A Dynamic Model of the Choice of Technology in Economic Development

In this overlapping-generations model, there is unemployment in the manufacturing sector. Manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose technologies to maximize profits. With capital as a fixed cost of production, increasing returns in the manufacturing sector exist. In the unique steady state, first, when individuals become more patient, the savings rate increases while the level of an individual’s income decreases. Second, an increase in population or percentage of income spent on manufactured goods does not change steady-state technology while the level of an individual’s income decreases. Third, an increase in the wage rate leads manufacturing firms to choose more advanced technologies and the steady-state capital stock increases. Finally, an increase in the level of subsidies to technology adoption does not change steady-state technology.     

The choice of technology in economic development

The impact of capital accumulation on job creation is an important and interesting issue in economic development. This model provides a general-equilibrium framework for studying technology choice with unemployment in a developing economy based on micro-foundations. Unemployment in the urban sector results from the existence of efficiency wages. Manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose technologies to maximise profits. A more advanced technology uses more capital and less labour. In the steady state, an increase in the amount of capital induces firms to choose more advanced technologies and the wage rate increases. While a higher capital stock always induces firms to choose more advanced technologies, urban unemployment rate may decrease and agricultural sector employment may increase.     

对乌克兰科技创新发展经济的认识

科技创新发展经济是全球科技与经济发展的趋势，本文研究了乌克兰在经济转型期依赖科技创新发展经济的一些主要政策和措施，对我国开展技术创新与发展经济有一定的借鉴意义。     

城乡结合部社区自然-社会-经济复合系统可持续发展策略

以北京市六郎庄社区为研究对象,采用系统思想探讨了大城市周边城乡结合部自然-社会-经济复合系统的发展特征和可持续发展能力.研究表明,六郎庄社区的社会系统可持续发展能力总体较弱,在社区公共安全、社会保障、医疗、文体设施建设等方面都需要大力提升.六郎庄社区的经济发展乏力,缺乏长远考虑,导致居民收入大幅增加动力不足.六郎庄社区环境质量状况较差,且呈现恶化的趋势,急待改善.创新管理体制,建立城乡结合部“居住地治理”模式;构建多层次的产业发展体系,盘活城乡结合部经济;将城乡结合部社区建设纳入城市建设体系,全面推进城乡一体化:加强基础设施建设等措施,将有效推进城乡结合部可持续发展进程.     

经济增长与银行的合约选择

由于信息不对称对资本积累过程的影响,为了维持足够的经济增长速度,银行必须考虑签订消除贷款人与借款人之间信息不对称的合约,让更多的可贷资金流向生产性投资,推动经济走向更高的资本积累路径。     

破解城乡差距之困:基于劳动力流转模型的实证分析

农村劳动力转移无疑可以缩小中国的城乡差距。然而,在现实的劳动力流动过程中却存在诸多包括现行土地制度在内的障碍。文章在拓展Todaro模型的基础上,基于CFPS(中国家庭动态跟踪调查)数据实证分析了土地制度对农村劳动力流动的影响。研究结果表明,我国现行的土地制度限制了农地需求,从而抑制了农地流转市场的发育。这不仅导致农民在市民化过程中无法将农地的未来收益充分变现,还增加了农民市民化的机会成本,并进一步阻碍了城市化进程和城乡差距问题的解决。因而,完善土地流转制度,给予农民"市民化补贴"以推进农村劳动力转移,从而加速城市化进程,是破解城乡差距之困的根本途径。     

International Trade with Increasing Returns in the Transportation Sector

In this general equilibrium framework, the transportation sector is modeled as a distinct sector with increasing returns. A more advanced technology has a higher fixed cost but a lower marginal cost of production. Even with both manufacturing finns and transportation firms engaged in oligopolistic competition and optimally choosing their technologies, the model is tractable and results are derived analytically. Technology adoptions in the manufacturing sector and transportation sector are reinforcing, and multiple equilibria may exist. Firms choose more advanced technologies and the prices decrease when the size of the population is larger.     

