Stochastic market sharing, partial communication and collusion

This paper analyzes the role of communication between firms in an infinitely repeated Bertrand game in which firms receive private signals of a common value i.i.d. demand shock. It is shown that firms can use stochastic, inter-temporal market sharing as a substitute for communication in low demand states. Partial communication in high demand states is sufficient to achieve the most collusive, full communication outcome and strictly dominates partial communication in low demand states. Communication in high demand states allows firms to coordinate their pricing, choose the most efficient uninformed price and avoid price wars. I demonstrate that under some conditions consumers are better off with communication among colluding firms.     

中国高技术产业研发效率的实证研究

本文利用随机前沿生产函数测算了中国高技术产业的研发效率，并考察了企业规模、市场结构和所有权结构等因素对研发效率的影响。主要研究结论是：中国高技术产业的研发效率整体偏低，但呈现稳步上升状态，行业间效率差异有逐步缩小趋势。企业规模和市场竞争程度与研发效率之间存在着显著的正相关关系．外商投资企业和国有企业比重对研发效率也有正向影响，但外商投资企业对研发效率的贡献程度更高。     

基于SFA的地区能源效率评价方法研究

针对地区能源效率评价问题,从生产效率角度提出一种参数前沿分析方法。该方法在基于谢泼德能源距离函数定义能源效率的基础上,建立随机前沿分析模型对能源效率得分进行估计。最后通过实例分析,验证了该方法的稳健性、识别力和可信度。     

Disparity in Production Efficiency of China's TVEs Across Regions: A Stochastic Frontier Production Function Approach

This study aims to empirically examine the changes in production efficiencies of China's township and village enterprises (TVEs) between 1988 and 1993 with particular reference to the spatial disparity of these changes. The stochastic frontier production model, which incorporates inefficiency effects, is adopted in the study. Findings of this study indicate that the technical production efficiency of China's TVEs had, on average, declined between the six years under study. Furthermore, the findings also suggest that the industrial performance of China's TVEs (in terms of production efficiency), like the development.     

Production Efficiency and Discriminatory Hiring Practices in the National Hockey League: A Stochastic Frontier Approach

This paper studies the production process in the National Hockey League (NHL) and attempts to identify the sources of production inefficiency, including potential inefficiencies associated with preferences for, or against French-Canadians. Employing the method of stochastic frontier estimation, it is shown that production inefficiencies are prevalent in the NHL and can, in part, be traced to differences in coaching ability, team ownership, local sports competition, and management experience. In addition, it is found that teams with unusually high (or low) numbers of French-Canadian players tended to be less efficient, implying that discriminating hiring practices are costly.Jel Classifications: D21, J71, L83     

人力资本积累与中国制造业技术创新效率的差异性

经济全球化背景下,技术学习能力和技术人员人力资本积累是影响我国企业自主创新能力的重要因素。本文从技术学习的视角,运用随机前沿方法对人力资本积累与中国大中型企业技术创新效率的关系进行了产业层面的计量检验。研究结果表明,在劳动密集型产业和中低档次的机械制造业领域,我国大中型企业的创新效率较高,在0.7到0.8之间;而在石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业等研发资本密集型产业,技术创新效率相对较低,如石油加工、黑色金属冶炼及压延加工业、电力生产和供应业的创新效率为0.262,0.278,0.216。研究还发现,国内企业技术人员的人力资本积累存在明显的门槛效应,低于这一临界值,国内企业技术学习能力和自主创新能力的提升将十分有限。     

Accessing antecedents and outcomes of RFID implementation in health care

This research first conceptualizes, develops, and validates four constructs for studying RFID in health care, including Drivers (Internal and External), Implementation Level (Clinical Focus and Administrative Focus), Barriers (Cost Issues, Lack of Understanding, Technical Issues, and Privacy and Security Concerns), and Benefits (Patient Care, Productivity, Security and Safety, Asset Management, and Communication). Data for the study were collected from 88 health care organizations and the measurement scales were validated using structural equation modeling. Second, a framework is developed to discuss the causal relationships among the above mentioned constructs. It is found that Internal Drivers are positively related to Implementation Level, which in turn is positively related to Benefits and Performance. In addition, Barriers are found to be positively related to Implementation Level, which is in contrast to the originally proposed negative relationship. The research also compares perception differences regarding RFID implementation among the non-implementers, future implementers, and current implementers of RFID. It is found that both future implementers and current implementers consider RFID barriers to be lower and benefits to be higher compared to the non-implementers. This paper ends with our research implications, limitations and future research.     

