Implications of the US Tax Reform for Transatlantic FDI

On 22 December 2017 President Trump signed the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. This corporate tax reform can be considered the most significant amendment of the US corporate tax code since 1986. Besides the reduction of the corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21%, the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act entails features like a switch from worldwide income taxation to territorial taxation, as well as immediate deductions for certain assets. This leads to a substantial improvement for the US in global tax competition. In this paper, we analyse the effects of the US tax reform on FDI flows between Europe and the US. We find that European high-tax countries in particular will suffer from a net outflow of FDI.     

FDI in Chinese Cities: Spillovers and Impact on Growth

This study reconsiders the question of impact of FDI on growth performance. We rely on a dataset of Chinese cities between 1990 and 2002 to investigate the effects of FDI in the traditional growth regression framework using the GMM estimator for dynamic panels. Our growth model incorporates an explicit consideration of spatial dependence effects in the form of spatially lagged income and FDI. Our results reveal that Chinese cities take advantage not only of FDI flows received locally but also of FDI flows received by their neighbours.     

In search of spatial interdependence of US outbound FDI in the MENA region

The paper investigates the spatial interdependence of US MNE investments in the MENA region. Given the variations in resource endowments, governance structures and degree of infrastructure availability in MENA countries, one would expect these variables to affect an MNE 's choice of FDI location. We do find that domestic non‐spatial factors such as own country inflation and governance measured by bureaucratic quality as well as infrastructure affect a host country's inward FDI . We also found that only one measure of natural resource endowment; that is, oil and gas exports were instrumental in attracting FDI . This non‐spatial result is generally robust and invariant to the two methodologies employed in this study, that is the spatially autoregressive (SAR ) model and the spatial Durbin model (SDM ). We found that neighbouring countries’ infrastructure availability measured either by “electricity used” or “energy used” affected FDI inflows in a host country. However, this spatial impact was found only in the SDM model. The spatial effects of neighbouring countries’ economic and political conditions and resource endowments were, however, not observed on a host country's inward FDI . The insignificance of both the surrounding market potential and the spatially weighted FDI suggests a purely horizontal motive of MNE investments in the MENA region.     

中国企业技术获取型海外直接投资理论与实践

传统的"贸易窗口型"或"制造基地型"海外直接投资已不适应于中国开放经济条件下内外均衡的要求,开展技术获取型海外直接投资将有助于提升我国企业在全球价值链的竞争优势,应成为我国对外资本输出的主流。文章提出了技术获取型海外直接投资"MAL优势论",并结合中国企业实践进行分析,从而提出对策建议。     

Spatial Interdependence in US Outward FDI into Africa,Latin America and the Caribbean

The existing literature on spatial interdependence in FDI flows has primarily focused on developed economies as hosts, with these hosts economically tied together via good infrastructure and historically strong/significant trade flows. In contrast, we explicitly test for the presence of spatial interdependence in developing hosts (Africa, Latin American and the Caribbean) where such ties are not as strong. For US outbound FDI between 1995 and 2007, our empirical results confirm third‐country effects do matter even when controlling for spatial and time‐period fixed effects. Based on the signs of the market potential and spatial lag coefficients, we find US FDI strategies into these regions as consistent with complex vertical specialisation.     

基于中国FDI的空间计量分析

八十年代以来,随着国际直接投资(FDI)的迅速增长,很多学者便开始将研究的目光放在了国际直接投资上。但总体上说来大部分关于国际直接投资的实证文献主要是基于投资国和受资国的双边联系,而对第三方在这种关系中的作用和扮演的角色,没有进行相应的探讨。本文借用基于面板数据的空间计量模型方法,从地区之间的空间关系的视角考察了中国地区之间在国际直接投资上互相影响的模式,并分析了形成这种空间作用模式的原因。     

我国石油企业的国际竞争力及对外直接投资策略

我国石油企业开展对外直接投资活动是拓展生存空间,提高国际竞争力的必然选择,也是解决国内油气资源供求矛盾的迫切需要。本文利用因子分析方法,采用相关指标构造了石油企业综合竞争力指数,实证研究表明和国外大石油公司相比我国石油企业的竞争力还存在一定差距,但在油气勘探、开采等上游环节具有规模和技术优势。石油企业应将对外直接投资的重点集中在油气勘探、开采等上游环节,通过与东道国石油公司或跨国石油公司合作开展对外直接投资。     

我国中小型企业对外直接投资的经济学思考

无论按照对外直接投资理论,还是从我国的实际出发,中小型企业作为外经贸领域的一支生力军,应当成为实施“走出去”战略的积极实践者。或将某些正在逐步丧失比较优势的劳动密集型产业转移到国外,规避激烈的市场竞争和越来越多的反倾销诉讼,使比较优势得以继续保持;或到发达国家跟踪先进技术,将静态比较优势动态化,形成跨越式发展,积极促进国内产业结构的调整     

美在华直接投资对中美贸易不平衡的影响

本文利用美在华直接投资和中美贸易的相关数据通过协整检验并构建误差修正模型,较为清晰地说明中美贸易不平衡问题在很大程度上是由美在华直接投资所引致并扩大,这种引致过程主要通过美在华投资企业加工贸易返销美国造成。实质上体现了国际产业结构演进的必然结果,中美贸易不平衡的局面会作为投资贸易一体化趋势下的全球各国经济关系中的重要现象而长期存在。同时,这种贸易不平衡局面会在中国经济各方面快速发展的一个相对长期的过程中趋于平衡。     

