Corporate recidivism in emerging economies

Prior research on corporate misconduct pays extensive attention to single misconduct behaviors. However, little research has addressed recidivism – the repeated behaviors of corporate misconduct. Based on institutional theory and using the context of emerging economies where recidivism plays a considerable role, we propose the path dependency of corporate recidivism and suggest that three influential factors exist: internal preconditioning, inter‐organizational imitation, and the prevailing external evaluation. Our event history analysis of 1,036 listed companies in China over the period 2001–2008 statistically confirms our hypotheses. We conclude the paper by outlining the implications for both theory and practice.     

Explanatory Design Theory

Design, design research, and design science have received increasing attention lately. This has led to a more scientific focus on design that then has made it timely to reconsider our definitions of the design theory concept. Many scholars in Information Systems assume a design theory requires a complex and elaborate structure. While this structure has appeal for its completeness and complexity, it has led scholars to criticize simplicity and elegance in design science theories that fail to demonstrate the “required” elements. Such criticisms lead to questions about whether design theory can be considered theory at all.     

A netnographical approach to typologizing customer engagement and corporate misconduct

Customer engagement has important implications for the organization. The study developed a typology to understand customer engagement and its relationship with corporate misconduct. Customer engagement is categorized into co-developing, augmenting, influencing, and mobilizing behaviors, which are typologized into organizational and peer engagement, with co-developing and augmenting behaviors classified as organizational engagement, and the remaining two as peer engagement. In view of a focus on negative engagement in the case of corporate misconduct in previous research, this study deployed a netnographical approach to exploring positive and neutral engagement within the organization and with peers. The findings indicate that corporate misconduct not only elicits a negative response but may also elicit positive or indifferent engagement behaviors. This study contributes to customer engagement and corporate misconduct research by delving into underexplored aspects of consumer behavior.     

Framing and Organizational Misconduct: A Symbolic Interactionist Study

This study expands theoretical understanding of organizational misconduct through qualitative analysis of widespread deceptive sales practices at a large U.S. life insurance company. Adopting a symbolic interactionist perspective, this research describes how a set of taken-for-granted interpretive frames located in the organization’s culture created a worldview through which deceptive sales practices were seen as normal, acceptable, routine operating procedure. The findings from this study extend and modify the dominant theoretical ‘pressure/opportunity’ model of organizational misconduct by proposing that the process engine driving misconduct is not amorally rational organization members, but rather is organizational members acting on socially constructed views of the organization that normalize misconduct. Tammy L. MacLean is an assistant professor of management at Suffolk University in Boston, Massachusetts. She teaches in the areas of organizational behavior and managing diversity. Her research interests include how the process of decoupling organizational policies and programs from core organizational functions affects organizational behavior. Her research has been published in academic journals such as Academy of Management Review, Academy of Management Learning & Education, Journal of Management Inquiry, and Business & Society. She received a Ph.D. in Organization Studies in 2001 from Boston College.     

ESP视阈下科技创新概念传播模型构建及商业化探索

科技创新概念是基于原创性的科学研究或知识创新的过程,提出新概念、新思想、新理论、新方法、新发现和新假设,以新的视角来重新认识已知事物,诠释科技与人之间的联系,调节科技发展与现有人类社会对科学发展的认知以维持动态平衡。在互联网高度发展的新时代,"泛媒体"与科学新概念相结合达到了良好的知识传递效果。本文从科技创新概念与"泛媒体"传播的角度出发,结合特殊用途英语(ESP)科普作品的实践研究,提出适合时代发展的科技创新概念传播模型,从共同发展的角度提出多元化规范性理念,为实现新的商业精准模式进行分析探索。     

Research Integrity: An Exploratory Survey of Administrative Science Faculties

This research focuses on the perceptions of research integrity held by administrative science faculty members in French-language universities in Québec. More specifically, the survey was conducted to isolate and analyse the opinions of the target group concerning the seriousness and frequency of various types of conduct generally associated with a lack of integrity among researchers, peer reviewers and editors (or other assessment supervisors), the causes attributed to research misconduct, and the solutions proposed. Its main interest is to encourage researchers to reflect on the standards they would like to see introduced, based on their own statements concerning what they think and do about research integrity. Each of the 699 faculty members surveyed received a 91-item questionnaire by mail, and 136 completed and returned it. The results show, among other things, that the respondents did not take the question of research integrity lightly; in almost all cases, they considered the types of conduct studied to be at least moderately reprehensible and often very reprehensible. In addition, the same types of conduct were considered to be, or almost to be, moderately frequent. Causes were closely linked to the achievement of professional success. Solutions related to the promotion of publication quality instead of quantity and to the inclusion of at least one full session on research integrity in advanced programs were very clearly favoured. However, in all cases, the consensus did not appear to be very strong. The limits of the results are discussed, along with the recommendations and research possibilities to which they lead.     

