保险市场风险与效率探析

从国外文献看,无论从数量还是从研究的系统性及深度和广度上,对保险市场风险与效率的研究都相对滞后于商业银行和资本市场风险与效率的研究,而国内保险界对保险市场风险与效率的研究更是少见,但是保险业高速的规模扩张伴随着保险业低效率是阻碍我国保险业发展的重要问题。鉴于此,试图将我国保险市场的风险与效率结合起来研究,从保险市场存在的风险与低效率的表现入手,分析对外开放风险、信息不对称风险、诚信缺失风险、系统性风险导致的保险业的低效率运行,以求找到提高效率的途径。     

关于保险市场道德风险的微观经济学问题研究

保险市场是一个典型的信息不对称市场,主要表现为道德风险问题,这种对信息占有的不对称状况,很容易被保险市场参与者所利用,并导致保险市场运行的低效率。目前,中国保险市场上保险公司和投保人之间的道德风险问题表现得比较突出,已经成为制约保险业可持续发展的一个重要因素。本文从理论角度研究道德风险问题产生的机制,梳理信息不对称问题在理论上的解决方法,并从中得到保险市场应对道德风险问题的建议。     

保险市场信息不对称问题研究

保险市场是一个典型的信息不对称市场,主要表现为逆选择和道德风险问题,其实另外一类信息不对称也越来越引起监管者及社会公众的注意,那就是保险公司利用信息不对称对投保人或保险潜在消费者甚至对社会公众投资者而产生的不利影响。这种对信息占有的不对称状况,很容易被保险市场参与者所利用,并导致保险市场运行的低效率。目前,中国保险市场上保险公司和投保人之间的信息不对称问题表现得比较突出,已经成为制约保险业可持续发展的一个重要因素。本文从理论角度研究信息不对称问题产生的机制,梳理信息不对称问题在理论上的解决方法,并从中得到保险市场应对信息不对称问题的建议,以期对中国保险市场的健康发展起到借鉴意义。     

浅析规避逆选择和道德风险的制度建设

随着社会经济的发展,中国保险业也在飞速发展.但是在发展的背后也存在很多问题.保险市场是典型的信息不对称市场,由信息不对称引起的逆选择和道德风险是广泛存在的.这些问题在很大程度上影响了保险风险分散机制的发挥,进而阻碍了保险市场的发展.本文主要结合我国保险市场的实际情况从制度建设的角度提出了规避保险市场逆选择和道德风险的对策.     

保险市场的逆向选择和道德风险研究

保险市场的一个固有特征是信息不对称，运用信息经济学的新方法研究保险市场中的信息特征、决策及方法对于提高我国保险业的经营水平和偿付能力具有重要的意义。     

信息不对称与非逆向选择

信息不对称引致逆向选择是信息经济学的重要观点。然而,实证研究对此提出挑战,学者们仅在部分保险市场发现逆向选择,还有大量市场出现正向选择或不相关选择。非逆向选择现象引起学界对传统信息不对称理论的反思,通过修正理论假设重新审视保险市场运行。学界研究表明,在双向信息优势、多维异质性和不完全风险分类假设下,保险市场可能出现逆向选择、正向选择或不相关选择。非逆向选择问题研究形成对传统信息不对称理论的拓展与完善,同时得到大量实证研究支持。     

信息不对称与保险市场的脆弱性

和其他行业相比,保险业具有一些内在的脆弱性,表现为往往在没有明显前兆的情况下出现故障,甚至发生危机。保险市场的脆弱性指保险市场趋于一种高风险的状态,一旦整个保险市场的总风险达到一定水平,就会导致整个保险市场的危机。产生保险市场脆弱性的原因是多方面的,本文从信息经济学的角度,利用信息不对称理论来分析保险市场主体在导致其脆弱性方面的作用。     

