国内获SA8000认证企业玩具行业数量最多

据美国商会组织调查,目前有50%的跨国公司和外贸企业表示,如果SA8000标准实施,将重新与中国企业签订新的采购合同。由于我国产品结构多属于劳动密集型产品,劳动力成本是我国重要的比较优势,而受SA8000约束的主要是劳动密集型产品,     

国际劳工权益保护及其对中国企业的影响

劳工权益保护问题越来越受到国际社会的关注，先后出现了国际劳工标准、核心劳工标准、社会条款、企业社会责任守则以及SA8000社会责任标准等，它们对中国企业的影响也各不相同。从长远来看，劳工权益保护是经济全球化发展的必然趋势，有些劳工标准还可能成为贸易壁垒。中国企业需要认真分析，积极应对。调整企业的竞争策略，加强企业的劳工权益保护，为企业可持续发展奠定基础。     

我国《劳动法》针对企业临时加班你了解多少?

我国目前实行的工时制度与国际劳工公约的要求基本一致,国外一些组织以违反“人权保护”为名对我国企业的指责是没有道理的，我国纺织企业生产旺季安排工人加班可以找到合法依据。     

劳工标准对企业成本的影响分析

劳工标准问题是一个广受争议,且已逐步成为我国企业进入国际市场所面临的现实问题,劳工标准的实施对我国企业的影响是长远而深刻的,其对企业成本的影响体现在工资投入、劳动安全卫生投入、保障工人其他权益投入和SA8000标准认证的投入这4个方面。总的来看,将会使企业的成本有较大幅度的上升。     

本土代工企业竞争力构成要素及提升路径

代工模式是常见的跨国合作模式，但理论上以委托制造为主题，立足于代工企业的研究却很少。同一般企业竞争力的表现不同．本土代工企业的竞争力主要体现在其与国际品牌客户建立与发展长期的战略伙伴关系方面。本文运用组织间关系理论，分别从代工企业的代工能力、可替代程度及合作关系的建立与发展能力等方面分析了其竞争力的构成，并提出了本土代工企业可以通过业务的延伸与拓展、自创品牌以及多种业务的动态组合等路径提升其竞争优势。     

跨国公司如何提升竞争力

随着国际经济发展水平和结构的调整与提高，跨国公司的经营方式与理念也在不断发生相应的变化。组织变“扁”减“肥”跨国公司在组织结构方面作出的改进是与当代信息技术飞跃发展的现实相结合的。组织的变革与创新成为世界潮流，信息技术的发展，使得企业的组织界限不再像过去工业技术时代那样清晰。企业作为一个信息交换网络，不断地进行要素的重组活动。信息传递方式也由单向的“一对多”转为“多对多”。组织的形态从金字塔型向水平化发展，大型跨国公司在某种意义上变成了相关企业的集合体。现代企业是一个由各种要素与机能组成的系统，…     

行业动态

我国煤炭行业出现产销两旺的良好势头 从“2002年全国煤炭订货会”上了解到,在2001年我国煤炭行业出现产销两旺良好势头的情况下,最近仍有一些省市出现用煤供应日趋紧张、频频告急的问题,其原因主要是有些用户企业今年年初在煤炭订货会上预留了日常低价采购小煤矿的缺口,以及另外一些主要依靠小煤矿提供低价煤的企业,     

基于共同演化范式的代工企业GVC升级机理研究与代工策略启示——基于二元关系的视角

GVC嵌入中的我国代工企业升级与伪升级命运迥然各异,其背后机理既有的理论缺乏解释,代工企业面临代工策略的决策困境。本文认为,二元关系的视角下代工企业的GVC升级命运,是代工能力建构与GVC知识治理共同演化的结果。基于共同演化范式,对多层次嵌入情境、初始条件、演化机理以及GVC升级或伪升级演化结果等进行了分析。结论认为,代工能力的专有性是升级演化的主要动力,其处于主导的条件下,适度进行关系专用性投资将起着助推升级的积极作用。但是,当代工能力处于专用性主导时,关系专用性投资将使代工企业进一步陷入伪升级泥潭。据此结论,为代工企业提出寻求GVC升级的相关代工策略与政策建议。     

外贸商品内销时的商标使用策略

受金融风暴影响，当前旧内很多外贸企业特别是主要从事定牌加工的中小型企业，由于委托方对合同的终止而面临着前所未有的生存压力和发展难题。在这种经济形势下，不少国内零售企业已经尝试联合这些外贸企业将大量积压的出口商品转为内销，但是．因为涉及商标使用问题而产生新的困惑。     