浅析科研事业单位的财务管理

随着经济的发展,我国对与科学技术的重视程度也在加深,对科研体制的改革也从未停止过,与过去相比,现在科研单位的从内到外都发生了本质的变化,而科研事业的单位由于其自身的特点,与一般的民营或者国营企业有着很大的差距,因此对于这类特殊的科研事业单位的财务管理模式进行分析和研究,使科研事业单位的财务管理可以更加的明确和管理.     

成都理工大学“十一五”繁荣哲学社会科学工作建设回顾

“十一五”期间,成都理工大学依托理工科特色优势,通过搭建良好专业学科构架,提升社科类研究人才质量,打造特色科研基地,加强多学科多领域研究,大力提升课程教学效果。做好校地联动．在哲学社会科学领域研究实现了历史性跨越,取得了令人瞩目的成就。     

科技工作者的职业发展需求现状及政策建议——基于安徽省的调查

本文以安徽省科技工作者为调查对象,基于4024份安徽省科技工作者的调查问卷数据和33位科技工作者的座谈调研记录,从人才培养支持、人才评价发现、开展学术合作交流、服务科技经济融合、开展科普和科技志愿活动、科研环境和学风作风建设六个方面系统了解了科技工作者的职业发展关切需求。研究发现,科技工作者对知识更新、长期稳定的科研经费支持和更加自主的科研环境需求强烈;在人才分类评价、非公组织人才社会化评审、青年科技人才宽松考评环境方面呼声较高;期望建立高水平、跨学科学术交流渠道和平台;对建立优化产学研合作机制、科技成果转化专业化服务需求迫切;呼吁搭建科普能力培训、科普产品供需对接和服务等平台;期望更加自由民主的学术氛围和有效的维权渠道。基于此,对于更好地满足科技工作者职业发展需求提出针对性的政策建议。     

Accounting for organizational misconduct

Organizational misconduct (white collar, corporate and occupational crime, unethical behavior, rule violations, etc.) is an increasingly important social concern. This paper proposes that a necessary step toward preventing and treating such misconduct is the understanding of the explanations, called accounts, given by the actor. We argue that the theorizing and findings in the literature on accounts can be organized into a 2×2 matrix framework. The first dimension centers on whether or not the actor admits that some net harm is done by the act, and the second consists of whether or not the actor admits responsibility. When both are admitted (cell 1), the account is a concession, while denial of both constitutes a refusal (cell 4). Admitting responsibility but not harm equates to a justification (cell 2), and the opposite condition is an excuse (cell 3). Building on this matrix, we specify a typology of explanations within each cell which will highlight inter-cell differences. Finally, we explore the implications of this analysis for managers, regulators, and the public.Eugene Szwajkowski has taught in the Department of Management of the University of Illinois at Chicago since 1978, and as a visiting professor at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and at the University of Notre Dame. For the past fifteen years, Dr. Szwajkowski has been engaged in research on various aspects of illegal and unethical behavior within and on behalf of organizations. His research has investigated such practices as price-fixing and anti-competitive acquisitions, employee theft and sabotage, sex and race discrimination, and deceptive advertising.The author gratefully acknowledges the generous contributions of Drs. Laurie Larwood and Darold Barnum, and of two anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments on earlier versions of this paper.     

尺度视角下中国旅游业发展的经济效应研究述评与展望

20世纪90年代以来,旅游业逐渐成为中国产业发展战略的重要组成部分,其引发的经济效应备受关注,文章基于尺度视角对相关研究成果进行了梳理和评价,微观尺度下的民众效应从旅游发展的收入增加效应、旅游收入差异与收敛效应两个方面展开述评,中观尺度下的区域效应从区域旅游业增加值核算、区域旅游发展经济拉动效应两个方向进行述评,宏观尺度下的国家效应从国家旅游业增加值核算、旅游业对经济发展的影响检验两个角度进行述评,最后从构建完善的旅游数据收集与统计体系、科学规范旅游经济效应研究过程、创新旅游经济效应研究方法、完善旅游经济效应研究体系四个方面进行了展望。     

Trust Erosion During Industry-Wide Crises: The Central Role of Consumer Legitimacy Judgement

Journal of Business Ethics - Widespread unethical corporate misconduct in an industry triggers industry-wide crises. This research investigates how industry misconduct affects consumers’...     

Managerial and Public Attitudes Toward Ethics in Marketing Research

This research updates and significantly extends Akaah and Riordon’s (J Market Res 26:112–120, 1989) evaluation of ethical perceptions of marketing research misconduct among marketing research professionals. In addition to examining changes in perceptions toward key marketing research practices over time, we assess professionals’ judgments on the ethicality, importance, and occurrence of a variety of new marketing research ethics situations in both online and offline contexts. In a second study, we assess ethical judgments of the public at large using a representative sample of US consumers—key stakeholders ignored in prior research on unethical marketing research practices. Generally speaking, disapproval of unethical research conduct has grown across the board in the last 20?years for both managers and marketing researchers. The same misconduct elicits a stronger disapproval in the online environment compared to the offline environment. Compared to marketing researchers, managers tend to think that unethical research conduct occurs more frequently. Those who conduct marketing research or use its findings (i.e., marketing researchers and managers) are less tolerant of unethical research conduct than the general public.     

