The Recognition and Timing of Deferred Tax Liabilities

Abstract:   This paper examines the characteristics of firms that account for deferred tax liabilities related to government investment grants under an extended adoption timing period. Not only the recognition but also the timing decision is associated with changes in future performance and changes in the debt structure. Recognisers outperform non‐recognisers in the future, while early recognition is related to post recognition performance but only for those firms that currently perform well. Changes in the balance sheet structure are also related to both decisions. Firms with recent increases in the debt level tend to postpone recognition, while currently well‐performing firms that increase their future debt level are less likely to recognise deferred taxes.     

Transition Period of Mandated Accounting Changes — Timing of Adoption and Economic Consequences: The Case of SEAS No. 13

This study examines the economics of the timing of adoption of SFAS No. 13, Accounting for Leases by Lessees . We analyzed actual debt contracts of the affected firms to determine whether they were based on GAAP or Non-GAAP accounting rules. We also examined what actions were taken by management to alleviate the negative effects of complying with SFAS No. 13 . The results indicate that late adopters had a higher percentage of debt convenants based on GAAP measures, and that the late adopters would have experienced significant increases in closeness to default had they adopted SFAS No. 13 early. The results also indicate that by choosing late adoption, the firms were able to reduce the expected negative effects of the new accounting standard on financial statements.     

基于平衡计分卡的会计师事务所绩效评价问题研究

企业绩效评价问题是任何一个经济体系中的核心问题,会计师事务所作为智力密集型企业在绩效评价方面面临很多问题。本文在阐释会计师事务所绩效评价现状的基础上,提出将目前在国外广泛应用的平衡记分卡应用于会计师事务所的绩效评价,并围绕这一问题进行进一步分析和说明。     

IPO市场时机选择与资本结构关系研究——基于中国上市公司面板数据的实证研究

本文以沪深全部上市公司1990～2004年的IPO面板数据,运用多元回归的方法,研究市场时机行为对资本结构的影响及其持续性。研究发现,我国股市明显存在市场时机选择行为,并且对上市公司的资本结构影响显著;公司的历史估值和杠杆水平之间具有显著的负相关性,历史估值每上升一个单位,将引起账面杠杆和市值杠杆分别下降4.87和2.9个单位;进一步研究表明,中国上市公司市场时机对资本结构的影响,可以持续5～8年。     

Seasonality, Market Timing and Performance Amongst Benchmarks and Mutual Fund Evaluation

Abstract:  Mutual fund performance is normally measured by comparing results of active management with those obtained by one or several benchmarks that should represent the fund's investment. In this context, this paper examines the effect on mutual fund assessment if a relevant benchmark is omitted. This effect is analysed in three elements of active management: stock selection, market timing, and seasonality. The latter is defined as fund management at specific moments of time with the objective of achieving positive abnormal returns to improve performance. For a sample of Spanish mutual funds, we find that the omission of style benchmarks, particularly that corresponding to small-cap stocks, leads to greater evidence of negative market timing and positive seasonality at year beginning. However, the positive abnormal returns of the seasonality at year end, month end and especially at the beginning of July hold regardless of benchmark omission. The paper therefore also analyses the relation between performance and seasonality, finding that positive seasonality at year beginning and at July beginning improves performance; however, at other moments it implies a possible window dressing strategy in mutual fund management.     

Measuring the Problem-Solving Abilities of Accounting and Other Business Students: A Comparison and Evaluation of Three Methods

Abstract

The accounting profession requires accounting graduates to operate in a complex and often rapidly changing environment. Consequently, they must develop problem-solving skills to enable them to function in situations that are unfamiliar or ambiguous. We describe a test of three measures of problem-solving ability, including two measures of linguistic performance (Idea Density and Grammatical Complexity) and one of cognitive complexity (Paragraph Completion Test, PCT), used previously in several accounting studies. Subjects were senior undergraduate accounting and business students at a large AACSB-accredited Canadian university. Examination questions taken from different business courses were categorized as either structured or unstructured using the method developed by Shute (1979 Accounting Students and Abstract Reasoning: An Exploratory Study, Sarasota, Florida: American Accounting Association). We confirm that students with a high level of cognitive complexity, as measured by the PCT, performed at a superior level on unstructured questions, as found in previous studies. We find also that Idea Density makes the same differentiation, but Grammatical Complexity does not.     

中国企业内部控制评价系统研究

我国企业内部控制基本规范配套指引的发布,为我国企业内部控制体系中构建企业、注册会计师和有关监管部门三位一体的内外部监督评价体系目标的实现奠定了基础。考虑到我国的制度背景以及注册会计师对企业内部控制审计的局限性和可信度等因素,在企业内部控制披露和注册会计师内部控制审计披露的基础上,建立反映企业内部控制综合状况和水平的企业内部控制评价结果指标,由政府监管部门或外部非营利性机构实施对我国企业内部控制整体状况和各企业内部控制水平的评价是十分必要的。本文正是基于此环境和目标,结合国内外企业内部控制评价理论研究和实践状况,构建了我国企业内部控制评价系统。     

利益相关者导向的企业绩效评价指标体系研究

在文献回顾的基础上,以利益相关者理论为基础,运用层次分析法,从经济绩效、社会绩效、环境绩效、制度绩效四个维度构建了一个利益相关者导向的企业绩效评价指标体系,以期能对企业绩效评价理论有所补充与发展。     

