绿色营销——21世纪的营销主流

当前绿色营销受到了包括企业在内的全社会的关注,并将成为21世纪的营销主流。本文拟就绿色营销的涵义、实施的必要性、发展的障碍以及对策谈一些看法。     

绿色营销——21世纪的营销

当今世界在向可持续发展方向转变 ,众多企业亦开始从传统营销向绿色营销演变。可持续发展是世界各国发展的必然抉择 ,绿色营销则是企业实施可持续发展战略的重要方面 ,并将成为 2 1世纪的营销主流。     

21世纪营销战略大转移:向农村市场进军

农村是最具有潜力的消费市场,向农村市场进军将成为企业发展的一个极其重要的突破口。     

绿色营销——21世纪营销发展的新趋势

上世纪90年代世界资本主义经济快速发展,伴随经济增长的是资源浪费与短缺、环境污染的生态恶化问题,由此理论界提出了风糜全球绿色营销。树立绿色营销观念,开发绿色产品,开拓绿色市场,已成为21世纪企业营销发展的新趋势。     

感性营销：21世纪商战致胜法宝

所谓感性营销,就是指企业的营销活动情感化,即既要研制开发出富有人情味的产品（或服务）,又要采用情感化的促销手段。开发感性商品,一要细分市场,深消费者心理,搞好分门别类的感性设计;二要给商品起个好名字;三要善于诱导消费,引导需求,创造市场,采用情感化促销手段,首先要设计好广告用语,其次要做到于微细处见真情,感性营销一要注意对消费者的感情投入把握好“度”,二要树立做活生意的营销理念。     

会员制营销:21世纪的新兴营销模式

本文在分析会员制营销概念的基础上,从培养客户忠诚度、建造CRM、建立有效的交叉销售三个方面,探讨了会员制营销对企业带来的战略影响,表明会员制营销作为一种模式与理念值得引起我们的关注。     

口碑营销:21世纪企业营销新理念

当巨额的广告费用和消费者日渐淡漠的反应困扰着企业,传统营销方式的效力逐步降低之际,口碑营销作为一种低成本、高效力的营销手段,其价值和影响力正日益受到企业的认可和重视。本文首先对口碑营销的涵义和特点进行概括,然后就企业实施口碑营销的具体方式进行归纳,最后阐述了企业在实施口碑营销时应注意的问题。     

21世纪营销展望

21世纪是以信息产业为主导的知识经济时代。信息化将使传统的营销方式被新型的营销方式如知识营销、网络营销、绿色营销、关系营销等所代替。创造性的营销将成为21世纪的核心战略。     

知识营销——21世纪的营销

随着知识经济时代的到来 ,由于营销环境、产品及方式的变化 ,一种全新的营销%D%D知识营销将应运而生。根据知识营销的特点 ,在 2 1世纪采取“学习营销”、网络营销和绿色营销等方式 ,才能适应新经济时代的发展。     

利率市场化:商业银行应加强利率风险管理

利率市场化条件下 ,我国商业银行的经营管理环境将发生不同以往的变化 ,在这种形势下 ,我国商业银行目前的利率风险管理水平会受到严峻的挑战。作者从分析银行主要存在的利率风险种类及成因入手 ,结合我国商业银行的利率管理现状 ,对加强我国商业银行的利率管理工作提出了一些见解。     

The impact of technology on the Arab communication style and culture: Implications for marketing

‘Culture is communication and communication is culture,’ as Hall (1976, Beyond culture, Garden City, NY: Anchor Books, Doubleday) reminds us. The main purpose of this paper was to assess the impact of technology on the Arab communication style. The Internet is a unique environment with particular characteristics that might cause shifts in people's communication styles. The setting/context of online communication is very different from face-to-face communication and thus assumptions about communication styles need to be reexamined. The data analysis indicates that significant changes to the Arab culture are taking place and these changes are likely to have an impact on marketing practices in the region.     

Developing a Leadership-Rich Culture: The Missing Link to Creating a Market-Focused Organization

Much has been written about the need for organizations to be more market-focused. Authors have addressed a myriad of constructs which promote the realization of the marketing concept. This article examines leadership and its development in the context of creating a market-focused organization. It links the areas of leadership development, leadership skills, and internal customer culture to the strategy development process. The emphasis in a leadership-rich culture is on the relationships between leaders, followers, and customers. This idea parallels existing thought in the relationship marketing literature touting the benefits of relationships in buyer-seller partnerships and network structures. In addition, this article offers a leadership deployment process to create a market-focused organization from top to bottom.     