Science and ethical investment

The article explores the relationship between science and ethical investment, which is often concerned with the application of science and technology through commercial organisations. The article considers the contribution that scientific understanding makes to ethical investment, and the way in which ethical investment can improve the public perception of science. It then goes on to consider the historical relationship between science and society and the lessons that might be learnt from scientific study in developing a methodology for ethical investment. The conclusion reached is that scientific understanding provides the bedrock for many of the concerns which arise in ethical investment, as well as providing an indication of the nature of the research involved.     

Consortium Research

Design-oriented research in the Information Systems (IS) domain aims at delivering results which are both of scientific rigor and of relevance for practitioners. Today, however, academic researchers are facing the challenge of gaining access to and capturing knowledge from the practitioner community. Against this background, the paper proposes a method for Consortium Research, which is supposed to facilitate multilateral collaboration of researchers and practitioners during the research process. The method’s design is based on a self-evaluating design process which was carried out over a period of 20 years. The paper’s contribution is twofold. First, it addresses the science of design, since it proposes guidance to researchers for practitioner collaboration during the process of artifact design. Second, the method is an artifact itself, hence, the result of a design-oriented research process.     

科技创新中心的演化路径研究

知识经济时代,科技创新中心已成为国家提升综合国力的战略支点。对科技创新中心演化路径、发展特征进行剖析,将有助于各参与主体根据科技创新中心不同发展阶段实施不同的发展策略。文章基于特征功能、发展模式、演化路径等不同视角对国内外科技创新中心研究现状进行系统梳理,在科技创新中心构成要素、要素的演化分析基础上,明确科技创新中心演化路径的分析框架,并利用上述分析框架对伦敦、东京、北京典型科技创新中心演化路径进行研究,为正确判读科技创新中心的发展阶段以及参与主体实施精准、有效的策略提供思路。     

面向全球人工智能高影响力科研人员的综合学术影响力评价模型研究

科技人才对于一国的科技创新发展至关重要,科学合理地评价科研人员的学术影响力,对于科技人才遴选、引进、管理具有重要意义,同时,也可以营造公平、公正的学术氛围,推动科技发展。本研究针对新兴科技领域知识迭代更新快的特点,提出了新兴科技领域科研人员学术影响力综合评价体系和模型,并以人工智能高影响力科研人员为例进行了分析。结果发现,成果引用情况对学术影响力影响最大,其次是学术研究能力和学术活跃程度。本研究提供了一种指标客观赋值的方法,对于科研人员学术影响力的客观评价提供支撑。     

利用文献资料获得科研选题的几点思考

选题是科学研究的起点,利用文献资料进行选题是科研选题的重要途径。科研选题要遵循创新性、科学性、可行性、社会需求性等原则,可通过阅读专业图书资料直接选题,也可针对同一问题了解多个研究者的不同观点,从争论中发现、选择研究课题。     

GB／T19001—2000质量管理体系对高校校院科技二级管理的启示

科技的校院二级管理是高校科技规模不断扩大背景下提高科技管理质量的有效方式。在完善高校校院科技二级管理体系过程中，引入GB／T19001—2000国家标准质量管理体系要求，使科技二级管理更加规范化和标准化。从而提高科技二级管理的质量和效率。     

Scientific Paradigms,Entrepreneurial Opportunities and Cycles in Economic Growth

In this paper I present a model of economic growth that combines insights from endogenous growth theory, the field of entrepreneurship research and the philosophy and economics of science. The model is built on three relatively standard assumptions and a Kuhnian approach to scientific knowledge accumulation. I assume that innovation generates economic growth, that opportunity driven entrepreneurship is an important source of innovation, that entrepreneurial opportunities increasingly arise out of scientific knowledge creation and that science follows Kuhnian paradigm shifting dynamics. The model then generates opportunity driven cycles in entrepreneurial activity that in turn cause waves of innovation and cycles in economic growth. This result is highly relevant and fills a gap in all three literatures as ‚traditional’ endogenous growth models typically generate constant growth rates in the steady state, entrepreneurship research keeps the origin of entrepreneurial opportunity exogenous and the literatures on the philosophy and economics of science ignore the important downstream economic implications of the non-profit driven institutional framework that governs scientific knowledge accumulation. This paper contributes by identifying scientific institutions and entrepreneurial activity as prerequisites for economic growth and it offers a tentative explanation for the rise and fall in the levels of scientific, entrepreneurial and economic activity over the Kondratieff-cycle.