交易性货币需求理论的发展演变及其启示

凯恩斯的货币需求理论引发了关于交易性货币需求理论的争议和修正,后来的发展演变更加注重从需求的微观基础出发来研究,强调约束条件下的交易成本和收支的不确定性,这对转轨时期的我国货币需求理论有很大的启发和借鉴意义。     

Water sources and demand in South Western Nigeria: implications for water development planners and scientists

In-depth interviews and personal observations were conducted with 5000 households each in four cities (Lagos, Ibadan, Ife and Ilesa) in South Western Nigeria concerning their household water supply system, water use practices and water demand. Owing to deficiencies in piped water availability, households invest in coping strategies in the form of alternative supplies and storage facilities to supplement piped water.This study revealed that about 30% of respondents have a private piped water connection. Even then, the tap water is available only three times a week on average. This has forced people in the area to invest heavily in the provision of storage tanks of various (up to 5000 litres) capacities for storing tap or rainwater wherever it is available and in the construction of both shallow and deep wells. The computed per capital per day water demand for the study area is about 46 litres. The “coping” strategies have important economic implications for the consumers and thus modelling of water demand should go beyond connection decision. The choice of any particular system for a given usage depends on the perceived attributes of the system. The implications of the results for water planners and water demand modellers are presented in this paper.     

Predicting loss given default (LGD) for residential mortgage loans: A two-stage model and empirical evidence for UK bank data

With the implementation of the Basel II regulatory framework, it became increasingly important for financial institutions to develop accurate loss models. This work investigates the loss given default (LGD) of mortgage loans using a large set of recovery data of residential mortgage defaults from a major UK bank. A Probability of Repossession Model and a Haircut Model are developed and then combined to give an expected loss percentage. We find that the Probability of Repossession Model should consist of more than just the commonly used loan-to-value ratio, and that the estimation of LGD benefits from the Haircut Model, which predicts the discount which the sale price of a repossessed property may undergo. This two-stage LGD model is shown to perform better than a single-stage LGD model (which models LGD directly from loan and collateral characteristics), as it achieves a better R² value and matches the distribution of the observed LGD more accurately.     

城市型风景名胜区建筑的营造——以杭州西湖风景名胜区为例

认为城市型风景名胜区的建筑营造活动具有特殊性,深刻影响着景区的保护和发展。通过调研杭州西湖风景名胜区近年来的建筑营造,评价其对风景资源产生的正、负面影响,探索了当下城市型风景区的设计与营造方法,以更好地使建筑营造活动与风景环境相适应。     

城市地名文化遗产评价体系及应用——以北京市牛街地区为例

地名文化遗产是非物质文化遗产的重要组成部分。面对北京城市化进程的高速发展,地名文化遗产保护面临严峻挑战,要做好地名文化遗产保护,急需建立适合北京城市的地名文化遗产评价体系。本评价体系中,评价指标主要包括使用年代、历史文化意义、感知度三个方面,每个方面再进行细化。根据评估结果对地名进行分级,以确定地名文化遗产的保护价值。     

The development and application of a process model for R&D project management in a high tech firm: A field study

In R&;D organizations of high tech firms, multiple R&;D projects are executed concurrently and timeliness of project completion - i.e., developing the right products at the right times - is a matter of serious concern. Given that the priority of R&;D projects and the interdependencies between the projects in a high tech firm change dynamically, high tech R&;D project management is a complex and challenging endeavor. To improve the understanding and management of high tech R&;D projects, this paper reports the findings of a field study where we, first, develop and empirically estimate a model that relates project priority over time with the generative mechanisms of market pull and technical challenge associated with R&;D projects. Next, we develop and demonstrate the application of a process model within which the time-varying project priority model is embedded. The process model makes it possible to allocate fixed resources among competing projects with time-varying interdependencies, thereby improving the timeliness of project completion. This research was conducted in collaboration with a major U.S. high tech firm. The corporate R&;D center of the firm served as the research setting for the field study. We present an application of the process model to delineate the evolution of the R&;D organization with the merger of its (technology driven) parent firm with another (market driven) high tech manufacturing firm. The application of the process model generates theoretical insights that are used to develop testable propositions. Implications of the study findings and directions for future research are discussed.     

Construct a composite indicator based on integrating Common Weight Data Envelopment Analysis and principal component analysis models: An application for finding development degree of provinces in Iran

Balanced development of regions requires the fair distribution of facilities and services. Hence, it is necessary to find and estimate the development degree of regions for policy makers. This paper presents an integrated Common Weight Data Envelopment Analysis (CWDEA) – Principal Component Analysis (PCA) model to find out the development degree of provinces in Iran. First, 131 suitable indicators are selected and then, the indicators are classified in fourteen different classes. In classical DEA model, each Decision Making Unit (DMU) is free to set its weights to reach the efficient frontier. In this paper, to restrict flexibility in indicator weights, development degree of provinces in each class is calculated using CWDEA model. Since, the proposed CWDEA model is not capable of fully ranking of provinces with all indicators, hence, the development degrees generated by CWDEA model are considered as indicators of PCA and the final ranks are obtained using PCA model. The results of proposed CWDEA-PCA model show that Yazd, Semnan and Bushehr are top three provinces in Iran.