信息、信任、认知冲突与董事会治理——基于问卷调查

一直以来,公司治理研究偏重董事会结构特征与公司绩效之间的关系,忽略了董事会行为过程影响。文章就董事会行为过程中一系列关键要素如信息获取、努力水平、信任关系和认知冲突对治理有效性的影响进行理论分析,构造了一个行为心理〖CD*2〗治理有效性结构方程模型。利用问卷调查数据,就上述过程变量对治理效率的影响进行实证分析。研究发现,董事会信息获取及其与管理层相互信任状况对治理效率产生显著积极影响;会议频率对战略和服务职能发挥产生显著积极作用;会议出席率、群体认知冲突等因素影响不显著。研究为改善和提高董事会治理效率提供了新的经验证据。     

管理层权力、TMT网络与高管薪酬

文章基于管理层权力理论和社会网络理论,以2010〖KG-*4〗-〖KG-*6〗2014年我国A股上市公司为样本,实证检验了管理层权力对高管薪酬的影响,并考察TMT网络的调节作用。研究发现：管理层权力显著提高了高管薪酬水平,但显著降低了高管薪酬业绩敏感度;而TMT网络显著增强了它们之间的相关关系。研究为管理层权力与高管薪酬之间关系的研究提供了增量证据,为完善我国高管薪酬激励制度、抑制管理层权力、规范高管之间的兼任行为提供了参考和借鉴。     

新型城镇化的经济增长效应：时空分异与传导路径分析

利用2000〖KG-*4〗-〖KG-*6〗2012年30个省份的面板数据,实证分析了新型城镇化对经济增长的时空效应及其传导路径。研究结果表明：在控制消费、投资和产业结构升级三个变量的条件下,时间维度上新型城镇化对经济增长具有显著的正向影响,空间维度上对全国和东部地区具有显著正向促进作用,而对中西部地区的经济增长效应系数为正却不显著;接着分析了中西部地区新型城镇化对经济增长的三条潜在传导路径,根据测算的路径强度,发现消费路径和投资路径是新型城镇化推动经济增长的主要途径,但产业结构升级路径对经济增长存在阻碍作用,说明在中西部地区新型城镇化通过产业结构升级来有力推进经济增长还有待时日。     

领导成员交换与员工创造力：情感机制的中介作用

情感是员工创造力的重要前因,而已有文献结论存在不一致,且未深入地探讨影响员工情绪的组织情境因素。文章依据情感事件理论,分析和检验了领导成员交换、积极/消极情感与创造力的关系,以及组织创造力支持感的调节作用。通过分析442对主管〖CD*2〗下属配对样本,结果表明：积极情感和消极情感在领导成员交换与创造力关系之间起部分中介作用;组织创造力支持感正向调节积极情感与创造力的关系,而对消极情感与创造力关系的负向调节作用不显著;最后,高的组织创造力支持感还调节积极/消极情感在领导成员交换与员工创造力关系间的中介作用。     

非家族高管更加“患不均”？——家族企业CEO身份对高管薪酬差距的影响研究

文章通过衡量家族企业中CEO与非家族高管之间的薪酬差距,试图探讨非家族高管的激励问题。依据社会比较理论和锦标赛理论的不同解释逻辑,并基于家族高管与非家族高管的不同特点,文章首先考察影响高管薪酬差距的前因变量,提出非家族CEO与薪酬差距之间关系的竞争性假设,并探讨薪酬差距对企业绩效的影响作用。利用2009〖KG-*4〗-〖KG-*6〗2016年中国家族上市公司数据,研究发现,当非家族成员担任CEO时,CEO与非家族高管之间的薪酬差距减小;另外,薪酬差距与企业绩效呈负相关关系,说明非家族高管中“不均”的薪酬安排会影响企业绩效。综合来看,相比锦标赛理论,社会比较理论对解释家族企业CEO身份对其与非家族高管之间薪酬差距的影响更具预测力与解释力。     

一种回退效率增强宽带Doherty放大器的设计

提出给主功放分配多的功率来提高Doherty回退范围的功率转换效率。建立了数学模型，从理论上验证了回退范围的效率提高。电路测试证明，回退6 dB漏极效率大于59〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗，高同类宽带Doherty 7个百分点，峰值输出功率46.5 dBm。另外，对类集总传输线的解析公式进行修正，校正了原来公式在理论计算中存在的32.5〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗的误差确，缩短了设计时间，降低了设计难度。     

女性职员工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠的关系

本文选取酒店业女性从业人员作为研究对象,运用问卷调查,考察了工作家庭冲突对工作倦怠的作用机制以及人口学变量的影响。研究结果显示,工作家庭冲突和工作倦怠之间存在显著相关关系且工作家庭冲突可作为工作倦怠的预测指标。据此,本文提出了合理管理工作家庭冲突和降低工作倦怠的措施。     