Historical research in marketing theory and practice: a review essay

Abstract

This paper reviews 30 years of interdisciplinary scholarship that deals with marketing history or the history of marketing thought. We have ranged across the humanities and social sciences to review the very best scholarship that these domains have produced which speaks to issues likely to concern the readers of the Journal of Marketing Management (JMM). These domains include: the history of marketing management, history of market research, history of market segmentation, product management history, retailing and channels history, promotion history, advertising history, the history of marketing thought, and marketing and the management of subjectivity, among others. Given obvious page limitations we have nevertheless tried to appeal to the paradigmatic span of the readers of the JMM. With this in mind, we have critically reviewed material that will be of interest to managerially oriented academics, as well as those who subscribe to consumer culture theoretics and critical marketing studies.     

21世纪中国老年消费市场解读

人口结构变迁衍生的老龄化问题已成为21世纪人类发展的核心主题之一,老年消费市场孕育着巨大的商机与潜力。本文揭示了人口老龄化给中国老年消费市场带来的冲击,澄清了关于老年消费者异质性的一些基本特征,并对中国老年消费市场营销实践的未来方向进行了前瞻。     

Contractual Satisfaction: The Polish and Tanzanian Perspectives

Purpose: Interfirm satisfaction has been studied at the aggregate level, which has limited use in terms of understanding specific dimensions. Contractual satisfaction relates to the specific level of analyzing interfirm satisfaction. This study contributes towards understanding contractual satisfaction and the contextual nature of the concept. To achieve the latter, two heterogeneous emerging markets were used (Poland and Tanzania).

Methodology: The study was conducted in Poland and Tanzania, focusing on manufacturing firms. The sample included 201 Polish firms and 240 Tanzanian firms.

Findings: The major findings suggest that ex ante costs and ex post specifications have a significant positive effect on contractual satisfaction, with a stronger effect in Poland. Behavioral uncertainty has a significant moderating effect on these two constructs in Tanzania but not in Poland, whereas the moderating effect of trust is found to be significantly positive in Poland but negative in Tanzania.

Research Implications: The nature of markets and institutions has an influence on business to business relations.

Practical Implications: Contractual satisfaction is not homogeneous across markets; managers should pay attention to specific contextual factors such as institutions and the stage they are at in their transformation.

Originality: The study looks specifically at contractual satisfaction and extends the contractual governance literature by considering heterogeneous emerging markets.     

Personal interviews in cultural consumer research – post‐structuralist challenges

This paper takes a post‐structuralist perspective on consumer research and discusses the role of personal interviews in cultural analysis. It problematizes the use of the phenomenological interview in cultural consumer research, arguing that the underlying research paradigm, existential‐phenomenology, is not necessarily adequate for cultural analysis because it focuses attention primarily on the individual and the first‐person experience. Such a paradigmatic perspective is problematic because it tends to sustain a view of human agency that is highly individualistic and thus fails to account for the cultural complexity of social action. Overall, the paper contributes to the further development of the post‐structuralist approaches to postmodern marketing thought. Post‐structuralist ideas and assumptions challenge the central principles of modern marketing and consumer research in many ways and it is the aim of the paper to contribute to a better understanding of the methodological implications that they entail.     

Opinion leadership vs. para-social relationship: Key factors in influencer marketing

The literature on influencer marketing has identified opinion leadership of influencers and parasocial relationship with influencers as two focal constructs affecting followers' purchase intention; yet they are only studied in isolation. This research aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the effects of the two key constructs by combining and comparing them in a model with the moderators of post characteristics, namely post type and correspondent inference. Empirical results from 409 online followers of two Instagram accounts confirm the complementary effects of opinion leadership and parasocial relationship in influencer marketing and reveal the more prominent role of parasocial relationship over opinion leadership in affecting followers’ purchase intention. These effects are moderated by post characteristics. Storytelling posts intensify both effects. Correspondent inference enhances the effect of parasocial relationship, but not that of opinion leadership. These findings point to the importance of the social aspect of influencer marketing and inform the influencer marketing research and practice on “who says what” for improving communication effectiveness.     

The Importance of Fashion: The Chinese and U.S. Gen Y Perspective

ABSTRACT

A cross-cultural study is conducted to examine the perceptions, needs, preferences, influences and fashion buying habits of Generation Y consumers in both China and the United States. Chinese consumers appear to be more fashion-conscious in that the majority of their luxury purchases are fashion products. In this increasingly globalized world, it is important for a fashion marketer to determine if one strategy can be used to reach all Generation Y consumers or if separate strategies are necessary. Specifically, this study examines fashion leadership, need for uniqueness, and attention to social comparison information to determine if there are differences between these two cohorts and how best to reach them.     

Editorial introduction: Advances in theory and practice of digital marketing

This special issue of the Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services aims to bring together a variety of disciplines and a scholarly community for the advancement of knowledge regarding practice and research related to digital and social media marketing. Accordingly, the special issue includes papers using a variety of theories, research methods, contexts, and conceptualizations to enrich our understanding of digital and social media marketing from consumer and practitioner perspectives. The thirteen articles accepted for inclusion in this special issue are summarised in this editorial introduction.