华北电网践行节能环保责任

华北电网有限公司率先发布了《建设资源节约型环境友好型华北电网“十一五”工作纲要》，制定出“十一五”期间建设资源节约型环境友好型电网的发展战略，体现了电网企业勇于履行节能环保责任的决心和勇气。     

基于现代科技革命的适应性组织构建

现代科技革命形成与企业组织变迁的历程表明,科技变革必然引起企业组织的变迁,现代科技革命的综合化、高速化和智能化的特征对企业组织提出了新要求．企业成为适应新要求必须构建结构扁平化、性能柔性化和运行开放化的适应性组织,其内部表现是以职能部门为基础的静态组织结构与以项目组为中心的动态组织结构并存的矩形网状运行模式,其外部表现是价值网络运行模式。     

Technology Commercialization in Road Infrastructure: How Government Affects the Variation and Appropriability of Technology

Successful technology commercialization is important for business profitability, and government policies can help or hinder firms' success. As a regulator, government affects standard setting and the nature and scope of property rights. As a sponsor, government can empower technology commercialization by its financial support of new technology. As a first user, government can significantly enhance the chances of successful technology commercialization. And as a buyer, government accounts for a substantial part of the world economy. Previous research on government's roles in technology commercialization mainly addressed the effects of specific roles. However, there is little understanding about the combined impact of these roles on technology commercialization. This article develops a conceptual model to analyze the combined effect of these roles on technology development projects. This model is based on a review of the literature on large technical systems, technological regimes, and technology policy that enabled this study on government's diverse roles in technology commercialization. To refine the conceptual model, an in‐depth analysis of three technology development projects was conducted. The empirical findings are drawn from road infrastructure. In that sector, government is the dominant customer and first user of most new technologies. Therefore, government has to create a market for those technologies and strongly affects their viability. This research has produced several major results. First, the developed model is the first to conceptualize the relevant relationships between the various roles of government in technology commercialization. Second, this study has shown that government's behavior as a regulator and sponsor conflicts with its preferences as a buyer and user. Consequently, the support of and demand for new technology is inconsistent and uncoordinated, leaving firms with significant uncertainties in assessing market opportunities. Third, the dominant position of government as a buyer in road infrastructure weakens the effectiveness of intellectual property rights. Fourth, existing studies on technology for partially public goods are mainly historical accounts, and only a few are empirical studies on innovation processes. This study provides an in‐depth analysis of the development and commercialization of technology for partially public goods. This article concludes with policy implications and suggestions for future research. An important policy implication is that government could improve technology commercialization by either stimulating the commercialization of various competing technologies or developing various competing products based on the same technology. A central issue for future research is how firms can involve government in its diverse roles in technology commercialization. Most of the existing research on customer involvement deals with consumer and business‐to‐business markets. A better understanding of government involvement could help firms to overcome the impediments they face in dealing with government.     

Mobility, Residential Location and the American Dream: The Intrametropolitan Geography of Minority Homeownership

This article applies data from Washington, DC, Chicago and Los Angeles to estimate three-level nested multinomial logit models of household mobility, residential location and homeownership tenure choice. Model simulation indicates that shocks to income can significantly elevate the homeownership attainment of minority households; however, their urban settlement and homeownership patterns remain substantially more concentrated than those of whites. Simulated equilibration of black economic status with that of whites results in an approximate doubling of homeownership rates among black movers to central city areas. In contrast, homeownership rates among black movers to suburban and outlying areas lag far behind those of whites.     

The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More by Chris Anderson

Books reviewed in this issue:

• ▪

  The Long Tail: Why the Future of Business Is Selling Less of More

       
  
  

Innovation in the Systems Business: Dynamics of Autonomy and Cooperation

Even though the many hardware and software components that comprise a useful computer system are developed and offered as individual products, the required technical integration of these provides unique challenges for R&D management. New function, especially that provided by software, usually results from prototypes that are not well integrated with the existing product line. This article examines the problems of managing the conflicting demands of market-based autonomy and systems requirements for integration. The idea about software innovation is an interesting complement to the two articles that follow.     

The Evolution and Restructuring of Diversified Business Groups in Emerging Markets: The Lessons from Chaebols in Korea

This paper proposes an evolutionary model of business groups in emerging economies by tracing the evolution and restructuring of business groups in Korea. Underlying our model are two theoretical premises: (1) the value-creation potential of business group diversification depends on the quality of the economic institutions supporting the economy; and (2) the strategy-structure fit is a key determinant of diversified business groups' performance. Combining these two premises, we link business group evolution with institutional context, sources of competitive advantages, diversification strategy, and structure. To illustrate our theoretical arguments, we provide an overview of the evolution of chaebols in Korea and examine the restructuring of two major business groups, LG and Hyundai Motor. We conclude by discussing implications for management, public policy, and future research.     

