促进企业自主创新的税收激励政策研究

当前我国大多数企业仍处于自主创新的初级阶段,税收政策在促进企业自主创新方面虽然发挥了一定作用,但仍处于较低层次,与发达国家相比还存在很大差距。我国应进一步完善促进企业自主创新的税收政策体系,在符合我国自主创新战略要求和顺应税制改革趋势下,遵从WTO规则,突出国家产业政策的导向,综合使用各种税收激励措施,并能防止税收激励措施的滥用。     

我国慈善捐赠的税收激励制度研究

当今,通过鼓励企业捐赠来促进慈善事业的发展已成为众多国家积极采用的方法。本文通过对我国慈善事业的现行的税收激励政策和存在的不足进行分析,对税前可扣除比例、税收激励政策的程序简化等方面进行深入研究,提出了相应的改进措施,为我国慈善事业的税收激励政策评估与体制健全提供参考。     

OECD国家激励研发支出的税收政策及借鉴

研究与开发活动对经济增长、社会进步以及综合国力的提高具有非常重要的作用,OECD国家采取了多种税收优惠措施激励企业增加研究与开发支出,这些税收优惠的形式主要包括税款递延、加计扣除和税收抵免.这些税收措施促进了OECD国家的技术进步和科技发展.我国应借鉴OECD国家激励研究与开发支出的税收政策,完善我国的税收政策.     

ODI与我国企业所得税激励政策

税收激励是促进我国对外直接投资发展的重要税收政策手段。但是我国的现行对外直接投资企业所得税激励政策存在诸多问题,如政策导向性弱、避免国际重复征税的措施不健全等。在借鉴国外激励对外直接投资的税收政策基础上,我们提出明确ODI税收政策的区域和产业导向,进一步完善消除国际双重征税的措施等建议,以优化我国对外直接投资企业所得税激励政策。     

促进我国经济结构服务化的税收激励政策分析

我国服务业发展潜力巨大,但目前经济结构服务化进程仍较缓慢。鉴于税收激励政策在促进一国经济结构服务化过程中不可或缺的重要作用,本文结合我国实际进行分析,提出我国应在确定税收激励目标和重点的基础上,进一步完善生产性服务业的税收激励机制、发展生活性服务业的税收激励机制并调整服务业税收优惠政策的手段和环节。     

论我国税收激励制度的完善

税收激励主要通过收益调节、现金流量的可获性和风险分担这三种方式发挥其作用。我国目前的税收激励的主要不足在于，缺乏一种系统的、一以贯之的政策取向。从知识经济的大背景看，完善我国的税收激励制度应紧紧围绕促进科技创新这一主线来进行。     

软件业税收激励政策效应研究——基于浙江省软件业发展的实证分析

国务院于2000年发布实施的<鼓励软件产业和集成电路产业发展的若干政策>,对于促进我国软件业的快速发展具有重大意义.从税收视角探析这一政策措施,可以看到我国现行软件税收激励政策尚存在一定的问题.应从加快政策立法进程、建立统一管理机制等方面入手,完善我国的软件税收激励政策.     

台湾地区激励创新的税收政策评析

我国台湾地区自上世纪五、六十年代开始便积极运用税收政策工具推动企业科技创新,通过1960年制定《奖励投资条例》、1990年在此基础上修订颁布《促进产业升级条例》及其后多次修订,目前已形成一套比较系统全面的促进企业创新的税收激励制度,在税收激励方式和政策选择上具有较显著特点,特别是其重视对企业人才培训投资和先进技术购置等方面的税收激励,可供大陆借鉴。     

借鉴日本经验 完善我国对外直接投资税收激励政策北大核心CSSCI

促进企业对外直接投资(OFDI)有助于加快我国经济转型升级、释放经济增长新动能。二十世纪六十至八十年代,日本曾利用税收激励政策,鼓励企业对外投资,成功输出国内过剩资本和过剩产能,以丰厚的海外利润助力国内经济中高速增长,缓解泡沫破灭对日本经济造成的巨大冲击。本文借鉴日本税收激励的经验,提出了完善我国对外投资税收激励政策的建议,旨在对促进企业对外直接投资、推进供给侧结构性改革提供借鉴。     

税收饶让与延期纳税对ODI作用的比较研究

税收饶让与延期纳税对ODI的作用问题,一直是跨国投资研究的重要课题。实证检验分析的结果表明,税收饶让能弥补我国在抵免法下ODI激励不足的状况,但与同样实行抵免法却不提供饶让的美国相比,未体现出优势。究其原因,延期纳税对ODI也存在一定的激励作用。通过分析比较税收饶让与延期纳税的作用机理,我国现阶段促进ODI的税收政策重点应放在税收饶让上。     

Debt and Taxes and Uncertainty

With a graduated personal tax schedule, Miller showed that there could be an equilibrium debt supply for the corporate sector as a whole. In the presence of uncertainty there is also a unique debt/equity ratio for each individual firm, and this ratio is related to the firm's operational risk characteristics. However, if firms merge and spin off in response to tax incentives, the identity of firms is ambiguous and only the corporate sector is a meaningful construct. These arguments are developed in both discrete and continuous models that employ extensions of the arbitrage-free pricing theory.     

