我国居民储蓄存款总额预测模型

随着我国国民经济的飞速发展，我国的居民储蓄也出现高速增长的态势。这对我国经济的进一步增长有着有利的一面，但也会带来一定程度的负面影响。所以国家相继出台了一系列积极的财政和货币政策，以刺激国内消费和投资需求，分流储蓄，但是居民储蓄依然持续增加。影响居民储蓄的因素很多，本文探讨了一些主要因素对居民储蓄存款增加额的影响，尤其是考虑了医疗、住房等重大体制变革前后通货膨胀对居民储蓄的影响不同，增设了虚拟变量，运用计量经济学的方法，给出了我国居民储蓄存款增量的预测模型。     

居民储蓄实证研究

文章利用1978年到2005年的相关数据，基于单位根检验、Johansen协整检验、脉冲响应分析等，对影响我国居民储蓄行为的主要因素进行了实证研究，结果表明：①长期以来，我国居民收入是影响居民储蓄的重要因素。②物价对居民储蓄有着显著的影响。     

浅析非经济因素对居民储蓄的影响

近些年来,我国经济主要取向之一的“以降息来大幅度降低居民储蓄,拉动有效需求”的政策并没有奏效,而且事与愿违,居民储蓄仍以每年上万亿元的速度增长着,储蓄连年大幅度增长有着它深刻的内部原因。包括经济因素和非经济因素的共同作用。本文拟从居民的社会心态、生活观念、心理因素等经济因素方面,对居民的储蓄行为和储蓄方式进行分析,探索解决问题的途径。     

我国居民储蓄的影响因素分析

近年来,随着我国经济的快速发展,我国居民储蓄存款不断的高速增长,在满足居民各种预防性需求的同时,也为我国经济持续稳定增长提供了源源不断的资金支持,其贡献毋庸置疑。但其负面影响也不容忽视,居民储蓄大幅度的增长导致了消费需求不足,加剧了融资比例的失衡,从而造成社会资源的浪费,给国民经济的平稳行带来了隐患。通过分析我国居民储蓄的影响因素分析,在此基础上,分析我国居民储蓄的影响因素分析的具体内容,规避我国居民储蓄影响的策略。     

养老保险的储蓄效应

养老保险对居民储蓄是否存在挤出效应，是经济学家和实际工作者长期争论的一个问题。笔者通过分析发现．在我国建立健全社会保障制度的同时，城乡居民储蓄存款并没有下降，但不能因此就说我国养老保险对储蓄没有挤出效应。本文着重分析了我国养老保险和居民储蓄存款的关系，指出社会保障制度的不健全是储蓄增加的—个主要原因，并提出在讨论养老保险的储蓄效应时，不能忽略高增长低通胀的经济形势导致储蓄增长、居民的储蓄倾向下降、人均储蓄水平的低下和其结构的不公平等因素，进而得出结论，应完善社会保障制度，释放居民储蓄存款。     

应加强对居民经济的研究

<正> 居民经济是指居民收入、居民储蓄、居民消费的变动趋向,以及它们相互联系和互相作用的经济过程。居民经济不仅作为微观经济运行过程的重要构成要素而直接决定着微观经济运行的状况,而且也是影响宏观经济运行的重要因素。经济体制改革开始以来,我国的居民经济发生了重大变化,原有的有关居民收入,居民储蓄、居民消费的理论及管理方法,显然     

我国居民储蓄变动的影响因素及实证分析

居民储蓄是一个复杂的问题,其决定因素不仅有客观的经济变量,而且也有居民的心理行为;不仅有内生性的经济变量,而且有外生性的制度和结构因素。在我国基本确立了市场经济的20世纪90年代中后期,居民储蓄不仅决定于居民的可支配收入,而且还决定于收入预期、利率、通货膨胀等因素,而外生的制度和结构性等因素的作用减少甚至已经消失。研究该问题,我们必须对居民储蓄进行不仅是定性的而且是定量的研究,确定不同时期、不同条件下的居民储蓄的影响因素。通过对回归模型的分析,可使我们比较逻辑和量化地分析居民储蓄,揭示影响居民储蓄的变量及其权重,从而为经济决策提供依据。     

我国居民高储蓄的几点分析

新世纪以来，我国出现了明显的居民高储蓄态势，同时居民消费倾向出现大幅下滑，生活质量上升缓慢。研究居民高储蓄的成因，研究解决问题的途径，使居民的储蓄环境得以改善，有利于促进我国经济的持续健康发展，提高人民生活质量。     