Smart World: Breakthrough Creativity and the New Science of Ideas by Richard Ogle and The Medici Effect: What Elephants & Epidemics Can Teach Us about Innovation by Frans Johansson

As Ruediger Klein leads off in this group of reviews, "Innovation is everywhere—or so it seems." Most of these reviews center on idea generation and processing. It will be interesting to see if—as Klein forecasts—this is indeed the decade of innovation and creativity.
In the next issue, we will try to be more balanced—or we may get even more creative!
Books reviewed in this issue:

• ▪

  Smart World: Breakthrough Creativity and the New Science of Ideas
• ▪

  The Medici Effect: What Elephants & Epidemics Can Teach Us about Innovation
• ▪

  Getting to Innovation: How Asking the Right Questions Generates the Great Ideas Your Company Needs
• ▪

  Hidden in Plain Sight
• ▪

  Human Factors in Project Management
• ▪

  The Fast Path to Corporate Growth: Leveraging Knowledge and Technologies to New Market Applications

     

“科技兴贸”:世纪的召唤

以知识经济的出现和全球经济一体化为前提 ,从科技兴贸的内涵分析入手 ,指出了科技兴贸是国际发展大趋势 ,更是河北向贸易强省跨越的唯一选择 ,分析了河北科技兴贸的现状、机遇和挑战 ,明确了新的发展思路 ,提出了针对性和可操作性较强的措施。     

Business service networks and their process of emergence: The case of the Health Cluster Portugal

Business services have been receiving increasing attention from academics, practitioners and policy-makers. Despite the growing interest, this field of research suffers from several limitations: it draws mostly on services marketing theory, and it is grounded mostly in monadic and dyadic studies. This paper contributes to the advance of business services research by addressing these limitations with regard to a specific service-related issue. We carry out an interdisciplinary study by integrating among others an industrial network approach (INA) into the services area, and we thus develop the research at a network level by adopting a services network perspective; furthermore, the study is carried out in a business-to-business context by looking into a health cluster: the Health Cluster Portugal. The article addresses one particular aspect of business services networks: their emergence. We propose a conceptual framework that draws on process-based research and integrates theories from other bodies of research, allowing a rich understanding of how a business service network is created. Our findings point to discontinuities along the emergence of such networks, showing that there is an iterative process underlying their formation, with different theories playing a predominant explanatory role at different stages. This paper contributes to the wider body of literature on services research by promoting the integration of the INA and other process-related approaches in the area of business services networks, and also provides practitioners and policy-makers with a structured framework to understand how an intentional ‘bottom–up’ business service network may be created or orchestrated.     

How Information Technology Assimilation Promotes Exploratory and Exploitative Innovation in the Small‐ and Medium‐Sized Firm Context: The Role of Contextual Ambidexterity and Knowledge Base

This research sheds new light on how information technology (IT) assimilation affects exploratory and exploitative innovation in the context of small‐ and medium‐sized firms (SMEs). This contextualization is important in establishing the boundary conditions for the theory, as well as generating specific managerial insights for SME managers. A sample of 248 U.K.‐based SMEs in the manufacturing industry demonstrates contextual ambidexterity (CA) mediates the relationship between IT assimilation and two types of innovation. This finding highlights that IT assimilation does not automatically promote innovation. Instead, IT assimilation represents a critical resource that enables the effective implementation of CA, which in turn affects innovation. This implies that SMEs cannot fully realize the potential of their IT assimilation and use it to enable innovation without implementing CA. Furthermore, this study differentiates between two different dimensions of knowledge base: knowledge breadth and knowledge depth. This study finds that knowledge breadth moderates the indirect IT assimilation–exploratory innovation relationship by influencing the effect of CA on exploratory innovation. Knowledge depth, on the other hand, moderates the indirect IT assimilation–exploitative innovation relationship by influencing the effect of CA on exploitative innovation. This finding implies that SMEs can benefit from their IT assimilation that enables them to engage in CA, which in turn allows them to perform innovation. However, it is apparent that the dimension of knowledge that SMEs hold internally can determine what types of innovation that they are able to perform.     

节能减排：电力主旋律2007

节能减排是当前全国经济工作的一项关键任务，电力行业处于突出的位置； 电力行业落实节能减排有三大主要任务：改进发电调度方式、关停小火电机组和加大脱硫力度； 改进发电调度方式是电力行业节能减排的主要环节； 国家对于关停小火电机组的指导思想正在发生重要转变； “十一五”期间，电力行业已成为削减二氧化硫排放的主战场。     

Business networking and innovation of Asian enterprises in Western countries: The moderation of institutional distance

This study advances extant cross-nation and cross-cultural business-to-business (B2B) supply chain literature by exploring the contingent effect of institutional distance in the business networking-innovation relationship. Unlike previous studies largely based on Western firms operating in the developing economies, this study focuses on Asian firms operating in the Western developed market. By examining the experiences of one hundred and sixty Asian B2B firms operating in New Zealand, this study finds that formal institutional distance positively moderates the effect of business networking on innovation whereas informal institutional distance negatively moderates the effect of business networking on innovation. This study provides new theoretical conceptualizations and perspectives to cross-national and cross-cultural B2B supply chain research.