企业采购合同的审计审签及其应注意的问题

采购合同审计审签是指由内部审计部门或审计人员对涉及物资、工程、服务等采购活动所签订合同的全过程，包括对合同的签订、履行过程和结果进行的审计监督、检查、评价和咨询活动。其主要目的是通过对采购合同的审签，加强对采购活动的审计监督，把采购过程隐蔽的权力公开化，集中的权力分散化，使企业各职能部门相互协调，相互监督，共同致力于成本费用的控制，最大限度地堵塞采购过程中的漏洞，实现企业效益最大化。采购合同审计审签一般分为对合同文本的审查、合同产生过程的审查和合同履行情况的审查三个环节。     

国家电网公司基于物资集约化模式下的物资合同管理

随着国家电网公司"三集五大"物资集约化进程的推进,电力物资合同需要进行集中签订和管理。但是,国家电网公司每年的合同数量众多,对于物资合同管理人员来说,工作强度和工作量都非常大,如何提高物资合同管理水平和效率已经成为国家电网公司亟待解决的问题。文章针对基于物资集约化模式的国家电网公司物资合同管理进行了分析,旨在为国家电网公司物资管理人员提供一定的参考。     

谈如何履行合同付款法律审查手续

本文着眼于合同付款环节的规范化,分析了目前合同付款审查中主要存在的问题,并从合同付款法律审查的主体和程序、审查的方法及审查监督等三个方面对如何履行合同付款前的法律审查提出了对策。     

电力物资采购合同风险管理探讨

电力企业在物资采购过程中会存在一定的风险,尤其是合同管理方面的风险尤为突出,合同风险与采购一般风险有着密切的关联,要控制合同风险就要采取综合的方法。文章对电力物资采购合同风险的分类进行了论述,构建了采购合同风险识别指标体系,最后针对电力物资采购合同风险提出了一系列的应对措施。     

电力物资采购合同风险管理探讨

电力企业在物资采购过程中会存在一定的风险,尤其是合同管理方面的风险尤为突出,合同风险与采购一般风险有着密切的关联,要控制合同风险就要采取综合的方法。文章对电力物资采购合同风险的分类进行了论述,构建了采购合同风险识别指标体系,最后针对电力物资采购合同风险提出了一系列的应对措施。     

加强物资采购合同审计 努力降低物资采购成本

一、加强物资采购合同审计的必要性 从目前的现状来看,我国大部分国有企业的内审机构还没有介入到物资采购合同的审计,即使已经介入的少数企业,合同审计一般也是进行事后监督,无法达到事前控制的目的。这种现状势必造成采购合同的签订过程缺少监督,采购权限掌握在单一的物资采购部门,甚至掌握在少数人手中,由于多方面的因素,这种采购活动容易出现漏洞,给企业造成不必要的经济损失。为了全面强化物资采购环节的监督制约机制,严格控制物资采购成本,就需要内审机构全面介入物资采购合同签订过程,实现从前期调查到合同签订再到合同履行的全过程监督,     

如何审查合同

企业要实现订立合同的预期目的，合同管理人员应对企业内部各部门起草的合同作认真的推敲，进行审查把关，审查合同的标的、内容、主体等方面是否符合国家法律、政策的规定，审查合同内容是属于国家允许、鼓励经营的范围，还是被限制或禁止的范围，审查合同条款是否齐全、完备、严谨、以保证所签订的合同合法有效、切实可行。审查合同应从以下几个方面进行。     

电力物资采购合同风险管理探讨

电力企业在物资采购过程中会存在一定的风险，尤其是合同管理方面的风险尤为突出，合同风险与采购一般风险有着密切的关联，要控制合同风险就要采取综合的方法。文章对电力物资采购合同风险的分类进行了论述，构建了采购合同风险识别指标体系，最后针对电力物资采购合同风险提出了一系列的应对措施。     

