THE TREASURY'S BUDGET

This year's Budget not only marked the end of Thatcherism, it also pointed to a shift in power back towards the Treasury. Mrs. Thatcher's favoured approach on local finance, child benefit and mortgage tax relief were unceremoniously dumped and replaced by the Treasury emphasis on fiscal neutrality and marginal tax rates. We discuss what this might mean for future Budgets. The Treasury forecast is extremely gloomy, predicting a 2 per cent drop in output this year. We remain more optimistic and, as in February, expect a revival in consumer spending to lead the recovery over the next few months. Despite our stronger output forecast, we endorse the Treasury view that inflation and the current account deficit will fall sharply this year.     

ON THE U.S. BUDGET DEFICIT

By the end of 1985 the USA will bo the most heavily indebted nation on the planet. Professor G. K. Shaw of the University of Buckingham and Geoffrey Wood of the City University Business School differ on Reagan's budgetary policy.     

THE 364 ECONOMISTS AND THE 1981 BUDGET: AN EXAMINATION OF THE EMPIRICAL EVIDENCE

Earlier this year we passed the 25th anniversary of the letter to The Times from 364 economists protesting about government economic policy in general and the 1981 Budget in particular. In a recent publication, Stephen Nickell, then a member of the Monetary Policy Committee of the Bank of England, defended the letter. This article contends that Nickell's argument was wrong. This is not merely a matter of historical interest, it is important that the issues are understood if mistakes are not to be made in economic policy in the future.     

CORPORATE CAPITAL STRUCTURE AND HOW SOFT BUDGET CONSTRAINTS MAY AFFECT IT

Abstract.  This survey paper examines existing theories of capital structure and related empirical tests with the aim to derive theoretical as well empirically testable predictions about the implications of the soft budget constraint for corporate capital structure. We show that the soft budget constraint syndrome is relevant for a variety of institutional environments, from central planning to capitalist economic systems, and consider features of company financing patterns in various institutional contexts. Special attention is paid to emerging and transition economies where, with the development of financial markets, companies reduce their financial dependence on the state and begin to borrow from a variety of sources. However, due to the persistence of soft budget constraints, corporate capital structure in transition and emerging economies may still deviate significantly from the capital structure of companies operating under hard budget constraints.     

BILL CLINTON'S BUDGET: taxes, spending, gimmicks and snake oil

Will President Clinton's budget help to maintain the recovery of the American economy? Daniel Mitchell, of the Heritage Foundation, argues that it is a recipe for bigger government, more debt and slower growth.     

民族的 世界的

中国是具有五千年传统历史的文明古国,城市规划、建筑设计、景观设计都是传统文化中的重要组成部分,它们反映着古人对老庄哲学和古典美学＂天人合一＂的理想追求,更多体现的是一种诗情画意的意境创造。     

THE FUTURE OF THE NEWS IN THE DIGITAL ERA

Technical developments in the field of journalism and broadcasting are changing the shape of both media. Many of these developments are very welcome. However, there is a danger that the quality of journalism may fall and that part of society may disengage from news coverage. This may require a policy response but not necessarily the continued support of a single state-funded public service broadcaster.     

THE ECONOMY AFTER THE ELECTION

With the election out of the way and signs of recovery tentatively in place, the Government is likely to take steps to bring the economic and political cycles back into kilter so that it does not have to fight the next election under the handicap of recession. This suggests that its first priority will be to consolidate the progress on inflation with a tight fiscal and monetary stance, deferring until 1993-4 any significant relaxation of policy. Holding the exchange rate close to its present parity will therefore take priority over interest rate cuts which may have to wait on a lead from the Bundesbank. On fiscal policy the aim will be to reduce the budget deficit, which suggests a tough approach to public expenditure in this year's spending round.     

海外采珍

美国 房价又创新高 美国联邦房屋企业监督办公室（oFHEo）房价指数显示，到2005年第二季度末，全美房价年增长率为13．4％。新数据表明，这是自1979年以来房价涨幅最大的四个季度。OFHEO认为，目前没有迹象表明房价已经升到了顶点，而是将继续上升。从消费价格指数看，在过去一年，房价的上涨速度比非住房产品和服务快得多：房价上涨了13．4％，而其他产品和服务只涨了3．1％。     

THE MARKET ECONOMY AND THE TEACHINGS OF THE CHRISTIAN GOSPEL

The reality of the market economy is not an economy in which Christian values are generally evident. Although there are many prominent Christian capitalist writers, the real world is a world of rather more materialistic values. It does not have to be like that. It is possible for people to take Christian values out into the world of business and prosper.     

罗红：用镜头探测人与自然的距离

“走过了西部很多地方,偶尔也能看见一些动物,比如藏羚羊,可是他们只要一见到人总是跑得远远的。”罗红遗憾的说