EPR下生产企业闭环供应链回收运作模式选择

基于生产者延伸责任制(EPR)下闭环供应链逆向物流的研究,提出EPR下生产企业闭环供应链回收运作的三种模式:生产商自营、联营和外包给第三方回收模式;详细地分析了基于EPR下影响企业选择最优回收方案的影响因素,为闭环供应链的健康快速发展提供理论支撑。     

低碳经济下基于逆向物流的高校快递包装回收模式研究

以低碳经济为指导思想,对比分析了学校回收、快递点回收和包装生产商回收三种快递包装回收模式,建立了高校快递包装回收模式评价指标体系,通过AHP-GRA综合评价模型对三种快递包装回收模式进行了综合评价,得出了包装生产商回收模式最优的结论。在此基础上,以低碳经济为理念,提出了建立以包装生产商回收为核心的高校快递包装回收体系的优势与基础保障措施,以期达到高校快递包装回收效益最大化的目的。     

我国电子类产品逆向物流的模式及其选择研究

在分析电子类产品逆向物流驱动因素的基础上,分析比较生产商自营回收、生产商联合回收和第三方物流企业回收三种模式,针对模式选择建立评价指标体系,并说明选择的决策过程。     

家电企业逆向物流回收模式选择的关键因素分析

逆向物流有三种回收模式，即生产商负责回收、生产商联合体负责回收和第三方负责回收。本文对影响逆向物流回收模式的关键因素进行分析，为家电企业根据自身的实际情况选择适合企业未来发展的逆向物流回收模式提供了依据。     

循环共生经济下包装物逆向物流回收模式研究

通过把循环共生经济理念嵌入到包装物逆向物流回收模式中,形成了包装物逆向物流回收的四种模式:包装物生产商、包装物使用商、行业统一回收和第三方负责回收。通过比较发现,POMT生产商回收模式信息反馈容易、快速,但物流成本高,无法解决"孤儿产品",适合于生产商规模较大的企业;PUT包装商模式信息反馈也比较容易、快速,物流成本也较高,但无法解决"孤儿产品",适用于使用商规模较大的企业;IROT行业联合组合模式可以解决"孤儿产品",而且回收物流成本比较一般,但是信息反馈不易,会较大地影响企业形象;TPT第三方负责回收模式,物流成本较小,能够解决"孤儿产品",但是信息必须通过契约获得。     

逆向物流回收模式研究

逆向物流有三种回收模式,即第三方负责回收、零售商负责回收和生产商负责回收。在一定的假设 条件下,与其它几种回收模式相比,生产商直销产品并负责回收(MDST)模式,产品回收率最高,制造商的利润最 大,产品价格最低。因此,无论从保护环境和消费者利益的角度,还是从制造商获利的角度,MDST模式都是一个 相当好的模式。     

基于三方博弈的废旧家电回收模式研究

传统的废旧家电回收模式的弊端已日益凸显,以"互联网+回收"为基础的家电回收行业正逐步地发展。文章通过运用演化博弈理论框架,建立了政府、生产商、居民三方的博弈模型,并对三方博弈主体采取策略的演化稳定性进行了分析。研究结果表明,在目前的社会与市场环境下,生产商更倾向于使用互联网方式进行家电回收;政府应积极策划和搭建基于"互联网+"的回收体系;居民应主动融入到家电回收体系。     

基于差异化定价的快递包装纸箱回收策略研究

针对快递包装纸箱废弃严重及回收难的问题,研究了生产商对物流服务商与第三方回收商采取差异化定价回收的决策问题,并利用合作系数讨论了在不同合作程度下,生产商利润、物流服务商利润、第三方回收商利润以及供应链回收率的差异。研究表明,生产商与物流服务商的利润关于差异回收策略存在对称性的特征,并且二者利润随合作系数改变产生一致性的增减变化;而供应链的回收率与第三方回收商的利润则随合作程度的增加而增加。物流服务商的加入,增加了快递包装纸箱的回收可操作性,避免单一回收渠道产生回收惰性,并刺激了第三方回收商的积极性,在实现社会福利的同时,也实现了低碳环保的目的,为物流行业的可持续发展提供了参考意义。     