电力物资采购合同风险管理的探讨

在电力物资采购合同风险管理工作中,相关企业单位应当参照现阶段合同管理工作开展的实际需求,革新合同管理模式、管理方法,在此期间电力企业需要对物资采购合同风险问题进行有效识别控制,结合科学高效的管理措施,对现有的管理方法进行优化、创新、改善。在此期间,电力企业需要对现有的物流协同合作管理模式进行优化改革,同时还需要制定较为灵活多变的合同管理机制,制定弹性较强的合同管理模式。本文对电力物资采购合同风险管理措施进行分析探讨。     

初探物流采购合同

本文从合同、经济合同以及采购合同的概念特点入手,分析了物流采购合同的特征,最后还从采购的物资、物资的发送与交接、价格与货款结算、履行合同的经济责任以及合同的附则及其他条款等五方面对物流采购合同的内容做了探讨。     

An assessment and ranking of barriers to doing environmental business with China

The transfer of environmental goods and services to China will increasingly be of importance to developed nations as the demand for environmental management services increases in China. A review of the literature on technology transfer to China revealed a range of well recognized and commonly known constraints to transferring technologies to China. There were gaps in the literature in relation to the concerns that environmental professionals have regarding technology transfer to China, as there is limited information on the transfer in environmental goods and services to China. A survey of the non‐trade barriers and their practical impact on the transfer of environmental technologies and goods and services to China, focusing on Australian suppliers, was undertaken to address these gaps. The survey, which was developed from barriers to technology transfer already described in the extensive research addressing the wider issues of technology transfer to China, targeted environmental professionals but also included other professionals with interests in transferring environmental goods and services to China. From the survey, the highest priority barriers to transferring environmental goods and service to China were identified, and those that are most likely to limit Australian vendors of environmental goods and services in their technology transfers to China were protection of intellectual property (IP), limitations of the rule of law, fragmentation and bureaucracy of the Chinese government and establishing appropriate level of ownership (of environmental goods and services providers in China). Examples of Australian experience were also examined, which confirmed these barriers to providing the needed technology and innovation to manage China's increasing environmental impacts. The research also shows that the barriers identified do not appear to be unique to transfer of environmental goods and services but rather generic to the transfer and adoption of Australian technology into China. Copyright © 2007 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment.     

UNDERSTANDING PREFERENCE IMPRECISION

The term ‘preference imprecision’ seems to have different meanings to different people. In the literature, one can find references to a number of expressions. For example: vagueness, incompleteness, randomness, unsureness, indecisiveness and thick indifference curves. Some of these are theoretical constructs, some are empirical. The purpose of this paper is to survey the various different approaches and to try to link them together: to see if they are all addressed to the same issue, and to come to some conclusions. In the course of this survey, we report on evidence concerning the existence of preference imprecision, and its impact on theoretical and empirical work.     

The Familiar Face of the State: Affect,Emotion and Citizen Entitlements in Dehradun,India

Municipal Councillors (MCs) are the ‘familiar face of the state’ in Dehradun, India: the first port of call for citizens seeking to claim entitlements from the state. The way MCs respond to the requests of their constituents is a major factor in the uneven distribution of government welfare and services. This article seeks to contribute to understandings of citizen entitlements by drawing attention to the role of affect and emotion in shaping the interactions between MCs and voters. I examine the ways citizens consciously or unconsciously engender emotions and affective responses, and the effect these have in mobilizing MCs. Attention to the, at times, involuntary nature of these responses suggests a need to go beyond the instrumental and calculating motivations of municipal councillors, to consider the way they are compelled and animated to meet the demands of some citizens, but not of others. The capacity to affect, and the ways one is affected, are tied to the social identities and self-making projects of both the MC and the voter, resulting in an uneven (mal)distribution of state resources. A focus on affective configurations in urban governance thereby reveals heretofore overlooked determinants of unequal access to urban resources and services.     