面向HEVC的Golomb-Rice编码参数自适应策略

为了进一步降低高性能视频编码(HEVC)的输出码率,针对基于上下文的自适应算术编码（CABAC）,提出了一种改进算法。利用大尺寸变换单元（TU）和变换跳过模式系数块大值系数较多的特点,首先在32×32变换单元中,根据已编码4×4系数组（CG）系数值的分布特性,自适应决定下一个CG的哥伦布-莱斯(Golomb-Rice)初始参数值;其次,在变换跳过模式系数块中设置初始Golomb-Rice参数为1,再利用相邻系数的相关性,根据已编码系数绝对值大小自适应决定下一系数的编码参数值。实验结果表明,与HEVC标准算法HM16.0相比,所提算法能达到0.09〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗~2.75〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗的比特率下降,平均有效率90〖WT《Times New Roman》〗%〖WTBZ〗以上,且峰值信噪比（PSNR）无损失,编码时间平均只增加了0.08%。与代表文献相比,所提算法平均节省0.49%比特率,PSNR平均提高0.01 dB。     

组织支持感对生活满意度的影响机制研究

文章通过实证分析研究组织支持感与生活满意度的关系,探讨工作家庭冲突和促进在组织支持感与生活满意度之间的中介作用.研究表明,组织支持感与工作家庭冲突和家庭工作冲突显著负相关,与工作家庭促进和家庭工作促进显著正相关,与生活满意度显著正相关,生活满意度与工作家庭冲突显著负相关,与工作家庭促进和家庭工作促进显著正相关.工作家庭冲突、工作家庭促进和家庭工作促进在组织支持感与生活满意度的关系中起到完全中介作用.     

工作家庭冲突与离职意向的关系研究

为弄清工作家庭冲突与离职意向的关系,以企事业单位员工为调查对象,通过方便抽样对416位员工进行了问卷调查。通过实证分析指出,员工的工作家庭冲突水平总体一般,但工作-家庭冲突高于家庭-工作冲突;员工的离职意向总体不高;婚姻状况、年龄、学历、单位性质等变量均影响工作家庭冲突;工作家庭冲突与离职意向存在正线性相关关系。     

How do work-family balance practices affect work-family conflict? The differential roles of work stress

This paper investigates the relationship between employees’ perception of work-family balance practices and work-family conflicts. It examines the role of challenge stress and hindrance stress as moderators. Based on survey data collected from 841 civil servants in Beijing, we found that perceived work-family balance practices may reduce work-family conflict, while challenge and hindrance work stresses were positively related to work-family conflict. In addition, challenge and hindrance stresses differentially moderated the relationship between perceived work-family practices and work-family conflict. When challenge stress is high then work-family balance practices will reduce work-family conflict. However, under high hindrance stress, work-family balance practices will serve to reduce work-family conflict less. More detailed analysis of the configurational dimensions of work-family balance practices (work flexibility, and employee and family wellness care) are also tested. This study provides additional insight into the management of work-family interfaces and offers ideas for future research.     

非工作时间通信技术过载对员工不道德亲家庭行为的影响机制研究

依据认知失调理论和角色理论，基于320名企业员工两个时点的纵向调研数据，探究了非工作时间通信技术过载通过工作—家庭内疚感诱发员工不道德亲家庭行为的机制，厘清了家庭支持型主管行为和员工角色道德在上述关系中所起到的调节作用。研究结果表明，非工作时间通信技术过载通过工作—家庭内疚感对员工不道德亲家庭行为产生正向影响；家庭支持型主管行为和员工角色道德均在工作—家庭内疚感与不道德亲家庭行为的关系间起负向调节作用；家庭支持型主管行为通过员工角色道德的中介作用间接负向调节工作—家庭内疚感对不道德亲家庭行为的影响。这些结论既是对不道德亲家庭行为研究领域的拓展，同时也为组织抑制员工不道德亲家庭行为提供了有益的指导。     

从创业导向到跨国创业导向:一个文献综述

中国企业的国际化战略,已逐渐聚焦于"在全球范围创造新的价值",其实质正是一种跨国创业行为,传统的围绕动机、阶段、模式展开的国际化理论已不足以解释及指导中国企业的国际化实践。本文从"创业导向的定义和维度"、创业导向维度和组织绩效的测度方法,创业导向与组织绩效的关系、"跨国创业导向"等四方面对国内外相关研究进行了综述。并指出现有跨国创业导向研究存在"套用封闭环境下的创业导向研究框架"、"未区分不同规模、不同发展阶段国际化企业的跨国创业导向差异"、"对时滞因素和前因变量等缺乏关注"等不足之处。     

Entrepreneurial orientation,social capital,and the internationalization of SMES: Evidence from China

This article combines arguments from entrepreneurship literature and social capital theory to examine the antecedents to the internationalization of small and medium‐sized enterprises (SMEs) from China. Our quantitative study of 117 Chinese SMEs demonstrates the overall importance of entrepreneurial orientation and social capital of entrepreneurs in facilitating their internationalization efforts, and also reveals that different dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation and different types of social capital exert different levels of independent influence on Chinese SMEs' internationalization. Complementary data from multiple case studies explains the variation between our quantitative findings and the findings of previous research. By highlighting the value of the entrepreneurial attributes of Chinese SMEs and the social capital embedded in their networks in the pursuit of their internationalization, the article adds to the scant literature on the internationalization behavior of the rapidly emerging Chinese SMEs. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.     

