Regulation of the Canadian cable industry: A comparative analysis

The Canadian and US cable television industries have similar economic characteristics and market structures, yet each has a distinct mix of programme services and a different history of development. These differences are largely due to a different economic status in each country, cultural peculiarities and contrasting theories of regulation. The US regulatory environment is gradually moving toward a laissez-faire market approach while in Canada more traditional and formal rules still apply which constrict economic behaviour. This difference in regulatory philosophy is most evident in the treatment of pay television. Canadian regulatory policy has given rise to rules which are at variance with economic incentives and efficiency.     

Vertical Ownership,Program Network Carriage,and Tier Positioning in Cable Television: An Empirical Study

Using a 2004 cross-sectional database of digital cable systems in the U.S., we provide new evidence that the effects of vertical ownership ties between systems and programming suppliers persist in spite of extensive channel capacity expansion, as well as new competition from direct broadcast satellites. Focusing on four program network groups (basic outdoor entertainment, basic cartoon, basic movie, and premium movie), we generally find that integrated cable systems carry their affiliated networks more frequently and carry unaffiliated rival networks less frequently—a pattern identified by previous studies using data prior to DBS or the capacity expansion effects of digital cable. We also find that integrated systems that do carry rival networks often position them on digital tiers having more limited subscriber access, a pattern not investigated in previous studies.     

How Much Will Consumers Pay? A Hedonic Analysis of the Cable Television Industry

Because cable television is the classic example of a bundled commodity, it is difficult to determine how consumers value individual cable networks offered on a typical system. This paper uses a modified hedonic framework to determine the marginal willingness to pay by consumers for individual cable networks. The traditional hedonic framework is adapted to allow for the lack of competition on the supply side of the market. It is clear that consumers do value some types of programming more than other types. Sports, news, and family programming all have positive implicit prices while program guides have negative marginal prices.     

The Effects of Rate Regulation on Mean Returns and Non-Diversifiable Risk: The Case of Cable Television

Anticipated effects of rate controls are best observed in abnormalreturns in sectors providing complements and substitutes to the sector targeted for regulation. Further, risk may rise in response to rate controls, increasing the cost of capital and lowering investment. We examine stock price movements during events tied to the 1992 Cable Act, which reinstituted price controls on U.S. cable TV operators. We find strong evidence that controls were not anticipated to lower quality-adjusted cable rates. In addition, the uncertaintyof the policy led to substantially increased stock betas in some sectors.     

Still on hold? A retrospective analysis of competitive implications of the Telecommunication Act of 1996, on its 10th year anniversary

This study provides a retrospective analysis exploring competition in the US telecommunication industry, a decade after passage of the highly deregulatory Telecommunications Act of 1996. Using history as a guide, it reviews recent merger activity facilitated by the Act, profiles the present state of concentration in cable and telephony and explores prospects for cross-media competition permitted by the Act.     

Taxation by Regulation and Regulation by Taxation: The Case of Local Cable TV Regulation

Until late 1986, municipalities played a major role in cable television regulation.Municipalities not only regulated pricing and quality decisions but also taxed cablesystems in the forms of in-kind and in-cash concessions. These activities appear tofit well with the concept of taxation-by-regulation, which concludes that consumerwelfare is reduced because of the rent seeking behavior of local politicians. At thesame time however, the notion of regulation-by-taxation is equally plausible. Thatis, politicians may use taxation as a means to regulate the activity of a monopoly bylimiting monopoly rents and improving consumer welfare. This article empiricallyseparates these two effects and investigates the implications for consumer welfare.     