中国区域服务业技术效率的时空演变研究--基于随机前沿生产函数与马尔可夫转换模型的分析

中国服务业技术效率在时间和空间上不断发生变化,并导致区域之间的差异。本文运用随机前沿分析方法和马尔可夫转换模型测度分析了30余年来（1978～2012）各省区服务业技术效率值,从时间和空间两个角度定量化研究了其演变特征与规律。结果表明：（1）服务业的技术效率在时间和空间两个维度变化,服务业技术效率整体有很大提高。当前东部地区服务业技术效率主要居于较高水平,内部服务业技术效率差异较大;中部地区主要居于较高水平;西部地区内部差异较小,都居于较高水平。（2）各地区服务业技术效率水平越低,变化的幅度和速度越大;水平越高,变化的幅度和速度越小。     

我国对RCEP成员国ICT产品出口的贸易效率及潜力研究北大核心

区域全面经济伙伴关系协定(RCEP)的签署,标志着全球规模最大的自由贸易协定正式达成,这对我国实现疫后经济复苏以及新一轮高水平对外开放具有重要意义。本文采用随机前沿分析方法,对2005~2020年我国对RCEP成员国出口信息通信技术(ICT)产品的出口贸易效率及潜力进行了实证分析。结果表明,我国对RCEP成员国ICT产品的出口贸易效率虽逐年上升但整体偏低,并且不同产品的贸易效率存在较大差异;成员国的制度质量、基础设施和受教育水平等因素均对贸易效率的提升产生显著积极影响。据此,应在政策沟通的基础上,区域联动加快互联网等基础设施建设,注重人力资本的积累,为进一步拓展我国ICT产品出口空间营造良好的环境。     

中国钢铁企业的相对效率与规模效率

本文采用数据包络分析法(DEA)对中国57家重点大中型钢铁联合企业的相对效率和规模效率进行实证研究,研究表明:这些企业在效率上存在显著差异,并且不少企业效率低下,我国钢铁工业优胜劣汰的竞争机制相对缺乏;大型和特大型钢铁企业相对中小型钢铁企业而言并不具备显著的效率优势,多数大型和特大型钢铁企业效率并不高;重点大中型钢铁联合企业中大部分企业是规模有效或者接近于规模有效的,规模效率并不是影响大中型钢铁企业生产经营效率的主要因素。进一步的研究表明,钢铁联合企业的规模对效率几乎没有什么影响,我国钢铁工业并不存在显著规模经济特征。相关部门应该将政策重点从扩大企业规模转移到建立并维护公平竞争和优胜劣汰的市场竞争机制上来。     

基于DEA模型的我国责任保险效率分析

在分析我国责任保险发展现状的基础上,运用数据包络分析（DEA）方法对我国15家财险公司的责任保险经营效率进行了分析,同时对我国各省、自治区、直辖市的责任保险发展进行了分区域的效率分析。结果显示,我国责任保险技术效率水平较低,且区域间的责任保险发展效率也很不均衡。     

The institutional environment and effects of telecommunication privatization and market liberalization in Asia

Are the privatization and market competition models resulting in the leveling of the supply-side playing field, and are they demand driven as expected? Quantitative indicators of network expansion and efficiency provide a partial and inconclusive picture. Instead, an evolutionary property rights framework is favored. Examined in detail are the institutional environments that lead to particular types of property rights which in turn affect network expansion and efficiency. The article offers two conclusions: (a) introducing market competition is slow, messy and difficult to manage but, where present, it is better for growth than privatization alone, and (b) network expansion and efficiency are most noticeable where adequate property rights and enforcement mechanisms are in place. It also conjectures that the “East Asia Model” toward network expansion may not be easily generalizable.     