道德风险视角下的保险业信用问题

“最大诚信原则”是保险业经营的基本原则，但是保险市场各方道德风险的存在使“最大诚信”难以很好的发挥。各种道德风险对保险市场产生了很大的危害，如果不有效的控制，就会进一步引发保险业的诚信危机。由于保险机制的固有特性，无论是保险的买方还是卖方都不可能如愿获得足够的信息，这种对信息占有的不对称状况，很容易被保险市场参与者所利用，并导致保险市场道德风险的产生。那么，控制道德风险的对策就是建一个“人人诚实守信”的保险业的信用体系，这个体系应该从监管、制度等层面上控制道德风险的产生。     

信息不对称对保险业的影响及治理措施

保险市场是一个典型的信息不对称市场,保险市场的不对称信息主要包括逆向选择和道德风险。保险市场信息不对称将导致保险市场资源配置的低效率,因此要加强保险市场信息披露,完善和发展保险技术,整顿市场秩序,以促进保险市场的健康发展。     

保险监管的经济学动因——保险市场失灵及其表现

政府对保险业实施监督管理有其经济学动因。后危机时代,保险监管呈现出了全球性的特征。从国际宏观角度进行保险监管的微观经济基础的探讨,必将有利于我国保险监管事业的迅速稳固发展。公共利益监管理论认为,政府监管的存在是为了修正低效率或不公正的市场行为。本文根据经济学的框架,探讨了政府与市场的关系,分析了目前我国保险市场上存在的四种市场失灵的表现,即市场支配力、外部性、公共物品和信息不对称问题,从而阐释了保险监管存在的经济学动因,认为合理的政府干预对于维护市场机制正常运行、及时纠正市场缺陷、防范各类风险是十分必要的。     

John Stuart Mill's Theory Of Justice

John Stuart Mill has traditionally been portrayed as self-contradictory and failing to construct a unified social theory. Recent scholarship, however, has challenged this view, finding Mill's work to be creatively synthetic in bridging the antinomies inherent in liberal democratic thought. This revisionist interpretation of Mill is advanced by an understanding of his theory of justice and its role in shaping his policy positions on issues such as welfare, education, voting rights, property rights, taxation, government intervention, and the future of capitalism.     

A Rich Vein for “Reality Mining”北大核心CSSCISSCI

Arik Hesseldahl In the aftermath of the September 11 attacks, U.S. officials quickly turned their attention to other potential targets, including California's Golden Gate Bridge. What would happen if terrorists took down the bridge between San Francisco and Marin County? How much of the region would be affected and for how long?     

John Stuart Mill's Theories of Wealth and Income Distribution

Although he was much influenced by David Ricardo when he wrote the classical part of his Principles , John Stuart Mill was not a Ricardian when he penned his theories of wealth and distribution. They are based on a triple foundation. First, a belief that economics is a moral discipline. Second a theory of custom-driven human behavior. Third, an empirically formed conviction that the institutions of state, education and business cooperate to structure the distribution of income. On the basis of these presuppositions, Mill formulated 1) an institutional theory of the formation of human and non-human wealth and 2) an even more institutional theory of distribution demonstrating how the aforementioned institutions malignantly skew the distribution of income to the advantage of the propertied classes and to the extreme disadvantage of the working class. As a social economist, Mill recommended institutional reforms designed to eradicate the poverty of the working class.     

中国养活自己能力的长期预测:技术和政策分析

中国拥有世界五分之一强的人口 ,收入又在迅速增长。因此 ,国际上很自然地会考虑或推测她在今后的几十年是否有能力养活自己。中国的人口预计将从 2 0 0 0年的 1 2 8亿增长到 2 0 2 0年的 1 4 6亿 ,和 2 0 3 0年的 1 4 9亿。与此同时 ,人均收入的增长将导致对家畜和鱼类产品更大的需求 ,因而对饲料的需求也将有很大的增长     