浅议“购销比价法”在施工企业管理中的运用

“购销比价法”就是在物资原材料的采购和产成品的销售过程中,运用物资原材料的采购“同质低价法”和产成品的销售“同型高价法”进行管理的方法。它是由山东维坊亚星集团公司首先系统总结出来的一整套科学的加强企业内部管理的有效办法,已为该公司经济实力的     

要素价格扭曲与中国工业企业出口行为

"对内改革"是"对外开放"的国内背景;中国"对内改革"渐进性诱发的要素市场扭曲是中国"对外开放"面临的独特约束。基于这一判断,本文从要素价格扭曲视角,利用1999—2007年中国微观企业数据,重新审视中国企业出口行为。结论认为:中国工业企业要素价格存在严重负向扭曲并有增加趋势;东部地区、外资、港澳台资和私营企业扭曲程度最高;总体上看,要素价格负向扭曲促进了中国企业出口。这意味着,中国出口奇迹离不开要素价格负向扭曲;中国企业将国内"生产要素应得"通过低价出口形式转移给了国外消费者;贸易规模扩大、贸易结构优化的同时,更应注意贸易利益分配。     

Globalized Labour Markets? International Rent Sharing Across 47 Countries

We present evidence about the role of rent sharing in fostering the interdependence of labour markets around the world. Our results draw on a firm‐level panel of more than 2,000 multinationals and over 5,000 of their affiliates, covering 47 home and host countries. We find considerable evidence that multinationals share profits internationally by paying higher wages to their workers in foreign affiliates in periods of higher headquarter profits. This occurs even across continents, and not only within Europe, as shown in earlier research. The results are robust to different tests, including a falsification exercise based on ‘matched’ parents. Finally, we show that rent sharing is higher when the affiliate is located in countries with specific relative characteristics, such as lower economic development or taxation, while it falls with the number of affiliates. We argue that these results are consistent with transfer pricing and bargaining views.     

Strategy and structure in multinational corporations: A revision of the stopford and wells model

The Stopford and Wells study of strategy and structure in multinational corporations produced a now familiar model relating certain types of structure to certain elements of a firm's international strategy. This paper re-examines the important relationships expressed by the model, using data from a recent study of 34 large U.S. and European multinationals. While some of the relationships are supported, others are not. A new element of strategy, the relative size of foreign manufacturing, is introduced, and found to be an important predictor of structure. Based on the findings, a revised model for relating strategy and structure in MNCs is proposed.     

U.S. Multinational Activity Abroad and U.S. Jobs: Substitutes or Complements?

Critics of globalization claim that firms are being driven by the prospects of cheaper labor and lower labor standards to shift employment abroad. Yet the evidence, beyond anecdotes, is slim. This paper reports stylized facts on the activities of U.S. multinationals at home and abroad for the years 1977 to 1999. We focus on firms in manufacturing and services, two sectors that have received extensive media attention for supposedly exporting jobs. Using firm‐level data collected by the Bureau of Economic Analysis (BEA) in Washington, D.C., we report correlations between U.S. multinational employment at home and abroad. Preliminary evidence based on the operations of these multinationals suggests that the sign of the correlation depends on the crucial distinction between affiliates in high‐income and low‐income countries. For affiliates in high‐income countries there is a positive correlation between jobs at home and abroad, suggesting that foreign employment of U.S. multinationals is complementary to domestic employment. For firms that operate in developing countries, employment has been cut in the United States, and affiliate employment has increased. To account for firm size, substitution across firms and entry and exit, we aggregate our data to the industry level. This exercise reveals that the observed “complementarity” between U.S. and foreign jobs has been driven largely by a contraction across all manufacturing sectors. It also reveals that foreign employment in developing countries has substituted for U.S. employment in several highly visible industries, including computers, electronics, and transportation. The fact that there were U.S. jobs lost to foreign affiliates in key sectors, despite broad complementarity in hiring and firing decisions between U.S. parents and their affiliates, helps explain why economists view the impact of globalization on U.S. jobs as benign despite negative news coverage for declining industries.     