企业技术创新战略选择机制问题的研究

技术创新战略的选择对企业有着深远影响,甚至关系到企业的生存。如何建立有效的技术创新战略选择机制一直是困扰企业的难题。把企业技术创新战略选择机制的重点放在企业比较容易测度、使用的方法上来,对企业技术创新进行较为细致的风险估计、战略选择的博弈分析,并介绍了Logistic生长模型,为企业选择技术创新战略提供了便利的分析工具。     

北京城乡一体化发展新趋势研究

随着北京第十一次党代会胜利召开,城乡一体化规划变得更加深入化与实际化.城市和乡村之间的关系,就如同树木和泥土之间的关系.城市的繁华发展救济着乡村,使乡村得以稳定发展,而城市却每时每刻都离不开乡村的喂养.二者总是水乳交融、相互依存.“十一五”时期和“十二五”的前两年是北京市社会建设发展最快、人民群众得实惠最多的时期,实现“以工补农,以城带乡”,协调了北京城乡空间布局,改善了人居和发展环境,促进了经济、社会、人口、资源、环境全面协调可持续发展,呈现了城乡一体化发展的新趋势.     

Development Dynamics: Economic Integration and the Demographic Transition

This paper examines the influence of economic integration—widening of the trading area—on economic development and the demographic transition. Economies produce with different technologies depending on their scale. Greater integration between regions (greater extensive scale) is instrumental in changing rates of return, which generates an industrial revolution and provokes changes in child bearing behavior. The demographic transition follows from the mortality response to income and birth response to greater scale. The model is calibrated and simulated using historical data from Europe. Historical evidence is cited to support the idea that integration precedes the dramatic rise in economic growth rates.     

The Choice of Technology and Equilibrium Wage Rigidity

In this general equilibrium model, firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose increasing returns technologies to maximize profits. Capital and labor are the two factors of production. The existence of efficiency wages leads to unemployment. The model is able to explain some interesting observations of the labor market. First, even though there is neither long-term labor contract nor costs of wage adjustment, wage rigidity is an equilibrium phenomenon: an increase in the exogenous job separation rate, the size of the population, the cost of exerting effort, and the probability that shirking is detected will not change the equilibrium wage rate. Second, the equilibrium wage rate increases with the level of capital stock. Third, a higher level of capital stock does not necessarily reduce the unemployment rate. That is, there is no monotonic relationship between capital accumulation and the unemployment rate.     

基于模糊综合评判的县域科技进步与经济发展的协调性分析

在建立评判指标体系的基础上,根据模糊数学理论构建了县域科技进步与经济发展的协调性模糊综合评判模型。经过实证分析,证明该模型在评判县域科技进步与经济发展的协调性方面是可行的,并具有一定的指导价值和现实意义。     

Unemployment and Economic Integration for Developing Countries

While financial or trade integration between countries may increase the size of the market and aid the adoption of more advanced technologies, will it also increase the level of urban unemployment for a developing country? In this model, there is unemployment in the urban sector. Manufacturing firms engage in oligopolistic competition and choose increasing returns technologies to maximize profits. Financial firms provide capital to manufacturing firms and they also engage in oligopolistic competition. We show that an increase in the wage rate in the manufacturing sector changes neither the level of technology nor the level of employment in the manufacturing sector. While financial or trade integration between developing countries leads manufacturing firms to adopt more advanced technologies, the level and rate of employment in the manufacturing sector will not deteriorate.     

