道教生态伦理观对我国宗教生态旅游的启示

宗教生态旅游是一种新型的文化旅游,它标示着人类追寻人与自然、人与人和谐共同发展的愿望,最终达到人类自身完善的目的。道教是我国土生土长的宗教,其内涵博大精深。道教生态论理观对我国宗教生态旅游具有着深刻的启示作用。     

东西方商业文化差异与贸易

一、文化与商业文化世界各国对文化内涵的理解不尽相同,但一般把文化界定为：人类社会历史实践过程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的总和。这种界定不失为精确,但它并不易真正理解和把握;我们不妨把文化理解为：人类社会历史进程中所创造的物质财富和精神财富的积累或沉...     

文化社会学视角下的宗教旅游浅析

本文主要从文化社会学理论中的文化模式、文化传播、文化冲突、文化变迁、文化控制等方面对宗教旅游进行分析,试图加深对宗教旅游活动及其经济行为的认识,揭示宗教旅游活动发展的条件、状况以及影响,以便能够更好更理性地开发宗教旅游资源、进行宗教旅游规划和发展好宗教旅游业。     

文化社会学视角下的宗教旅游浅析

本文主要从文化社会学理论中的文化模式、文化传播、文化冲突、文化变迁、文化控制等方面对宗教旅游进行分析,试图加深对宗教旅游活动及其经济行为的认识,揭示宗教旅游活动发展的条件、状况以及影响,以便能够更好更理性地开发宗教旅游资源、进行宗教旅游规划和发展好宗教旅游业。     

国人性格的地域差异及其商业文化表征

本文分析了国人性格特征的地域差异及其成因,描述了南北方人的经商习惯和商业文化特征,提出了在国内跨文化进行商业往来应注意的问题及其解决方法。     

浅谈东西方休闲文化的差异

从古至今,体闲在东方与西方的文化中都占有重要的地位,或以心灵的宁静为目标,或以个性的彰显为表现,殊途同归,都是在追逐人类更深处的一种满足。尤其在当今社会,物质大量丰富,对于人生的重要目的——休闲,成为热议话题。东西方都有着悠远的历史,然而对于体闲的理解和实践却存在很大差异。     

文化视角下日美企业管理思想差异分析及启示

当今世界的企业管理思想,总体可以分为以日美为代表的东方和西方的两种不同企业管理思想模式,日美企业管理思想差异源于两国不同的历史文化背景。本文基于文化视角对两国企业管理思想的差异进行深层次的剖析,进而得到一些有益启迪,并以此为借鉴,对我国企业管理思想进行反思。     

东西方建筑文化的差异

本文以建筑材料、建筑的空间布局等方面为载体,简要简介了东西方建筑文化发展,从世界观、臆念化与精神性、追求意境与追求形式完美、政治色彩与世俗色彩等角度分析了东西方建筑文艺的差异,得到东方与西方建筑文化的差异就是哲学观念的不同.     

商业启示

<正> 现代商业怎样结合传统文化并从中获益,同时又能更好的保护和发扬传统文化,一直是个敏感而尖锐的话题。经营者在看中了用传统文化提高利润的时候,一定要做好全面、细致、长远的策划,在古典与时尚的碰撞中寻找能被广泛接受的商业形态。现代商业与传统文化相得益彰,精妙结合,国内已有很多成功案例。     

Religious Intensity,Evangelical Christianity,and Business Ethics: An Empirical Study

Research on the relationship between religious commitment and business ethics has produced widely varying results and made the impact of such commitment unclear. This study presents an empirical investigation based on a questionnaire survey of business managers and professionals in the United States yielding a database of 1234 respondents. Respondents evaluated the ethical acceptability of 16 business decisions. Findings varied with the way in which the religion variable was measured. Little relationship between religious commitment and ethical judgment was found when responses were compared on the basis of broad faith categories – Catholic, Protestant, Jewish, other religions, and no religion. However, respondents who indicated that religious interests were of high or moderate importance to them demonstrated a higher level of ethical judgment (less accepting of unethical decisions) than others in their evaluations. Evangelical Christians also showed a higher level of ethical judgment.     

Teaching Managers to Respond Ethically to Organizational Crises: an inquiry into the case method

Many managers now routinely receive training in business ethics using the case method. However the efficacy of this training has not been studied. Organizational crises, in the form of cases which present managers with ethical dilemmas, are commonly used to illustrate principles in business ethics courses. As illustrated in the classroom, these organizational ethical crises often result in severe financial consequences for the organization involved such as litigation or bankruptcy. The present study assessed the potential of the case method for teaching managers to respond ethically to organizational crisis. The author also assessed the role of organizational and ideographic factors in determining which managers would choose to act. Managers who had received classroom training in ethical case analysis were compared to those who had not. The majority in both groups of managers chose to take action when confronted with ethical dilemmas. However, managers who had received ethical training were more likely to act in some ethical situations than managers who had not. The ethical culture of an organization and the gender of the managers was also found to influence managerial action in response to ethical dilemmas.     