Strategies for high-technology equipment manufacturing in developing countries

The authors present a methodology to establish local manufacturing in a developing country with a modest telecommunications industry. The main focus of the article is on the analysis of high-technology equipment that can be applied to a large variety of computing, communications, and control systems. They conclude that with strategic planning the import content of electronic equipment can be reduced if the country in question shows potential for local manufacturing. This strategic planning requires commitments with local industry for technical assistance and three to five year purchasing programmes. For countries with a limited industrial background a manufacturing effort could be initiated through the establishment of assembly factories which in general make use of low local labour cost. A requirement for the transfer of technology to local industry must be established with these factories.     

Marketing of competence-based solutions to buyers in exploratory relationships: Perspective of OEM suppliers

In face of mounting challenges from delocalized production, commoditized products, and escalated demand from professional buyers, providing solutions rather than selling products has been put forward in the normative literature as a promising business model for creating high-value differentiated offerings. Nonetheless, empirical survey research into the processes whereby traditional suppliers of “basic products, spare parts and services” migrate towards marketing of “integrated solutions” is still sparse. Grounded in a competence-based marketing view, the current research addressed the research problem of how OEM suppliers upgrade their value offerings via competence-based solutions. The research model was tested by a sample of 403 contract/OEM manufacturers located in China. This resultant findings revealed the processes undertaken by OEM suppliers during the development of competence-based solutions, found out the internal coordination and innovation capabilities required to support competence-based solutions, and uncovered the external communication/disclosure of competence needed to strengthen the link between competence-based solutions and upgraded relationship value.     

Multinational Companies and Entrant Start-up Size: Evidence from Quantile Regressions

This paper analyses the impact of foreign multinationals on the start-up size ofdomestic entrants in Irish manufacturing industries. We use the regression quantileestimator, which allows us to take account of the heterogeneity of entrants' start-upsize. Estimation results show that the presence of foreign multinationals in a sectorimpacts negatively on the start-up size of domestic entrants of all sizes in modernsectors and on the start-up size of large domestic entrants in traditional sectors. Thisnegative effect may be attributed to competition of domestic plants with foreignmultinationals and other domestic plants in the final goods and/or the intermediategoods market.     

香港经济的国际竞争力及对中国经济增长的贡献

文章对香港回归后国际竞争力的提升以及对中国经济增长的贡献进行了较为全面的研究。通过分析认为,香港已经成为具有国际竞争力的经济体,产业发展具有较强的国际竞争力,国际化大都市的产业结构已经形成,尤其是高端生产性服务业具有较强国际竞争力,已经形成了国际商贸中心、国际金融中心、国际航运航空物流中心、国际科技资讯中心的地位。香港对中国经济增长的贡献与作用十分突出,主要体现在,为内地提供优质生产性服务业,扩大内地国际贸易和利用外资,支持内地企业走出去,支持内地金融国际化,带动殊三角、泛殊三角地区经济发展与产业结构升级等方面。客观评价香港在中国经济中的地位与作用,对于新时期发挥香港的优势,促进香港的繁荣与稳定具有重要意义。     

Purchasing-driven sales: Matching sales strategies to the evolution of the purchasing function

The personal selling field has witnessed the emergence of various sales strategies, including relationship, value, key account, and solution selling. Despite claims about their effectiveness, recent work challenges the relevance of existing sales strategies across buying contexts. Specifically, emerging sales strategies often focus on the user in the customer organization, without being explicitly aligned with the increasingly important purchasing function. To define the critical role of the purchasing function for sales effectiveness, this study collects data from 32 firms in two markets; their purchasing departments reveal four stages of purchasing evolution: passive (price focused), independent (cost-focused), supportive (solution/innovation focused), and integrative (strategy focused). The research demonstrates that each stage of purchasing evolution then requires distinct sales strategies by selling firms and any mismatch of purchasing evolution and sales strategy may be detrimental to sales. This novel view and the supported findings offers several implications for both research and practice.     

A suicide survivor: the life of a Chinese worker

In 2010, 18 employees working for Foxconn in China attempted suicide. These shocking events focused the world's attention on the manufacturing supply chains of China's export industry and the experience of working within them. What had driven these young, migrant, assembly line workers to commit such a desperate act? This article provides a first‐hand account of the experiences of one of those who survived a suicide attempt, 17‐year‐old Tian Yu. Her personal narrative is embedded within the broader context of labour process, work organisation and managerial practice at Foxconn, the Taiwanese‐owned multinational that provides products and components for Apple and others. The factory conditions are further shaped by the company trade union and Chinese government policies. The paper concludes with additional contextualisation indicating the emergence of an alliance of workers, students, scholars and transnational labour movement activists who are campaigning for Chinese workers' rights.