不确定环境下回收成本对闭环供应链系统决策的影响

通过构建闭环供应链针对不同结构成本的决策模型,并对不同规模经济结构和不确定环境下四种回收渠道方式对成员决策的影响做了定量研究和对比分析,结合具体的实例和采用数值仿真软件得到不同回收渠道下最优决策中各决策变量均衡解,分析结果表明:对于经济情形零售商式回收渠道效果最佳,利润最大,而对于不经济情形制造商自回收效果最佳,利润最大。     

逆向物流回收模式的利润最大化模型比较分析

逆向物流是一个近年来逐渐兴起的新领域,并逐步引起实务界和理论界的重视。本文首先对第三方回收、制造商回收与零售商回收三种回收模式下的利润最大化理论值进行了探讨。接着,我们对这些最优值进行了比较与分析。本文认为,在零售商回收模式下,制造商的利润大于在第三方回收模式和制造商回收模式下所获得的利润,它在三者中是最大的。本文希望经过计算的理论最优值能够被广泛应用到具体的生产实践中去,并在实践中不断加以修正。     

Competitive strategy in remanufacturing and the impact of take-back laws

This paper examines the impact of take-back laws within a manufacturer/remanufacturer competitive framework. Take-back laws require that firms take responsibility for the collection/disposal costs of their products. We consider two alternative implementations of take-back laws that are distinguished by the degree of control that the manufacturer has on returns sold to the remanufacturer. In one implementation, known as collective WEEE take-back, the manufacturer has no control over returns sold to the remanufacturer. The other implementation, known as individual WEEE take-back, gives complete control to the manufacturer.We develop a general two-period model to investigate questions of interest to policy-makers in government and managers in industry. Our results suggest that, in some settings, enactment of collective WEEE take-back will result in higher manufacturer and remanufacturer profits while simultaneously spurring remanufacturing activity and reducing the tax burden on society. A negative effect is higher consumer prices in the market. In other settings, we find that collective WEEE take-back introduces a structural change to the industry—creating an environment where remanufacturing becomes profitable when it is not profitable without a take-back law. With respect to individual WEEE take-back, we find that the manufacturer often benefits from allowing the remanufacturer to enter the market, though from a government policy-maker perspective, there are clear risks of monopolistic behavior.     

Pricing policy and coordination for a two-layer supply chain of duopolistic retailers and socially responsible manufacturer

This paper explores channel coordination and profit distribution in a two-layer socially responsible supply chain that consists of a manufacturer and two competitive retailers. In manufacturer-Stackelberg game setting, the manufacturer exhibits corporate social responsibility and the retailers play Cournot and Collusion games. Besides comparing the optimal decisions of the retailers two game behaviours, the paper analyses the effects of social responsibility on the optimal decisions. It is found that two-part tariff contract resolves channel conflict and provides win–win outcome for a specific range of the franchise fee and it is always possible to find a particular profit split using Nash bargaining product. With increasing social responsibility of the manufacturer, the coordinated wholesale prices of the manufacturer may be both decreasing or ‘U’ shaped and decreasing when the market potentials of the retailers are almost the same or significantly different. Also, at least one coordinated wholesale price is less than the manufacturer's marginal cost. The proposed model is illustrated by a numerical example.     

制造商向消费者提供价格补偿的分析

主要对制造商向消费者提供价格补偿的成本进行估计,采用定量分析的方法,建立具体的数学模型,分析所建模型的合理性,以及分析各参数对成本的影响,分析这种价格补偿机制同单纯降价相比的优越性以及这种价格补偿机制在市场中起作用的内在原因。最后表述如何在实际中灵活地应用这些模型。     

基于信息共享的供应链双源渠道Stackelberg博弈分析

对于双源渠道供应链系统中零售商和制造商的信息共享问题,引入市场需求不确定信息作为信息共享的重要影响因素,利用Stackelberg主从对策,构建了四个考虑信息共享的双源渠道供应链Stackelberg博弈模型,分析了零售商和制造商在是否分享市场不确定信息和是否运用于商务活动的博弈过程。研究结果显示:零售商和制造商都会尽可能去获取市场需求不确定信息,并且制造商会把此信息充分运用到电子商务市场来提高自己以及供应链整体利益。     

Supply chain decisions and coordination in the presence of an imperfect spot market