Questionable Business Practices in Russia

ABSTRACT

This article applies Integrative Social Contracts Theory (Donaldson and Dunfee, 1994) to ethical issues in business situations in Russia arising between Russians and Westerners. The theory bases ethical decision making on universal hypernorms which are fundamental to human existence regardless of culture or nationality. Simultaneously, specific norms exist that may differ from one community or culture to another. The theory includes six criteria to help resolve conflicts among these different groups. This article uses a common situation of blat or personal favoritism in Russian business to illustrate how the theory can be applied to conflicting norms in interactions between Western business people and their counterparts in Central and Eastern European countries.     

Religiousness, Love of Money, and Ethical Attitudes of Malaysian Evangelical Christians in Business

Recent research suggests there may be a link between religiousness and business ethics. This study seeks to add to the understanding of the relationship through a questionnaire survey on Malaysian Christians in business. The questionnaire taps into three different constructs. The religiousness construct is reflected in the level of participation in various common religious activities. The love of money construct is captured through the Love of Money Scale as used in Luna-Arocas and Tang [Journal of Business Ethics 50 (2004) 329]. Response to 25 business vignettes taken from Conroy and Emerson [Journal of Business Ethics 50 (2004) 383] would surface ethical attitudes. A convenience sample of 300 was drawn from three large churches in the Kuala Lumpur area each with a congregation exceeding 1000 together with some representation from the smaller churches. The study finds some differences in the ethical attitudes of Malaysian Christians in business with different levels of religiousness. The study also finds that those longer in the faith are less accepting of unethical behavior. As such it can be concluded that there are ethical attitude differences between Christians in business with different levels of religiousness. This lends support to the claim of a positive relationship between religion and business ethics. The more significant finding is that even within a somewhat homogenous religious group there are different love of money profiles resulting in significant differences in ethical attitudes. This suggests that moderating money attitudes can contribute towards stronger ethical attitudes. Hong Meng Wong BEcons(Hons)(Malaya), MBA(Cranfield), DBA(UniSA), FCA, ACIS, is the National Secretary of the Full Gospel Business Men's Fellowship Malaysia. His more than 30 years of professional experience had been in management consulting, merchant banking, commercial banking and stock broking. Since becoming a Christian in 1981 he has been actively involved in ministering to men in the marketplace. His burden is to help improve the ethics of Christians in business.     

Moral Issues and Gender Differences in Ethical Judgment using Reidenbach and Robin’s (1990) Multidimensional Ethics Scale: Implications in Teaching of Business Ethics

In this study, we examined moral issues and gender differences in ethical judgment using Reidenbach and Robin’s [Journal of Business Ethics 9 (1990) 639) multidimensional ethics scale (MES). A total of 340 undergraduate students were asked to provide ethical judgment by rating three moral issues in the MES labeled: ‚sales’, ‚auto’, and ‚retail’ using three ethics theories: moral equity, relativism, and contractualism. We found that female students’ ratings of ethical judgment were consistently higher than that of male students across two out of three moral issues examined (i.e., sales and retails) and ethics theories; providing support for Eagly’s [1987, Sex Differences in Social Behavior: A Social-role Interpretation. (Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Inc, Hillsdale, NJ, England)] social role theory. After controlling for moral issues, women’s higher ratings of ethical judgment over men’s became statistically non-significant. Theoretical and practical implications based on the study’s findings are provided. Nhung T. Nguyen, assistant professor of human resource management at Towson University, received her Ph.D. in management from Virginia Commonwealth University in 2001. Her research focuses on the use of situational judgement and personality tests in personnel selection, ethics in management education, and the application of meta-analysis and structural equations modeling in organizational research. Her research has appeared in the Journal of Applied Psychology, the International Journal of Selection and Assessment, Applied H.R.M. Research, and Journal of Applied Social Psychology among others. M. Tom Basuray, Professor of Management at Towson University, received his Ph.D. in Business Administration in 1974 from University of Oklahoma. His research interests are in areas of organizational effectiveness, leadership and development. His articles have appeared in Journal of Organizational Change Management, Education & Psychological Measurement, International Journal of Management, Leadership and Organizational Development Journal, and Journal of Experiential Learning and Simulation. He has consulted with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Public Broadcasting Corporation, and various state and municipal government agencies both in Maryland and North Dakota. William P.Smith, Associate Professor of Management in the College of Business and Economics at Towson University, received his Ph.D. in Business Administration from Arizona State University in 1982. His research interests include business ethics, privacy in the workplace and the role of social activism in corporate governance. Donald Kopka, an Assistant Professor at Towson University, received his Ph.D., in International Business from George Washington University in 1995. He teaches Business Strategy, Management Principles, and Entrepreneurship and Small Business, and was Director of the Cornerstone-Professional Experience Program in the College of Business and Economics from 1999–2003. In 2004 he was a Fulbright Scholar in Vietnam where he taught entrepreneurship and business strategy, worked on curriculum development, and conducted ongoing research on supporting industries. Information on his Fulbright experience can be found at his website . His research interests include entrepreneurship, business development, and teaching pedagogy. He formerly ran a property management business, was a program manager at the U.S. Small Business Administration, and served as a Peace Corps Volunteer in the Philippines. Donald N. McCulloh, Lecturer in Management at Towson University, received his M.S. degree in Financial Management from The George Washington Unversity in 1968. He teaches Management Principles and has also taught Leadership. He served as Vice President for Administration and Finance at Towson University until his retirement in 1997, since then he has been a full-time member of the Management faculty. He has also served in the United States Air Force, and worked in several manufacturing industries and the automotive industry. He was Executive Director of a non-profit community development corporation.     

