is more pronounced in communities with high levels of sociability and political values’ homophily, and that it dissipates when firms move their headquarters to another state. Finally, in line with the view that investors perceive such networks to be associated with political risk, we find that this effect is particularly strong when there are substantial levels of corruption, dependency on government spending, and politicians’ turnover.     

How and when do firms translate slack into better performance?

Many studies have tested the impact of organizational slack on performance, and yet little is known about how managers make use of slack, and in what circumstances it is most beneficial. We show that the managers of firms with higher levels of slack tend to overinvest, which will have a negative impact on performance, but at the same time they may innovate, which will subsequently have a positive impact. Our results also indicates slack is more beneficial when the firm has many profitable investment opportunities. We show that different types of slack influence performance differently, the total effect of available slack on performance being positive, whereas that of recoverable slack on performance being negative.     

基于序列链模型的中部区域创新绩效的评价与比较

运用在传统CCR模型上改进的序列链DEA方法,建立科技投入到经济产出的两阶段模型,对中部区域创新系统的绩效进行评价,并与京、沪、粤地区进行对比,进而分析了中部区域DEA无效的原因.结果表明我国中部地区的科技创新能力较强,但由科技创新向实际生产能力转化的效率偏低.因此,如何强化科技实力的经济转化仍是当前亟待解决的问题.     

企业环境绩效评价国内外研究综述及展望

随着环境问题日趋严重,企业环境责任呼声高涨,建立企业环境绩效评价体系是企业发展的必然选择。文章对国外组织关于环境绩效评价标准的研究,国内学者关于环境绩效评价体系建立的研究进行了综述,并在此基础上对环境绩效评级体系的发展进行了展望,提出了建立生态伦理这一新视角下企业环境绩效评价体系。     

Banking relationship and research spin-offs’ life cycle: The Italian experience

Research Spin-Offs (RSOs) are special firms created within universities or research institutes that require significant financial resources to transfer their innovative technologies to the market. This work studies an important driver of RSOs’ success, i.e. the local banking environment in which such firms operate. Empirical results highlight that the local development of the banking sector does not affect RSO performance at the time of incubation, when the main source of funding comes from public contributions. Conversely, there is a significant positive and growing influence of local banking relationships when the RSO enters the market and becomes independent of public resources. The findings suggest that governments and banking institutions should develop new financial instruments to support RSOs, especially during the early stages of their life cycle. RSOs should consider bank debt as a complementary source of funding that allows them to encounter the vital growth opportunities emerging during the incubation phase.     

How persistent is private equity performance? Evidence from deal-level data

The persistence of returns is a critical issue for investors in their choice of private equity managers. In this paper, we analyse buyout performance persistence in new ways, using a unique database containing cash flow data on 13,523 portfolio company investments by 865 buyout funds. We focus on unique realized deals and find that persistence of fund managers has substantially declined as the private equity sector has matured and become more competitive. Private equity has, therefore, largely conformed to the pattern found in most other asset classes in which past performance is a poor predictor of the future.     

校企联盟合作创新的研究综述

校企合作创新已经成为大学和企业的发展战略之一,但目前校企合作正面临着巨大的挑战,存在企业急需的科研成果和高校、科研院所拥有的大量成果不能转化的问题。本文对已有的有关校企合作创新的研究进行整理,并提出校企合作创新研究的趋势。     

关于全国社会保障基金的几个问题

社会保障问题是当今中国乃至世界各国政府最为关注的问题。目前我国的养老体系正面临着人口老龄化。国家基本养老保险不健全、覆盖面窄、历史包袱较重的严峻挑战，因此，必须充分发挥社会保障基金的作用。并积极促进我国社会保障基金管理的创新与发展。     

The value relevance of R&D across profit and loss firms

We examine whether the valuation relevance of R&D documented for loss firms extends to profit firms. We use the residual-income valuation model and show that the valuation multiplier on R&D expenditures is likely to be negative (positive) for profit (loss) firms. This occurs because the linear information dynamics assumption of the residual-income model is more appropriate for profit firms than loss firms. Earnings of profit firms are likely to contain information on the future benefits of R&D activity, however, earnings of loss firms do not contain such information. The empirical evidence confirms our predictions for profit and loss firms. An important implication of our findings is that understanding the role of the R&D expense line item in valuation across firms and within firms, across time depends on whether the linear information dynamics assumption of the residual-income model is applicable for the sample of firms under investigation.     

