美国联邦巡回上诉法院否定中国电池企业出口产品侵犯美国企业专利(“337条款”)案评析

美国劲量电池公司声称中国多家电池企业出口的无汞碱锰电池侵犯其"709专利",要求美国国际贸易委员会进行"337条款"调查。中国企业以其专利不具有确定性进行了抗辩。在上诉阶段,美国联邦上诉巡回法院维持了美国国际贸易委员会裁定,认为美国劲量公司的"709无汞碱锰电池专利"因缺乏确定性而无效。该案是美国对中国企业发起的多项337调查案中中国企业胜诉的少数案例之一。本文在概述案情的基础上,归纳了美国联邦上诉巡回法院判案的思路,并就中国企业今后如何应对美国337条款诉讼进行了评析。     

以“国家行为 ”抗辩美国反托拉斯法域外适用的法律分析——评析美国企业告中国维生素出口企业价格串通违犯反托拉斯法案

本文在归纳美国企业告中国维生素出口企业价格串通违犯反托拉斯法案的基本案情的基础上,对以中国相关法规具有强制性为由抗辩美国反托拉斯域外适用的法律问题进行分析。本文认为,由于中国外贸体制改革过程中存在相关法规间衔接问题,这对中国企业和政府抗辩带来一定困难。中国企业在对外贸易时,要注意反倾销、反补贴和反垄断法之间的相互关联问题。     

美国国际贸易法院拒绝中国河北兴茂轮胎有限公司就非公路用轮胎“反倾销和反补贴”发布临时限制令案评析

中国河北兴茂轮胎有限公司出口至美国的某些非公路用轮胎在美国被指控构成倾销和补贴。美国商务部、美国国际贸易委员会分别做出了倾销及补贴存在、损害成立的裁定。中国河北兴茂轮胎有限公司联合美国进口商向美国国际贸易法院提出发布临时禁令的动议,但美国国际贸易法院给予了否定。本文对本案的基本案情做了梳理,归纳了美国法院的判决思路,最后将本案涉及的美国相关程序制度上的临时禁止令进行了分析,并指出了美国法院可能存在的判决推理错误。本案对中国企业今后积极抗衡美国的反倾销和反补贴指控,有一定的借鉴意义。     

中国政府及国有企业在美国法院面临的主权豁免问题分析——兼评美国Walters夫妇就“中国制造”手枪质量问题导致儿子死亡告中华人民共和国政府缺席判决执行案

美国Walters夫妇就"中国制造"手枪质量问题导致儿子死亡告中华人民共和国政府,美国密苏里州西区联邦法院用缺席判决判中国政府赔偿1000万美元。美国Walters夫妇要求扣留中国工商银行纽约分行等3家银行中相应的中国政府财产,美国纽约州南区联邦法院以该财产不在美国境内为由,驳回原告要求。2010年3月,美国原告提起上诉。本案仍然在进行中。本文通过对本案的分析,引出中国政府及国有企业在美国法院面临的主权豁免问题的分析,如中国政府在主权豁免案中可引用的抗辩理由;中国国有企业援引主权豁免的利弊;执行国有企业中相应财产问题。本文旨在引起学术界进一步关注在司法实践中涉及中国的主权豁免问题。     

千惠便利店选址的实证研究

随着大润发和人人乐的进驻,已经汇集了沃尔玛、家乐福、麦德龙、新一佳等国内外知名企业的长沙零售市场,竞争将日趋白热化,对本地零售企业来说则意味着面临巨大的市场挑战,这使得我们不得不关注这连锁便利店这一行业的发展前景。本文通过千惠便利店选址的实证分析,总结出连锁便利店选址的规律和方法,从而促进长沙市连锁便利店的发展,使其生存和发展于激烈的竞争之中。     

The impact of the meal situation on the consumption of ready meals

The context in which a meal is eaten is known to affect intake and choice of food. The purpose of this study was to investigate in what typical situations ready meals are consumed and if consumer demands vary according to different situations. With a market survey four typical ready meal eating situations were identified, and the respondent's ready meal consumption was shown to be affected by situational factors. In the different eating situations there were dissimilar reasons for consumption. Two ready meal eating situations were investigated in greater detail in order to establish what triggered the ready meal consumption in these situations. One of these meal situations proved to be convenience driven and the other time driven. A situation‐oriented approach is suggested for further ready meal product development.     

Green, Reform, Win-Win

Boao Forum for Asia this year enjoys three highlights,namely＂Green,Reform and Win-Win＂. The old but hot topics attracted accumulated attention from the whole world,and more fresh ideas were ushered in.     

‘Sustainable transport choices’ in consumer shopping: a review of the UK evidence

In the UK, as elsewhere in Europe, government policy aims to reduce the use of private cars for consumer shopping trips. One major instrument of policy aims to ensure that new retail development is located in places accessible by all transport modes. This paper reviews the effectiveness of this and other such policies through analysis of survey evidence relating to routine shopping behaviour in the UK. It appears that these policies are likely to have little impact upon shopping travel, given the advantages to the consumer of private car use. However, demographic trends and increasing use of the Internet for food shopping are likely to stabilize or even reduce the use of private cars in the future.     

Convenience samples of college students and research reproducibility

Tests of theory in marketing and consumer behavior research are frequently based on convenience samples of undergraduate college students. In a study of business-related ethicality, analysis of data from four dozen convenience samples of undergraduate business students revealed significant differences in means, variances, intercorrelations, and path parameters across the samples. Depending on the particular convenience sample used, relationships between variables and constructs were positive or negative and statistically significant or insignificant. The present research empirically documents, for the first time, the uncertainty created by using convenience samples of college students as research subjects. Only through empirical replications can researchers pragmatically assess the reliability, validity, and generalizability of research findings.     

Retail strategies for the petrol forecourt: the example of RoadChef Forecourts Ltd

This paper details the major changes that are occurring within petrol forecourt retailing. It examines the transition of services stations within a contextual framework and highlights how they have sought to differentiate themselves in the face of increased competition form the grocery multiples. One strategy undertaken has been to develop a convenience store format to supplement fuel sales. The research examines in detail one company's attempt to undertake this process by identifying the products most suited to its forecourt sites.