The Moderating Effect of Individuals' Perceptions of Ethical Work Climate on Ethical Judgments and Behavioral Intentions

Dimensions of the ethical work climate, as conceptualized by Victor and Cullen (1988), are potentially important influences on individual ethical decision-making in the organizational context. The present study examined the direct and indirect effects of individuals' perceptions of work climate on their ethical judgments and behavioral intentions regarding an ethical dilemma. A national sample of marketers was surveyed in a scenario-based research study. The results indicated that, although perceived climate dimensions did not have a direct effect on behavioral intentions, there were significant moderating effects. Climates perceived as emphasizing social responsibility and rules/codes moderated the individual ethical judgment-behavioral intentions relationship such that individuals were less likely to say that they would engage in a questionable selling practice even when they themselves did not believe the practice to be unethical. Respondents were somewhat more likely to form intentions consistent with their judgment that the questionable practice was morally acceptable when the ethical climate was characterized by an emphasis on team/friendship.     

20年来国内凯瑟琳·安·波特研究综述

凯瑟琳·安·波特是美国南方女性作家的杰出代表。国内对波特小说的研究已有二、三十年时间,主要的研究方向是波特小说中所体现的女性意识、南方意识、宗教观点等。在综述了国内近年来波特研究成果的基础上,探讨了波特小说今后的研究趋势。     

What Does it Mean when Mitchell Gets an ‘A’ in Business Ethics? or the Importance of Service Learning

In this essay I show that business needs business school graduates who are capable of ethical business action. Thus, business ethics courses should help students develop the capacities and skills they will need to act ethically at work. Towards this developmental end, I list eight steps business ethicists can take to implement service learning in their courses. I show how service learning in the classroom can be combined with a college honorary program to promote ethical business actions in students.     

Ethical Cycles and Trends: Evidence and Implications

Recent high-profile corporate scandals are reminiscent of the corporate raider scandals of the 1980s, suggesting that ethical scandals may occur in waves. This article provides a framework for analysis of this question by suggesting that ethical attitudes may be cyclical about long-term secular trends. We provide some empirical evidence from previously published work for the existence of cycles as well as a potential mechanism for their propagation, namely widespread publicity about a particularly salient event, e.g., Enron. Further, we posit that long-run secular trends would be affected through more deliberate, cognitive means, e.g., instruction in business ethics. We also discuss an important research implication, namely that traditional cross-sectional “book-end” studies surveying ethical attitudes at two different points in time may be unable to disentangle short-run cyclical movements from long-term secular trends.      

The Effectiveness of Corporate Ethics On-site Visits for Teaching Business Ethics

This paper describes and reports the evaluation ofusing corporate ethics field site visits in a businessethics course. The dilemma of how to design ameaningful business ethics course has been the subjectof debate for business school ethics instructors andis reviewed here. The structure of the site visitsand how student work is evaluated is presented. Twostudies evaluating the field site visits were done. The first study utilized qualitative methods toevaluate students' reactions as well as comments fromthe corporate ethics officers who host the visits. The second study utilized a pretest-posttest surveydesign to quantitatively evaluate student reactions tothe site visits. Results showed a statisticallysignificant, positive change in students' attitudes. This effect was moderated by gender, showing astronger positive effect for females than for males.