基于DEA的农业企业化龙头企业的生产效率分析

对农业企业化龙头企业生产效率的研究能够较好地评估农业的竞争态势。以我国10省区近200家农业企业化龙头企业为研究对象,应用DEA方法对农业企业化龙头企业的生产效率进行评价,计算出生产效率值、存在的差距和改进方向,并且就农业企业化龙头企业经营中存在的问题提出对策措施。     

促进可再生能源发电发展政策效率评估

介绍了不同国家现行促进可再生能源发电发展的主要政策,重点分析了价格驱动机制典型政策,如固定电价收购制与配额驱动机制典型政策配额交易制的不同特性。以欧盟国家为样本,采用数据包络分析（dataenvelopmentanalysis,DEA）模型,对固定电价收购制和配额交易制的效率进行了实证研究,发现总体而言固定电价收购制的相对效率较高,配额交易制的相对效率较低。原因主要是配额交易制未实现不同技术的差别补贴而导致政策成本较高,给发电商带来的风险较高,而且配额交易制实施时间较短尚不成熟。根据可再生能源发电技术的不同成熟程度,政策的效率会有所变化,固定电价收购制和配额交易制适用于可再生能源发电发展过程中的不同阶段。     

信息获取、效率替代与董事会职能的改进——一个关于独立董事作用的假说性诠释及其应用

独立董事制度的兴起是现代公司治理理论和实践发展的产物，但独立董事信息获取能力的欠缺制约了他们持续改进董事会职能的作用。随着董事会独立性（独立非执行董事人数的比例）的提高，董事会决策的公正性效率会提高，但董事会决策的达用性效率会降低。在效率替代作用的影响下，董事会的独立性高低与董事会决策交率之间并不存在线性关系，而是倒U型关系，这一模型可以对关于独立董事问题的各种争议给出很好的解释，也可以对我国探索公司治理中独立董事的人数比例，人选确定方法，遴选途径和激励约束等方面提供一个基本框架。     

Order, positioning, scope and outcomes of market entry

This research aims to analyze the relationships between three dimensions of the market entry strategy for new products - order, positioning and scope - and four dimensions of performance - customer satisfaction, competitive position, costs and profitability. The consideration of internal links between the entry dimensions, together with their effect on the different performance variables, will enable us to determine the existence of mediating effects, which up until now have barely been examined in the literature. We test our model on a cross-sectional sample of 136 manufacturing firms, applying structural equation modeling based on the Partial Least Squares (PLS) methodology. Our findings reveal that all the three strategic decisions included in our model of market entry do affect performance, although their influence changes according to the performance dimension being measured.     

Market Structure and Hospital Efficiency: Evaluating Potential Effects of Deregulation in a National Health Service

In this article we examine the potential effect of market structure on hospital technical efficiency as a measure of performance controlled by ownership and regulation. This study is relevant to provide an evaluation of the potential effects of recommended and initiated deregulation policies in order to promote market reforms in the context of a European National Health Service. Our goal was reached through three main empirical stages. Firstly, using patient origin data from hospitals in the region of Catalonia in 1990, we estimated geographic hospital markets through the Elzinga–Hogarty approach, based on patient flows. Then we measured the market level of concentration using the Herfindahl–Hirschman index. Secondly, technical and scale efficiency scores for each hospital was obtained specifying a Data Envelopment Analysis. According to the data nearly two-thirds of the hospitals operate under the production frontier with an average efficiency score of 0.841. Finally, the determinants of the efficiency scores were investigated using a censored regression model. Special attention was paid to test the hypothesis that there is an efficiency improvement in more competitive markets. The results suggest that the number of competitors in the market contributes positively to technical efficiency and there is some evidence that the differences in efficiency scores are attributed to several environmental factors such as ownership, market structure and regulation effects.     

出口和FDI对钢铁行业技术效率的影响--基于随机前沿面板数据模型的分析

为缓解我国钢铁行业面临的困境,提升我国钢铁行业的竞争力,我们运用基于对数型柯布—道格拉斯生产函数的随机前沿面板数据模型,测算了我国各省市钢铁行业2004～2012年技术效率,进一步分析了出口和FDI对技术效率的影响。实证结果表明：出口和FDI对我国钢铁行业的技术效率产生了积极作用,均存在正向的技术溢出效应。为促进钢铁行业的持续健康发展,应该制定钢铁行业发展规划、规范钢铁企业生产;积极开拓海外市场,扩大钢材产品出口;积极利用外商直接投资,注重对先进技术的引进。     

产业链类型与产业链效率基准

在现代经济中，产业链控制策略已成为市场竞争的重要手段，相应的经济规制也是产业组织理论中的热点论题．但现有理论对于市场绩效及经济规制的研究是建立在单个市场效率基准的基础上的．因而严重削弱了其对经济现实的解释能力和政策指导意义。本文首先根据产品本身特性与技术条件对产业链类型进行划分，进而在此基础上建立起以产业链整体效率为对象的产业链效率评判基准。这将为基于产业链的市场竞争策略以及相应的经济规制的理论研究提供概念性基础。