中国居民储蓄继续保持快速增长

文章针对我国高储蓄的拐点出现了的观点,指出社会主义初级阶段是当代中国经济最大的国情,经济转轨和经济增长仍将是我们当前重要的任务,这两个因素将继续决定中国居民储蓄倾向的不断提高,并展开详细阐述。     

我国居民高储蓄率的原因是什么——基于多元回归方法的实证分析

近年来,我国居民储蓄持续而快速增长,正确分析这一现象的利弊有利于国家的宏观调控.本文详细分析了影响居民储蓄的因素,并通过建立多元回归模型,对我国居民储蓄行为进行了实证研究,得出了国内生产总值和收入水平对我国居民储蓄有较大的影响作用、实际利率与居民储蓄成反向增长、物价的下降会引起居民储蓄的增加、体制性因素对居民储蓄有正面影响等结论.在此基础上,文章进一步提出了合理引导居民储蓄行为的对策建议.     

当代发展经济学的家庭经济研究

家庭经济研究是发展经济学的一个方兴未艾的领域,对发展经济学理论与发展中国家现实的联系作出了特殊的贡献。本文从家庭收入与营养健康的关系;公正、平等与营养健康的关系;家庭生产、消费行为的决策;家庭生育行为决策等方面分析发展经济学对家庭经济的研究。     

When inefficiency begets efficiency

Summary. Collective consumption decisions taken by the members of a household may prove inefficient. The impact on market performance depends on whether household inefficiencies are caused by inefficient net trades with the market or by inefficient distribution of resources within households. Inefficient internal distribution always results in inefficient equilibrium allocations. This leads us to consider competitive forces as disciplinary device for households. Competition of households for both resources and members can eliminate or reduce inefficient internal distribution.Received: 5 February 2003, Revised: 12 January 2004, JEL Classification Numbers: D10, D51, D62.This paper is an abbreviated and revised version of Gersbach and Haller (2003). It addresses issues raised during seminar presentations at the University of Texas, Austin, and the Center for Economic Studies (CES), Munich. The hospitality and financial support of CES, the Institute for Advanced Studies (IHS), Vienna, and the Institute of Economics, University of Copenhagen, is gratefully acknowledged. We thank Clive Bell for helpful comments and two referees for thoughtful suggestions.     

中国城镇居民家庭资产—负债现状与成因研究

利用2009年"中国城镇居民经济状况与心态调查"数据,本文细致考察了中国城镇居民家庭资产—负债的现状与成因。描述性统计表明,家庭资产随着户主年龄、教育程度和家庭收入水平提高而上升,家庭负债则恰恰相反,家庭资产—负债存在明显的地域差异。实证研究发现,户主的年龄、受教育程度和健康状况以及家庭收入和人口规模不仅是家庭是否拥有资产/负债最重要的决定因素,也是家庭资产负债额的重要影响因素;进一步研究表明,家庭净资产也主要受到这些因素的影响,但其影响程度因家庭净资产量不同而不同。本文进而研究了家庭资产—负债状况的稳定性,发现户主年龄较小、教育水平较低和健康状况较差以及人口规模较大的家庭更容易受到金融市场不利冲击的影响。     

健康与家庭资产选择

本文采用中国居民家庭微观调查数据,运用资产参与和资产分配模型,分别讨论健康状况对居民家庭资产配置行为的影响。研究结果表明:投资者的健康状况不显著影响其参与股票市场和风险资产市场的决定,但影响家庭的股票或风险资产在总财富中的比重,健康状况不佳会导致这两个比重较低,在控制了参保情况或时间展望期后这一影响仍然显著;而投资者风险态度和遗赠动机能够一定程度上解释健康风险的影响。     

Household bargaining and the design of couples’ income taxation

This paper studies the design of couples’ income taxation when consumption and labor supply decisions within the couple are made by maximizing a weighted sum of the spouses’ utilities; bargaining weights are given but specific to each couple. Information structure and labor supply decisions follow the Mirrleesian tradition. However, while the household's total consumption is publicly observable, the consumption levels of the individual spouses are not observable. With a utilitarian social welfare function we show that the expression for a spouses’ marginal income tax rate includes a “Pigouvian” (paternalistic) and an incentive term. The Pigouvian term favors a marginal subsidy (tax) for the high-weight (low-weight) spouse, whose labor supply otherwise tends to be too low (high). The sign and the magnitude of the incentive term depends on the weight structure across couples. In some cases both terms have the same sign and imply a positive marginal tax for the low-weight spouse (who may be female) and a negative one for the high-weight spouse (possibly the male). This is at odds with the traditional Boskin and Sheshinski results. Our conclusions can easily be generalized to more egalitarian welfare functions. Finally, we present numerical simulations based on a calibrated specification of our model. The calculations confirm that the male spouse may well have the lower (and possibly even negative) marginal tax rate.     