Toward a Phylogenetic Reconstruction of Organizational Life

Synopsis Classification is an important activity that facilitates theory development in many academic disciplines. Scholars in fields such as organizational science, management science and economics and have long recognized that classification offers an approach for ordering and understanding the diversity of organizational taxa (groups of one or more similar organizational entities). However, even the most prominent organizational classifications have limited utility, as they tend to be shaped by a specific research bias, inadequate units of analysis and a standard neoclassical economic view that does not naturally accommodate the disequilibrium dynamics of modern competition. The result is a relatively large number of individual and unconnected organizational classifications, which tend to ignore the processes of change responsible for organizational diversity. Collectively they fail to provide any sort of universal system for ordering, compiling and presenting knowledge on organizational diversity. This paper has two purposes. First, it reviews the general status of the major theoretical approaches to biological and organizational classification and compares the methods and resulting classifications derived from each approach. Definitions of key terms and a discussion on the three principal schools of biological classification (evolutionary systematics, phenetics and cladistics) are included in this review. Second, this paper aims to encourage critical thinking and debate about the use of the cladistic classification approach for inferring and representing the historical relationships underpinning organizational diversity. This involves examining the feasibility of applying the logic of common ancestry to populations of organizations. Consequently, this paper is exploratory and preparatory in style, with illustrations and assertions concerning the study and classification of organizational diversity.     

Information infrastructure: Who builds broadband networks?

This paper examines the essential difference between the U.S. and Japan, when one considers information infrastructure. There are seven perception gaps between the U.S. and Japan concerning Information Infrastructure policies. These gaps must be understood in order to compare the countries' governmental policies in this area. In looking at the present circumstances, the essential question to answer concerns who is to build, own and operate the network(s) of the infrastructure. Liberalization is certain to be a central factor in the ongoing telecommunications debates. Now that customers have had a taste of the liberalized market-place, the movement toward more open markets will be difficult to stop. When considering options, it is necessary to pay close attention to standardized network access and the increasingly important role software plays. These issues are causing us to take a new approach to the traditional role played by regulators. They also force a closer look at the appropriate structure of utility companies. This paper addresses the above issues in hopes of stimulating dialog on the new telecommunications infrastructure paradigm.     

海岛地区产业演替及资源基础分析--以舟山群岛为例

改革开放以来,舟山市产业构成发生了显著变化,其经济发展过程可以划分为三个阶段。1992年前,是以产业结构渔业占绝对地位的单一结构阶段;1993—1998年,以旅游业为主的第三产业快速发展阶段;上世纪末以来,又进入了新一轮的经济发展时期,即工业产值比重快速增加阶段。根据海岛的自然资源基础和特点,在新世纪的经济发展过程中,舟山市应定位为生态型的港口旅游城市。以港口及临港工业为主导,以海岛旅游和海洋经济为特色,大力发展第二产业和第三产业。海岛地区的主导产业应体现海岛资源优势及区位优势,以集群性环保型产业为主。同时由于海岛地区淡水资源缺乏,主导产业也应着重选择低耗水型产业。     

风险视角下企业治理结构和研发创新——基于委托代理模型的研究

本文基于委托代理模型,从风险的视角研究企业治理结构对研发创新能力的影响。本文构建了一个包含创新活动的委托代理模型进行理论分析,利用动态DEA 模型测算创新能力,并使用2015-2018年我国上市制造业企业数据进行实证检验。实证部分检验了理论结论:委托代理问题不利于企业提升研发创新能力,且客观风险和主观风险厌恶会加剧该负面影响。基于此,本文认为上市企业应根据企业自身研发活动特点有针对性地改善企业治理结构,提出了适当延长代理人任期、推动股权激励计划、提升代理人的风险承担能力等建议。     

生物群落结构原型的仿生学模拟

模拟生命系统管理规律的科学即管理仿生学,是知识时代仿生学研究的新领域与前沿.基于模拟生物群落结构规律的研究目的,采用仿生学模拟的研究方法,以生物群落结构为原型,建立了仿生群落结构模型.结论为:垂直结构、水平结构、时间结构与交错区结构是支持生物群落生命活动的结构规律,以该规律为原型,推理建立了仿生分层结构、仿生优化结构、仿生动态结构与仿生相邻结构,四种仿生结构分别侧重于管理资源的分层管理、局部优化管理、动态过程管理、相邻关系管理,该模型为建立类似生物群落的人造管理系统即仿生群落管理系统提供了仿生结构模型.可以预测,该模型具有广泛的应用价值,能够推动管理仿生学的发展.