二次城市化、土地开发与经济增长

文章将二次城市化水平定义为城镇户籍人口占城镇总人口的比重,构建了一个包含城市化、二次城市化和城市土地开发的中央计划者模型,在利用1985-2008年数据对模型参数进行估计的基础上,模拟分析了城市化对经济增长的影响。结果发现,城市化水平的提高对经济增长有积极作用;当人口在城市落户的成本较高时,提高二次城市化水平和城市用地相对面积会显著降低经济增长率;当落户成本较低时,上述负面影响并不明显。在进一步推进城市化的同时,应保持城乡用地的动态平衡,根据落户成本施行差别化的户籍开放和土地开发政策,让中小城市和小城镇成为吸纳人口进城落户的主要场所,这为"十二五"规划建议中有关城镇化的内容提供了理论依据。     

经济政策选择的交易成本分析方法

经济发展在一定意义上是一系列经济政策选择的过程.在数学上,经济政策的选择与微观经济学消费者选择可以具有同样形式.然而,从内容上看,经济政策的选择无法直接应用消费者行为理论进行分析,因为前者没有市场价格.为了解决这个问题,需要引进交易成本的概念,经济政策的交易成本相当于市场价格.这样,一种经济政策选择的理性模式就可以建立起来.     

经济发展新常态与产业结构优化

自改革开放以来,中国一直保持着较高的经济发展速度,而近几年,增长速度逐渐放缓并趋于平稳,这表明中国已经进入经济发展新常态阶段. 产业结构优化是新常态背景下经济工作的重要任务,通过解读新常态的内涵机制,结合中国当前在产业结构调整转型过程中碰到的问题,有针对性地提出了几点优化升级产业结构以适应并引领新常态下实际工作的建议.     

The Urbanization of Chinese Midland and the Development of SME

The dual structure of industrialization and urbanization in China causes domestic under-demand in recent years. The development strategy of the small town determines the economy can only meet lower equilibrium. The route that emerges in the Midland is chosen to develop the regional key city or city to enclose actively, but this process will lead to new non-equilibrium that is pulled by the investment of government. Establishing a two-product model, this paper verifies that the endogenous motive force of growth of the urbanization is the division of labor, which also promotes the SME. So we draw a conclusion that the SME is the main force that can promotes the urbanization of the Midland.     

区域经济发展环境与经济发展关系的实证研究

从区域发展角度看,一个区域的经济发展越来越依赖于当地的经济发展环境。以中国山东省为例,利用Pearson相关分析、灰色关联度分析对区域经济发展环境与经济发展之间的关系进行了实证研究。得出结论如下：区域经济发展环境与经济发展具有显著的相关性;区域经济发展环境各要素在促进区域经济发展上存在差异;区域经济发展的快慢与要素流动性的强弱及要素流动成本的大小有关。     

基于改进TOPSIS法的企业技术选择

利用改进的TOPSIS方法进行技术选择,通过分析技术选择的影响因素确定技术选择的原则和指标。以数控机床关键技术选择为例,验证了该方法在企业技术选择上的科学性和适用性。     

绿色金融、绿色技术创新与经济高质量发展

基于绿色金融的资源配置与绿色技术创新视角,首先将绿色金融分为绿色信贷、绿色证券和绿色保险三个维度,进而采用2013—2020年中国30个省份（因数据缺失,未包含西藏地区和港澳台地区）面板数据,利用动态广义矩估计面板模型（GMM）分析绿色金融对经济高质量发展的非线性影响,探讨绿色金融通过绿色技术创新促进经济高质量发展的作用机制,并分析绿色金融对绿色技术创新与经济高质量发展关系的调节效应。结果表明：(1)绿色信贷、绿色证券与经济高质量发展之间均呈“先扬后抑”的倒U型关系,大多数中西部省份绿色信贷、绿色证券水平尚未跨过拐点,其对经济高质量发展的影响处于促进阶段,绿色保险则对经济高质量发展具有显著线性促进作用;(2)绿色技术创新在不同维度绿色金融与经济高质量发展之间均起到部分中介作用,且绿色技术创新在绿色证券促进经济高质量发展中的传导作用最强,其次是绿色信贷,而绿色保险最弱;(3)绿色信贷、绿色证券和绿色保险对绿色技术创新与经济高质量发展关系均起显著正向调节作用,且三种类型绿色金融的调节效应依次递减。