On the Need for Gender in Dynamic Models

In this paper we emphasize the need for more theoretical research using dynamic models that include gender as a variable of analysis. We begin by summarizing some of the main observations characterizing fertility, gender, and economic growth. We then explore three types of theoretical models: one-sex dynamic, two-sex static, and two-sex dynamic. We conclude that more models of the last type – dynamic models that include gender in the analysis – are needed to analyze issues that involve both an intertemporal and a gender dimension.     

Taxation and household portfolio composition: US evidence from the 1980s and 1990s

This paper explores the relationship between household marginal income tax rates, the set of financial assets that households own, and the portfolio shares accounted for by each of these assets. It analyzes data from the 1983, 1989, 1992, 1995, and 1998 Surveys of Consumer Finances and develops a new algorithm for imputing federal marginal tax rates to households in these surveys. The empirical findings suggest that marginal tax rates have important effects on asset allocation decisions. The probability that a household owns tax-advantaged assets, such as tax-exempt bonds or assets held in tax-deferred accounts, is positively related to its tax rate on ordinary income. In addition, the portfolio share invested in corporate stock, which is taxed less heavily than interest bearing assets, is increasing in the household’s ordinary income tax rate. Holdings of heavily taxed assets, such as interest-bearing accounts, decline as a share of wealth as a household’s marginal tax rate increases.     

The drivers of household indebtedness reconsidered: An empirical evaluation of competing arguments on the macroeconomic determinants of household indebtedness in OECD countries

Abstract

Household debt is at a record high in most Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) countries and it played a crucial role in the recent financial crisis. Several arguments on the macroeconomic drivers of household debt have been put forward, and most have been empirically tested, albeit in isolation of each other. This article empirically tests 7 competing hypotheses on the macroeconomic determinants of household indebtedness together in one econometric study. Existing arguments suggest that residential house prices, upward movements in the prices of assets demanded by households, the income share of the top 1%, falling wages, the rolling back of the welfare state, the age structure of the population, and the short-term interest rate drive household indebtedness. We formulate these arguments as hypotheses and test them for a panel of 13 OECD countries over the period 1993–2011 using error correction models. We also investigate whether effects differ in boom and bust phases of the debt and house price cycles. The results show that the most robust macroeconomic determinant of household debt is real residential house prices, and that the phase of the debt and house price cycles plays a role in household debt accumulation.     

Benefit Incidence of Public Recreation Areas—Have the Winners Taken Almost All?

This study presents a framework for investigating the benefit incidence of provision of public recreation opportunities. The proportion of individuals who use outdoor recreation services increases with income, and frequency of use differs by the users’ gender and life situation (e.g., depending on whether they are students or older citizens). The decomposition of distributive incidence shows that a bias in favor of high-income groups may be accentuated when the perceived value of these services is taken into account in monetary terms. We compare alternative strategies in terms of equity for improving recreation opportunities, e.g., reduced distance to or increased acreage of recreation sites. Our results indicate that although these strategies improve the welfare distribution among the income groups, a considerable proportion of benefits nevertheless accrue to high-income groups.      

Italian households’ debt: the participation to the debt market and the size of the loan

This paper analyses Italian households’ participation to the debt market, separating the probability of demanding a loan from the probability of being rationed by lenders; on the supply side of the market specific attention is paid to enforcement costs of the loan contract when customers default. A new result is that the age of the household head acts essentially as a demand factor, rather than a variable influencing the lender’s choice. Both current and future households’ income increase the demand for loans and reduce credit rationing. Self-employed workers are more rationed by lenders. Credit constraints are also linked to the area where the household lives, partly because of different enforcement costs. The final part of the paper analyses the equilibrium quantity of the loan, for households who have a loan and are not constrained. The loan size is positively linked to household net wealth and income profile. An important contribution of this paper is the finding that, not only the participation to the debt market, but also the loan size is negatively affected by enforcement costs.