企业员工帮助计划能留住员工吗？--一个被中介的调节模型构建与验证

基于中国文化背景,本研究以工作家庭冲突作为中介变量、组织支持作为调节变量,通过对江苏、安徽、上海等地企业的235名员工进行问卷调查,分析员工帮助计划对员工离职倾向的影响。研究结果显示：员工帮助计划对离职倾向具有显著负向预测效果;工作家庭冲突在员工帮助计划与离职倾向间具有中介作用;组织支持调节着员工帮助计划对工作家庭冲突和离职倾向的影响。在此基础上,本研究提出构建多元化员工帮助计划体系、实施员工角色冲突管理以及塑造组织内支持性的工作环境等三条建议。     

Entrepreneurial orientation,entrepreneurial competencies,innovation, and performances in SMEs of Pakistan: Moderating role of social ties

The current study examines the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies in entrepreneurial orientation’s relationship with financial, social, and environmental performance. This research also determines the role of social ties in strengthening the association between innovation and entrepreneurial competencies with social, financial, and environmental performance. Using multi-source and time-lagged studies, the data was collected from 297 small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) in Pakistan, and structural equation modeling was used to test direct, indirect, and moderating hypotheses. The findings show that entrepreneurial orientation, entrepreneurial competencies, and innovation positively correlate with all the types of performance under investigation and confirm the mediating role of innovation and entrepreneurial competencies. Additionally, social network ties strengthen innovation—financial performance, and entrepreneurial competencies—social performance relationship. This research proposes significant theoretical and managerial implications by determining the impact of entrepreneurial orientation on SMEs in Pakistan.     

Entrepreneurial orientation and international scope: The differential roles of innovativeness,proactiveness, and risk-taking

This research integrates the international business and entrepreneurship literatures by examining the independent influences of innovativeness, proactiveness, and risk-taking on the ability of a firm to broaden its scope across international markets. For each dimension of entrepreneurial orientation, a cost–benefit framework is applied to highlight the trade-offs associated with different levels in the internationalization context. Based on a unique dataset of 500 SMEs spanning 10 industries, the results reflect the consequences of being “stuck in the middle” with respect to their strategic posture on innovativeness and proactiveness, but reveal a nuanced role for risk-taking behavior. The non-uniform and non-linear relationships from the findings contribute to a better understanding of when the individual dimensions of entrepreneurial orientation help or hinder entrepreneurial firms in the internationalization process.     

Salespersons' Guanxi Orientation,Communication, and Manifest Conflict: An Empirical Study in China

The purpose of this study was to investigate how guanxi orientation, which is one of the personality attributes of Chinese people, influences the behavior of salespersons and the occurrence of manifest conflict. This study also investigates how guanxi‐oriented attitude, which is one dimension of guanxi orientation, influences guanxi‐oriented behavior, the other dimension of guanxi orientation. Data were collected via questionnaire from those selling equipment in the oil industry. The partial least squares method is applied to analyze the collected data. The study finds a positive correlation between salespersons’ guanxi‐oriented attitudes and guanxi‐oriented behavior. Both dimensions of the guanxi orientations of salespersons influence their selection of communication modality under friction events. The use of informal communication is inversely related to the occurrence of manifest conflict, while the use of formal communication is positively related. The guanxi‐oriented attitude of salespersons is negatively related to the occurrence of manifest conflict; however, the collected data did not reveal the expected negative relationship between guanxi‐oriented behavior and the occurrence of manifest conflict. The implications and research limitations are also discussed.     

创业意愿如何转化为创业行为？——基于行动-状态导向作用的研究

创业意愿转化为创业行为才具有重要的现实意义。文章以大学生为对象，在理论研究的基础上，构建行动-状态导向调节创业意愿与创业行为关系的理论模型，运用滚雪球式非随机便利抽样法进行间隔1年时间的两个阶段调查，通过分层回归分析法等进行数据分析和假设检验。研究发现，创业意愿对创业行为具有显著正向预测作用，行动导向的“脱离”“主动”和“持续”维度分别强化创业意愿与创业行为的正向关系；而状态导向的“执着”“犹豫”和“短暂”维度分别弱化创业意愿与创业行为的正向关系。研究结果表明，在个人具有行动导向时创业意愿更能转化为创业行为，行动导向这种个人特质为创业意愿转化为创业行为提供了充分条件。以此为基础，对公共部门和大学生个人提出了策略建议。     

The role of citizenship behavior in personal learning and work-family enrichment

Extending the research on work-family interface in the Chinese context, the present study examines how organizational citizenship behavior (OCB) may enrich the quality of OCB performers?? family life through personal learning. Results from a sample of 385 supervisor-subordinate dyads in China show that OCB is positively associated with work-to-family enrichment. This association is fully mediated by one type of personal learning, namely personal skill development. The findings are discussed with respect to their theoretical contributions and practical implications in Chinese contexts.