中国逆向型FDI决定因素的实证分析

发展中国家地区流向发达国家地区的逆向型FDI不是基于产业技术与管理的所有权优势,而是以本国产业比较成本优势为基础的获取战略资源为目标的投资。对中国大陆逆向型FDI的实证研究表明:出口倾向、技术研发水平差距、华人数量等因素与中国逆向型FDI成正相关,而进口倾向、劳动生产率差距、距离等因素与逆向型FDI成负相关。研究还表明,中国当前的逆向型FDI的主要战略目标是促进出口和获得先进技术,验证了理论界提出的出口促进型FDI、学习型FDI或技术获取型FDI的理论假设。     

外国直接投资与我国二元就业结构转型

外国直接投资(FDI)对我国经济发展的积极作用之一是促进我国二元就业结构的转型。作用的发挥依赖于FDI与进出口贸易一体化的格局。本文以长江三角洲地区为案例实证检验了FDI促进我国二元就业结构转型的力度。农业劳动力跨区域转移是我国二元就业结构转型的特有轨迹,本文揭示了FDI区域集中与这一特有轨迹的关系。     

中国服务业FDI资本效应及进入壁垒影响分析

通过对1997～2008年时间序列数据和2004～2008年面板数据计量分析得出,中国服务业FDI总体上具有资本挤入效应,但存在行业开放度和开放时段差异,即外资进入壁垒对中国服务业FDI资本效应具有重要影响:进入壁垒越低,FDI挤入效应越显著;进入壁垒越高,FDI挤入效应越弱,甚至具有挤出效应。     

生产服务业FDI对中国制造业竞争力的影响研究

生产服务业的发展相对滞后,难以满足制造业升级转型和中国经济持续发展的需要。在开放经济条件下,以发展生产服务业为切入点思考如何利用外资充分发挥生产服务业的作用,提升国内制造业竞争力是文章研究的重点。文章主要采用中国25个省(市、自治区)1999～2010年的数据进行动态GMM估计结果进行经验检验,并提出了相应的政策建议。     

中国石油企业的竞争优势及对外直接投资策略

中国石油企业开展对外直接投资是拓展生存空间、谋求竞争优势的必然选择,也是解决国内油气资源供求矛盾的迫切需要.运用波特"钻石模型"的分析结果表明中国石油企业在油气勘探、开采等上游环节具有规模和技术优势.石油企业应将对外直接投资的重点集中在油气勘探、开采等上游环节,通过与东道国石油公司或跨国石油公司合作开展对外直接投资,也应加快石油行业市场化改革、转变石油企业经营机制.     

外商在华零售投资:新趋势及对若干争议的新解

2008年以来,外商在我国零售业的投资在规模和空间布局等方面呈现出新的特点和动向,引发了业界关于外资迅速扩张是否会造成零售业被外资控制、外资企业是否会抢占内资零售业优势资源等争议性话题,文章分别使用省际面板数据、地区面板数据、业态面板数据,实证分析了外资扩张对内资零售企业的影响。研究表明,整体而言,外商在我国零售业投资的加速扩张,并没有挤占内资零售企业的优势资源,外资零售企业市场份额的扩大并没有对内资零售企业构成明显的就业挤出效应。内资零售企业在面对外资零售企业迅速扩张以及由此带来的竞争压力时,应着力通过跨地区并购、跨行业并购、自愿连锁、内资并购外资等方式壮大自身规模,实现优势资源的重组,发挥规模效应,同时需要反思内资零售业目前联营模式过多、自营模式过少的弊端,通过提高自采比例、培育自有品牌等方式提升核心竞争力。     

外国直接投资对中国国内投资的影响:挤入还是挤出?

在开放经济条件下,外国直接投资(FDI)对东道国国内资本的形成具有重要影响,这表现在FDI对国内投资的挤入(挤出)效应上。本文利用Fry(1995)的模型对1990年至2004年FDI对我国国内投资的影响进行了实证分析。分析结果表明,从总体上来看,FDI对我国国内投资具有显著的挤入效应;在东部不同省份存在明显的挤入或挤出效应;在中部不同省份存在一定程度的挤入效应或效应不确定、不明显;在西部部分省份存在挤出效应,多数省份效应不明显。     

FDI entry mode choice of Chinese firms: A strategic behavior perspective

This study investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) entry mode choice between a wholly owned subsidiary and a joint venture by Chinese firms that invest overseas. We argue that the FDI entry mode choice of a Chinese firm is primarily influenced by the variables related to the firm's strategic fit in host industry and its strategic intent of conducting FDI. Using survey data of a sample of 138 Chinese firms, the results suggest that a Chinese firm prefers wholly owned subsidiary entry mode when it adopts a global strategy, faces severe host industry competition, and emphasizes assets seeking purposes in its FDI. A joint venture is preferred when the firm is investing in a high growth host market.     

FDI decisions and business-group insider control: Evidence from Taiwanese group-affiliated firms investing in the Chinese market

Based on resource-dependence theory, three hypotheses are developed and tested regarding the negative relationship between equity stakes in group-affiliated firms held by business-group headquarters and (1) the slack resources of group-affiliated firms, (2) the products of group-affiliated firms that are similar to those of the business-group headquarters, and (3) the human capital of group-affiliated firms. OLS regressions are used to test the hypotheses on a sample of existing group-affiliates of 218 business-groups entering the China market to establish a new affiliate, including 1015 observations during the 2004–2011 period. This study points to a new avenue for research on international business and business-group literature regarding ownership relations between group-affiliated firms and business-group headquarters.     

FDI是否提升了本土企业出口产品质量

本文研究外资对本土企业出口产品质量的影响方向和影响渠道.研究发现:本土企业与外资企业产品质量差距扩大;外资通过生产效率、研发效率、竞争效应等渠道降低本土企业出口产品质量,通过缓解融资约束、广告效率渠道提升本土企业出口产品质量;外资企业数目增加会提升本土企业出口产品质量,但外资企业出口强度增加会降低本土企业出口产品质量;总体来看,外资不利于本土企业出口产品质量的提升.