环境规制、技术创新与中国火电行业的效率提升

基于效率的视角,本文对2004年中国30个省(自治区、直辖市)火电行业的环境规制进行分析。首先利用三阶段DEA模型排除经营环境与统计噪音对中国火电行业效率的影响,然后从非规制、弱规制、强规制三个层次分析环境规制程度与中国火电行业效率的关系。实证结果表明,环境规制可以提升中国火电行业整体的效率水平,总体上存在技术创新激励效应,但并非适用各个地区。最后本文根据环境规制与技术效率的关系,将中国各地区火电行业的发展模式划分为内力驱动环境友好型、环境弱友好型和外力推动环境友好型三种,并给出各自适应的规制建议。     

基于产业链效率的煤电纵向规制模式研究

本文认为，我国煤电产业链受到内生的纵向外部性和外生的需求强波动性的影响．政府在对其制定规制政策时必须基于这两种特性。同时，在评价规制政策有效性时需要以产业链整体效率为基准。本文归纳了7种煤电纵向价格规制模式，并在此基础上提出了“基于产业链规制”的概念。我们认为，将对电价的规制延伸到对电煤价格的规制是现阶段我国煤电产业链价格规制的最优选择。这不仅可以解决煤炭纵向价格双轨制带来的矛盾，还有利于资源的有效利用。为确保规制延伸的有效性，本文还对相关辅助政策提出了建议。     

Cable and satellite TV in the UK and Europe: The emerging legal issues

The impact of satellite and cable TV on existing laws and regulatory frameworks will be considerable. This article reviews the impact on advertising, copyright protection, copyright licensing, programme content, rights of reception and distribution of television signals, and performers rights within the context of the UK, European and international contexts. Many problems exist and are unlikely to be resolved for some time.     

软件供给反垄断规制研究

论文探讨了在软件产品经营中存在的市场控制、标准锁定和捆绑销售等方面的垄断。首先,从广义价格机制理论分析限制软件市场控制型垄断的一般政策选择,即政府对软件市场的规制,应把重点放在创造竞争的环境上,让市场竞争去解决政府规制中难以解决的规制信息不对称、信息有意隐瞒与定价规制激励的难题。其次,分析标准性垄断和捆绑性垄断的经济学性质,指出政府对标准垄断规制应防止企业利用合理的标准垄断去施行有意的市场控制,对捆绑垄断应采取严格惩处企业单纯利用捆绑垄断来获得市场力量等规制措施。     

Regulation and Measuring Cost-Efficiency with Panel Data Models: Application to Electricity Distribution Utilities

This paper examines the performance of panel data models in measuring cost-efficiency of electricity distribution utilities. Different cost frontier models are applied to a sample of 59 utilities operating in Switzerland from 1988 to 1996. The estimated coefficients and inefficiency scores are compared across different specifications. The results indicate that while the average inefficiency is not sensitive to the econometric specification, the efficiency ranking varies significantly across models. The reasonably low out-of-sample prediction errors suggest that panel data models can be used as a prediction instrument in order to narrow the information gap between the regulator and regulated companies.     

规制分权化、组织合谋与制度效率--基于中国电力行业的实证研究

产业组织理论中关于规制合谋的研究分为芝加哥学派和图卢兹学派，研究结果均表明，规制机构与被规制企业之间的合谋行为降低了规制效率．降低了社会福利水平。文章主要研究中国当前规制分权化背景下的地方规制机构与被规制企业之间的合谋问题，并且用计量方法对规制的效果进行了检验．结果表明规制分权化没有显著的正面效应，即规制低效率。因此，规制分权化产生的合谋导致了规制低效率．而解决问题的关键是机制设计。     

《海底电缆地震资料采集技术规程》的编制和使用特点

对海底电缆地震采集技术作了简单介绍,论述了制定《海底电缆地震资料采集技术规程》的重要性、编制过程和使用特点,指出了该技术规程的不足之处。     

浅析转型后广电网络企业固定资产的管理

随着我国市场化进程不断加快,我国的广电网络纷纷由事业单位转型为现代企业进行运营。本文主要阐述了转型后广电网络企业在固定资产管理方面出现的一些问题,并提出相应的解决方法,同时简要阐述广电网络企业固定资产管理制度构建。     