This study considers a supply chain consisting of a commodity supplier and a final product manufacturer with uncertain demand. In addition to purchasing from the supplier through a forward contract, the manufacturer can adjust their inventory by trading the commodity in an online spot market after observing the actual demand. However, the spot market is imperfect in that transactions cannot be certainly realized and come with additional transaction costs. Furthermore, the spot price is volatile such that overly relying on the spot market is unwise. To investigate how the spot market affects the decisions and coordination in a supply chain, we develop a game-theoretical model incorporating spot trading. We derive the optimal ordering decision in a centralized supply chain, as well as the supplier's and manufacturer's equilibrium pricing and ordering decisions in a decentralized supply chain. The impact of the imperfect spot market on the optimal decisions and profits is analyzed. This study also demonstrates how the supply chain can be coordinated in the presence of an imperfect spot market. Finally, a numerical analysis is performed to examine the analytical results. Our results indicate that the spot market can generally improve the performance of the centralized supply chain and benefit the manufacturer in the decentralized one. However, it can be detrimental to the supplier. The supply chain can be coordinated by a revenue-sharing contract, and both parties' profits can be improved. Our findings suggest that the manufacturer could take advantage of the spot market, and the supplier should attempt to integrate or coordinate the supply chain to share the benefits of spot trading.     

基于不同类型消费者的再制造策略研究

本文对一个垄断制造商的再制造策略进行了研究。首先根据消费者对于再制造产品的接受程度把消费者分为两类，然后根据不同类型消费者的特点，给出了在不同的价格策略下，再制造产品和新产品的需求函数。据此本文建立了制造商的最优决策模型，并分别给出了制造商的最优价格策略。最后通过数值分析对结果进行了进一步的验证。     

An empirical analysis of alternative parametric ARCH models

This paper presents empirical evidence on the effectiveness of eight different parametric ARCH models in describing daily stock returns. Twenty‐seven years of UK daily data on a broad‐based value weighted stock index are investigated for the period 1971–97. Several interesting results are documented. Overall, the results strongly demonstrate the utility of parametric ARCH models in describing time‐varying volatility in this market. The parameters proxying for asymmetry in models that recognize the asymmetric behaviour of volatility are highly significant in each and every case. However, the ‘performance’ of the various parameterizations is often fairly similar with the exception of the multiplicative GARCH model that performs qualitatively differently on several dimensions of performance. The outperformance of any model(s) is not consistent across different sub‐periods of the sample, suggesting that the optimal choice of a model is period‐specific. The outperformance is also not consistent as we change from in‐sample inferences to out‐of‐sample inferences within the same period. Copyright © 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

不确定环境下二级供应链机制设计

本文研究了一个不确定环境下二级供应链机制设计问题。供应商的类型被刻画为一个模糊变量。应用委托代理理论建立其期望效用最大化问题的模型。利用庞特立亚金极大值原理给出了模型最优解的必要条件。     

Optimal investment and reinsurance policies for an insurer with ambiguity aversion

In this paper, we study the optimal investment and reinsurance problem for an insurer based on the variance premium principle, in which three cases are considered. First, we assume that the financial market does not exist. The insurer only holds an insurance business, and the optimal reinsurance problem is studied. Subsequently, we assume that there exists a financial market with an accurately modeled risky asset. The optimal investment and reinsurance problem is investigated under these conditions. Finally, we consider the general case in which the insurer is concerned about the model ambiguity of both the insurance market and the financial market. In all three cases, the value function is set to maximize the expected utility of terminal wealth. By employing the dynamic programming principle, we derive the Hamilton–Jacobi–Bellman (HJB) equations, which are satisfied by the value functions and obtain closed-form solutions for optimal reinsurance and investment policies and the value functions in all three cases. Most interestingly, we elucidate how investment improves the insurer’s utility and find that the existence of ambiguity can significantly affect the optimal policies and value functions. We also compare the ambiguities in the two markets and find that ambiguity in the insurance market has much more significant impact on the value function than the ambiguity in the financial market. It implies that it is more valuable for insurer to precisely evaluate the insurance risk. We also provide some numerical examples and economic explanations to illustrate our results.     

浅析网络购物中的质量管理问题

本文就"电子商务企业建网站直接销售产品"、"电子商务企业提供平台,供买卖双方分享信息,洽谈与交易"、"制造商建网站直接销售"这三种在中国网络购物市场最典型的网络购物模式,分析三种模式下各自的质量管理体系,寻找各自在全面质量管理中的难题,并试图找出解决方案,预测中国网络购物未来走向。