财政科技创新项目绩效审计评价指标设计及应用

财政项目支出绩效审计是政府绩效审计的重要内容,如何构建合理的绩效审计评价指标并运用科学的评价方法是获得客观的审计结论的重要前提.本文分析了绩效审计评价指标体系的构建原则,在此基础上构建了一项财政科技创新项目的绩效审计评价指标,并采用层次分析法和模糊综合评价法对该项目进行绩效审计评价,将定性评价的指标演算为量化的评价结论.最后,在结论部分,对模糊层次分析法在绩效审计评价中的运用进行了总结.     

对我国票据市场发展创新的思考

近年来我国在票据产品创新方面有所突破,但总体上仍存在品种少、规模小、质量低、原创性创新少和市场主体呈现同质化经营等一系列问题。本文沿着我国票据市场发展创新的历史轨迹,归纳总结出我国票据市场发展创新的成功经验与启示,探寻制约票据市场发展创新的瓶颈和主要因素,并就如何推动我国票据市场发展创新提出对策与建议。     

Pension accrual management and research and development investment

This study investigates whether discretion in reporting pension expenses mitigates research and development (R&D) manipulation. Using a sample of Japanese manufacturing firms during the fiscal years 2001–2011 where both pension costs and R&D expenditures have large impacts on the bottom‐line earnings, I find that higher discount rates are associated with higher R&D investment among firms in which pension expenses could have large impacts on reported earnings. I also find that this relationship is found only among firms in high‐tech industries. These results suggest that pension accrual management substitutes costly R&D manipulation that may hurt future competitive edge.     

ERP实施绩效研究:回顾与展望

从ERP实施对公司业绩的影响、决定ERP实施绩效的因素以及ERP实施效果评价标准等方面对ERP实施绩效研究文献进行了回顾和简评,并根据这些文献构建了ERP实施绩效的研究模型,以期为未来的研究提供方向.     

Equity returns,bond returns,and the equity premium in the German capital market

This article reviews the empirical evidence for equity returns, bond returns, and the equity premium in the German capital market for the period from 1870 to 1995. Taken together, the studies reviewed provide convincing evidence that over longer investment periods, average equity returns have been higher than average bond returns. These excess returns, however, have been highly volatile and negative in many years, illustrating the higher risk of equity investments. Moreover, market timing had a major positive or negative impact on overall returns. Despite the historical evidence of a substantial equity premium there is still little equity investment by German households.     

制度安排、金融创新与银行监管有效性

金融制度安排、金融创新与银行监管存在着辩证关系。监管体制差异、监管内容的不同以及监管执行力的差别等,都会导致金融创新与金融监管绩效之间的不同组合。在中国经济转轨和市场全面开放的双重背景下,只有完善现有的银行监管制度,才能既保持金融稳定运行,又能推动金融创新健康发展。     

建立中国的公共高等教育支出绩效与责任体系

随着中国高等教育规模的不断扩大,公共高等教育支出的数额也越来越大,公共高等教育支出的绩效成为政府和社会各界普遍关心的问题.建立公共高等教育支出绩效与责任体系是满足各方要求,提高公共高等教育支出绩效的有效手段.本文通过分析比较公共教育支出绩效与责任体系实现的三种形式,认为中国建立公共高等教育支出绩效与责任体系应该采用由"绩效基金 绩效报告"发展到"绩效基金 绩效预算 绩效报告"的发展思路.