中国汽车产业燃油经济性标准与诱导性技术创新研究

本文从汽车特征、汽油价格和燃油效率技术入手,探求我国近年来建立的燃油经济性管制对汽车制造企业的燃油经济性技术是否产生诱导性创新。通过建立理论模型,并运用结构方程模型的方法实证检验后发现：包括整车重量等在内的汽车特征对燃油经济性存在正向影响,同时,管制所诱导的燃油效率技术的创新也对燃油经济性提升具有正向影响。因此,汽车制造企业应对政府燃油经济性管制的途径除了考虑优化整车质量、功率/重量、变速器类型、车辆种类和排量等汽车传统特征这个途径外,还应着重考虑燃油效率技术的研发,当前,国内各大汽车制造企业均投入大量资源,研发新能源汽车即为明证。此外,我国汽油价格虽然对燃油经济性也具有正向影响,但微乎其微,这说明消费者考虑到汽油价格不断上涨,用车成本不断增加,也会给汽车制造企业和政府管制带来压力,迫使其从产业和市场的持续发展出发,做出一些思考与行动,只是这种作用在当前还体现得不够显著。     

最低质量标准政府规制研究

本文认为在信息不对称和产品差异化的前提下,存在政府最低质量标准规制的必要性和必然性,而最低质量标准“阈值”的设置会对社会福利产生关键性影响。在此基础上构建了国内最低质量标准对贸易的促进和国外最低质量标准对我出口影响的模型。实证检验发现：GB18401国内最低质量标准政府规制对出口纺织服装产生正向影响;国外（以日本《肯定列表制度》为例）政府最低质量标准规制对我国出口产生负向影响。     

Convergence and diversification in cable industry: An empirical analysis of the deployment pattern of cable telephony in US local telecommunications markets

The primary purpose of this study is to examine the deployment pattern of cable telephony in the US local telecommunications market. A model is established stressing that the size of local markets and the specific cost advantages of local cable systems are associated with the deployment of cable telephony by cable operators.     

环境规制、组织合法性与企业绿色创新

本文基于“波特假说”,以规制合法性、规范合法性和认知合法性为中介变量,探讨环境规制对企业绿色创新作用的内在机理,构建“环境规制-组织合法性-绿色创新绩效”的传导机制。通过利用中国A股上市公司2010~2020年的数据进行实证分析,结果发现:(1)环境规制与规制合法性之间呈U型曲线关系;(2)规制合法性和规范合法性在环境规制与绿色创新绩效的关系中发挥了(部分)中介作用,认知合法性的中介作用不显著;(3)环境规制对企业绿色创新绩效具有显著的促进作用,支持了“波特假说”。得到的管理启示是,当环境规制持续执行并逐渐完善时,政府应帮助企业建立环境组织合法性,使其争取在“双碳”目标这一时间窗口上获得机会和资源,将环境规制上升到组织伦理是“双碳”目标的有效实现路径。     

监管新规对我国商业银行的影响

2008年金融危机全面爆发后,我国实施了一系列新的监管制度,旨在控制潜在的风险。其主要内容是提高资本充足率、拨备率、限制贷款规模和速度,增加超额资本等。分析这些新的监管规则时发现,监管新规虽然能够抑制商业银行亲周期效应,提高银行体系的安全性;但也增加了商业银行的资本压力,削弱了其盈利能力。     

我国区域旅游业的经营效率测度及提升的实证研究

运用Fried et al．（2002）所提出的三阶段DEA分析方法,调整环境变量与随机干扰等因素的影响,对2008年我国31个省区旅游业的经营效率进行了实证分析。结果表明：排除了环境因素的影响以后,我国各地区旅游业的经营效率差距很大,而且普遍偏低;我国大部分地区的旅游业处于规模报酬递增状态,需要适度扩大规模来提升规模效率;各地区旅游业的纯技术效率都比较高,都在0．84以上。