云南石林集镇体系发展模式研究

聚落是人类生存的基本环境,集镇作为聚落完整体系的中间环节,在农村城镇化的发展过程中地位突出.本研究提出聚落是一个连续发展的有机整体的观点,强调集镇在聚落体系中的依托作用,在此基础上,结合实证对山区集镇的时空分布、结构层次、形成机理等展开了多视角的研究.研究发现,山区集镇体系发展受地理环境条件限制,表现出不同于平原地区的若干特征.研究结果表明:山区集镇体系发展的主要控制参量复杂多变;集镇等级规模和交通条件分别是山区集镇体系发展的主要内外部控制参量;范围维系和时空协同是山区集镇体系未来发展的控制机理.     

云南宣威市集镇体系分形特征及影响因素

基于熵值法对集镇规模量化评价,以位序—规模法则、聚集维数、网格维数、关联维数为方法的宣威市集镇体系分形研究表明:①集镇体系规模和空间结构都具有明显分形特征,但也存在分形发育不完善等问题。②集镇体系规模分布分散,兼具"发育不足"和"差异显著"双重特征,向心性与城镇体系相异、均衡性差、交通联系薄弱,呈"小聚集"形态分布于河谷、交通线及坝区,"多圈层"、"多中心"和"低海拔指向"特征明显。③分形发育受自组组织力量交织影响,"山、河、坝"相间分布的地理环境是集镇体系分形的基础支撑,交通因素是分形发育的控制变量。可利用分形理论进行聚落体系规划,扶持重点集镇、改善交通条件促进集镇体系优化。     

清代区域矿产开发的空间差异与矿业盛衰——以湖南郴州桂阳州为例

本文通过对清代湖南郴州和桂阳州矿厂(点)在采数量、时间和产量的空间分布的考察,分析了二州矿产开发的特征、差异及其原因,同时还探讨了二州矿业的盛衰变迁及其原因。本文认为,清代郴桂二州的矿业虽并称繁荣,但二州矿产开发各有侧重,总体上,桂阳州的矿业比郴州发达,这不仅与资源分布有关,还与二州清代以前不同的开发状况及其留给时人的影响、交通条件、产业结构等因素有关。清代本区矿业最兴盛的时期是乾隆至嘉庆初年,政治形势、经济、人口、技术、帝王思想以及民间的反对等等因素均影响到矿业的盛衰。     

城市郊区城镇化的历史继承性——以宁波鄞州区为例

根据宁波市鄞州区从宋代至清末翔实而连续的地方志史料,梳理、解读鄞州区城镇发展的自然地理背景和历史市场基础,剖析其城镇的历史发展过程。宋代到明代间,鄞州区的集镇在平原和山区分界线上发育成长、形成第一个集镇圈;明代到清初,在平原中部形成第二个集镇圈;清初到民国时期,集市在两圈之间增加。集镇之间没有明显的层级关系,其分布格局与平原区域和河流水网密切关联,在漫长的形成过程中,奠定现代小城镇的分布格局。因此,鄞州区城镇长期历史发展形成的集镇格局,有着深刻的历史继承性,是未来城市发展不可忽视的历史基础。     

清代宗族义庄的发展——以苏南地区为考察中心

义庄始于北宋,盛于清朝,以苏南地区最为兴盛集中。本文借助族谱、方志、文集等史料,在前人基础上,进一步梳理清代苏南义庄的数量,考察其空间分布,探讨其兴盛缘由,藉以管窥清代苏南社会的发展变迁和时代特征。     

中国上市公司的空间分布研究

本文首先对我国上市公司的发展阶段及股票市场的发展情况做了简要概括.并以全国各省市上市公司的数量为依据,从数量和密度两个角度,分析了我国上市公司的空间分布规律和特征.进而得出结论,认为我国上市公司在空间上呈现出较大的差异,这将会影响地区经济的平衡发展.最后,本文从地理、经济以及政策三个方面论证了直接影响我国地区间上市公司发展差异的主要因素.     

城镇化进程中集镇建设对策建议

随着我国城镇化进程的加快,集镇作为社会主义新农村建设的重要载体,在实现城乡经济社会全面协调可持续发展中起着非常重要的作用.但由于投资不足,体制不顺,(乡)镇集镇建设技术力量薄弱,依法用地、依法建设的意识淡薄等因素,各地集镇规划建设管理存在诸多急需解决的问题和矛盾.这就需要各地各级政府要把建设集镇、发展集镇、经营集镇作为当前繁荣经济,促进发展的重要内容,在集镇规划建设管理工作中坚持因地制宜、立足长远、突出重点、注重实效,以促进经济、社会发展为目标,充分运用市场机制,坚持可持续发展战略,通过加强基础设施和公共设施建设,完善集镇功能,推动城乡经济社会全面协调发展.     

清代长江红船救生的地位和效果研究

本文认为清代巴县救生水手有家族式加入、人员长期稳定的特征,一方面透露出清代四川移民家族式迁入的社会特征,一方面显现清代长江救生水手是收入相对较高的衙役职位,进而可看出清代中国长江公益救生体系在社会运作中的地位是相当重要的.清代红船救生的效果一度很好,但红船手水禀报县衙案情可能存有虚报,而县衙上报更高一级的宪台和臬宪的清册,虚报更为严重.这两者间的虚实之差,让我们窥见了清代社会陋习积弊和官场生态的潜规则.     

基于GIS的秦安县乡村聚落空间演变特征及其驱动机制研究

以甘肃省秦安县为研究对象,以DEM和1998、2008年秦安县遥感数据为数据源,利用GIS空间分析方法,研究了1998—2008年秦安县乡村聚落的空间分布格局及其变化特征。研究表明：①秦安县人口和聚落密度较高,乡村聚落在空间分布上极为分散,空间扩展特征显著;②秦安县不同高程与坡度上分布的聚落斑块,其数量与面积均存在明显的差异,聚落斑块随高程和坡度均呈正态分布且表现出明显的空间集聚态势;③聚落沿道路与河流集聚分布的趋向十分明显,随着距河流距离的增加,聚落斑块数量迅速减少;④地形等自然条件决定了秦安县乡村聚落的总体空间分布格局,但人口增长、经济发展、城镇建设、交通条件、政策制度以及传统文化等因素,对秦安县乡村聚落空间分布格局的演变具有重要的影响。     

关于乡村集镇化和集镇建设的探讨

农村经济体制改革的深入,农村商品生产和商品交换的发展,已经把农村集镇建设的课题历史地摆到了我们的面前。看来,乡镇企业的发展要以集镇为基地,农村商品交换要以集镇为市场,离土不离乡的人口要以集镇为聚居点,开始走上富裕之路的农民要以集镇为文化教育的中心,城乡的交流和融     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.