教育与资本怎样的前景怎样的现实

来自政府的声音: "动员各种社会资源,发展教育" 此次论坛上财政部长助理张少春的发言是最受关注的发言之一.他的演讲传达出的信息有这样几方面:第一,谈到现实,他认为全社会对教育的巨大需求与我国公共投入不足已成为我国教育事业发展的突出矛盾.近年来,以公共部门投入为主,多渠道筹措教育经费的教育投入机制成为解决这一问题的重要途径,也使得公共部门与私营部门在教育领域的合作日益密切.第二,谈到前景,他认为,1.中国经济持续、快速的增长对高技能人才产生巨大的需求,这为私营部门的参与提供了广阔空间.2.随着公共财政职能的不断完善,财政资金将在各项教育事业中重新进行分配,进一步优化财政支出结构,提高资金的使用效率.在"十一五"期间,我国将把公共支出的重点转移到农村.我们将逐步把全体农村适龄儿童的义务教育全部纳入公共财政体制.     

Director gender and mergers and acquisitions

Does director gender influence CEO empire building? Does it affect the bid premium paid for target firms? Less overconfident female directors less overestimate merger gains. As a result, firms with female directors are less likely to make acquisitions and if they do, pay lower bid premia. Using acquisition bids by S&P 1500 companies during 1997–2009 we find that each additional female director is associated with 7.6% fewer bids, and each additional female director on a bidder board reduces the bid premium paid by 15.4%. Our findings support the notion that female directors help create shareholder value through their influence on acquisition decisions. We also discuss other possible interpretations of our findings.     

Political corruption and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between political corruption and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that local corruption increases firm acquisitiveness but decreases firm targetiveness. The levels of corruption in acquirer areas relate positively to the bid premiums and negatively to the likelihood of deal completion. Corruption motivates acquiring firms to use excess cash for payment, which mitigates the negative effect of corruption on acquirer shareholder value. The evidence indicates that acquisitions help acquiring firms convert cash into hard-to-extract assets and relocate assets from the high to low corruption areas, thereby shielding their liquid assets from expropriation by local officials.     

Trust and cross-border mergers and acquisitions

A number of studies suggest that social trust matters for investment. Using different measures of trust from World Values Survey, we show that countries where people display higher levels of trust engage in more cross-border M&A activities. When they do, these acquirers pay lower premiums. To the extent that these acquirers also tend to engage in larger acquisitions as well, our findings suggest that a larger selection pool of potential targets and higher value targets enable these acquirers to negotiate for lower premiums. We do not find evidence of the significant effect for target country trust levels. Hence, trust may benefit those acquiring firms in cross-border transactions.     

Tournament-based incentives and mergers and acquisitions

This research examines the relation between tournament-based incentives, which are proxied by the difference between a firm's CEO pay and the median pay of the senior managers, and mergers and acquisitions (M&As). We find that tournament-based incentives are positively related to firm acquisitiveness and acquiring firms' stock and operating performance. Further analysis indicates that positive acquisition performance increases the likelihood of the CEO being promoted from inside the acquiring firm. Our evidence is consistent with the view that tournament-based incentives motivate acquiring firms' managers to make greater efforts and take more risk that result in superior acquisition performance.     

Corporate Innovations and Mergers and Acquisitions

Using a large and unique patent‐merger data set over the period 1984 to 2006, we show that companies with large patent portfolios and low R&D expenses are acquirers, while companies with high R&D expenses and slow growth in patent output are targets. Further, technological overlap between firm pairs has a positive effect on transaction incidence, and this effect is reduced for firm pairs that overlap in product markets. We also show that acquirers with prior technological linkage to their target firms produce more patents afterwards. We conclude that synergies obtained from combining innovation capabilities are important drivers of acquisitions.     

East and west and north and south : A preliminary model

The Brandt report and other proposals for a new North-South world order continue to be the focus of lively debate, yet it is often argued that little concrete has emerged from their recommendations. A major reason for this, the author argues, is that the East-West conflict component is not sufficiently taken into consideration-East-West tensions are a severe constraint on and a determining factor of North-South relations. Using influence diagrams, the author develops a flexible framework for discussion and assessment of N/S-E/W relations.