加强专项资金预算管理的几点思考

资金是企事业单位保持正常运营的物质基础,直接关系到单位基本职能的发挥。近年来,专项资金在企事业单位财务中的占比不断提高,专项资金类型越来越复杂,有必要进一步加强专项资金的预算管理。目前,部分单位“重申报轻执行”,存在专项资金挤占现象,易导致单位专项资金的流失和浪费,不利于专项工作任务的推进。因此,论文针对专项资金预算管理问题展开探讨和分析,并对如何加强专项资金预算管理提出相应建议。     

论铁路多元经营企业的工资激励机制

近年来,铁路多元经营企业的管理架构、体翩和职能进一步优化,多元经营发展呈现良好态势。为鼓励多元经营企业延伸产业链条、拓展市场领域,运用工资调控的导向和激励作用尤为重要。文章着眼于现行工资管理模式,剖析工资激励机制中存在的问题及成因,并就如何逐步建立与市场接轨的工资管理体系,发挥工资杠杆激励约束功能,增强企业的发展动力进行有益探讨。     

加强医院财务管理 防范医院经营风险

财务会计风险作为一种信号,能够全面综合反映医院的经营状况。为此,必须加强法律体系建设,建立健全医院内部监督机制,加强外部监督,加强单位负责人的会计监督责任,培养高素质的会计人员,建立预警分析指标体系,防范财务危机,进行适当的财务风险决策。     

基于企业内部供应链的订单流程优化研究

随着经济增长和科技发展,电子产品成为日益增长的消费品,且客户的个性化需求快速发展,使得当今的电子产品制造型企业,为适应激烈市场竞争环境的要求,分解竞争压力,开始将生产经营纷纷转向以顾客订单为导向的按单生产模式,以降低经营风险。在这种生产经营模式下,如何优化订单流程,及时、高效满足客户需求,提高客户忠诚度,成为制造型企业亟待解决的问题。由于订单流是内部供应链的媒介,基于内部供应链进行订单流程优化能够满足企业的需求,通过描述订单流程图,分析现有订单流程中存在的问题,并建立了新的可行性流程。     

装填机械臂动力学仿真及有限元分析

基于某型自行火炮药筒仍为人工装填,极大的限制了火炮的发射效率,本文提出采用机械臂代替人工装填药筒,完成该型火炮弹药装填的全自动化。通过建立装填机械臂三维实体模型,导入在ADAMS并构建虚拟样机进行动力学仿真,求得机械臂各关节力矩,对杆件进行有限元分析,校核杆件强度及变形。动力学及有限元分析结果为装填机械臂控制系统设计奠定了基础,同时为关节电机选型提供了依据,对运动学和静力学分析所得的关节参数进行修正,形成交互式设计模式不断优化机械臂本体结构。     

Distribution of stock ratings and analyst recommendation revision

With the implementation of NASD Rule 2711 in 2002, each brokerage firm is now required to publicly disseminate the distribution of stock ratings in each research report. Hence, this paper investigates the relationship between the percentage of buy recommendations and probability of deciding to downgrade or drop coverage of stocks. Our findings suggest that the percentage of buy recommendations can enhance the probability of deciding to downgrade stock ratings and drop coverage of stocks. Furthermore, we find that analysts tend to revise their recommendations downward to hold instead of an unfavorable level. In addition, we find the market tends to heed downgrade decisions of analysts with a higher percentage of buy ratings. This finding is consistent with Barber, Lehavy, McNichols, and Trueman (2006) by applying data at the broker level.This study further investigates the changing dynamic in buy ratio of analysts by partitioning pre and post regulatory reform period. We show that analysts are more likely to revise their ratings to hold and less likely to revise their ratings to sell; in particular after post regulatory reform. Moreover, we observe one key coefficient in the post-Rule period with superior performance in contrast to the pre-Rule period. Compared to the results in the pre-Rule period, the results show that analysts are more likely to revise their ratings to hold and less likely to revise ratings to sell, and more likely to drop coverage of stocks in the post-Rule period. Overall, our findings suggest that the implementation of Rule 2711 will contribute to reduce analysts’ optimistic stock ratings.     

资源节约制度创新基本思路与对策研究

节约资源是落实科学发展观的具体行动,是转变经济发展方式、实现社会经济可持续发展的必然选择。为提高市场配置资源的效率,推动资源节约,尤其是能源、主要初级原材料、水资源的节约,现行管理制度需要进一步创新,制度创新需要相应的保障对策予以支持。