联合营销及其评估体系研究

论文首先介绍了联合营销的概念,并分析了联合营销企业的构建条件,现在联合营销的利弊,在建立基于联合营销构建条件的评估体系之后,说明了联合营销的发展趋势,希望对我国联合营销及其评估体系的发展起到促进作用。     

The Effect of Earnings–Announcement Timing on Earnings Management

This paper examines whether firms which delay earnings announcements engage in earnings management. The cross–sectional version of the modified Jones 1995 model is used to estimate 'normal' accruals. Prior research has documented that, on average, delayed earnings announcements are associated with negative earnings surprises. Our evidence suggests that the market anticipates unfavorable earnings news when it observes reporting delays. As a consequence, late reporters appear to make the most of a bad situation by employing income–decreasing accruals in big–bath–type earnings management and in contractual renegotiations. We find that the magnitude of income–reducing abnormal accruals is related to the reporting lag.     

政府会计二元结构体系中的概念框架研究

我国理论界已达成"政府会计由预算会计和财务会计两大相对独立的系统构成"的新共识。政府会计二元结构格局的形成决定了人们迫切需要运用二元结构思维重新考究政府会计概念框架的构建,以指引即将展开的政府会计改革。二元结构新理念可以融入政府会计目标、政府会计核算对象与适用范围、政府会计主体、政府会计信息质量特征、政府会计核算基础与计量属性、政府会计要素、政府财务报告等概念框架及其表现形式之中,进而形成新的政府会计概念框架体系。     

论创新型科技人才竞争力评价指标体系的构建

本文提出了创新型科技人才竞争力的"一体四面"理论模型。"一体"是指"创新型科技人才竞争力"这个"主体","四面"则是指创新型科技人才的创新投入力、创新产出力、创新环境力和科技支持力。构建了一套由4个一级指标、19个二级指标组成的区域创新型科技人才竞争力评价指标体系。     

新保险会计准则征求意见稿对寿险企业利润计量的影响

本文分析并比较了财政部发布的《企业会计准则第X号保险合同(修订)(征求意见稿》与我国现行保险会计准则在利润披露与确认方面的差异。通过仿真模拟利润计量,发现征求意见稿下定期寿险合同的承保后期将会确认更多的利润贡献;合同服务边际对利润计量的平滑效应更加突出,尤其是对亏损计量的吸收作用将会显现;征求意见稿对手续费及佣金的规定会进一步平稳计量利润;收入口径的改变更符合寿险合同长期性的经济特质等。因此,建议我国寿险公司统一数据平台,衔接财务系统与精算系统;调整绩效考核指标、业务结构和产品策略;更加谨慎合理地进行产品定价测算;进一步加强保单的维护工作,为应对征求意见稿的实施做好充分准备。     

企业质量管理体系有效性评价研究

企业需要一种简便易行的质量管理体系有效性定量评价方法。本文从质量管理体系设计有效性和质量管理体系运行有效性两个方面提出了质量管理体系有效性评价指标体系,一级指标包括方针目标设计、过程设计、质量目标实现、产品质量、顾客满意和质量成本等方面。运用层次分析法设计了指标权重,提出了属性指标值的评分规则和计算方法。     

投资项目绩效审计评价指标体系与框架设计研究

由于投资项目绩效审计的对象千差万别,目前尚没有一套科学统一的投资项目绩效审计评价指标体系及评价标准。现有的投资项目绩效审计评价指标体系,在定性指标与定量指标之间的转化上以及对投资项目滞后性绩效评价的关注尚存一些不足。由此本文充分考虑定性与定量指标的一致性及滞后性绩效评价等问题,在问卷调查和统计分析的基础上,以5E为核心设计了一个投资项目绩效审计评价的基本框架,由四部分组成:5E属性层、11个一级指标、43个二级指标层和标准层,并就指标体系的程序及测评方法,结合一个建筑投资项目绩效审计评价的具体实例进行了说明。通过对该建筑项目的绩效审计评价证明了所设计的评价指标体系具有较强的可操作性。     

中国农村社会养老保险制度变迁与政策评价

“十二五”规划纲要中明确提出要健全覆盖城乡居民的社会保障体系,着实实现新型农村社会养老保险制度全覆盖也随即提上了发展El程。本文通过对我国农村社会养老保险制度的发展脉络进行解读,从制度变迁的视角对这一政策进行评价,分析政策遭遇困境的原因,重点分析新型农村社会养老保险制度存在的缺陷。     

论营商法治环境评价的理路与指标体系

基于中国营商法治环境建设实践与未来走向的理性视角,结合营商环境评价与法治评价的跨学科研究方法,采用融合顶层设计、评价方法与标准、评价框架在内的体系性思路,兼顾形式法治与实质法治的双重需求,从宏观层面搭建涵盖营商法制环境、政企互动环境、司法能动环境和社会信用环境在内的营商法治环境评价框架,围绕共识化、可量化、可回溯和企业主体化的指标设计原则,构建营商法治环境评价指标体系模型,并对微观层面的指标择取逻辑作出阐释。     

商业银行产品竞争力评估指标体系研究

银行产品竞争力评估是商业银行产品管理及产品评估的一个重要组成部分,是从产品竞争力角度对银行产品进行评价分析,以了解银行产品在同业竞争中的地位及产品构成要素与同业相比的优劣,为研究、改善和创新银行产品提供更科学的依据。本文从产品创新的角度,研究设计了一套切实可行的银行产品竞争力评估模型,将竞争力结果和竞争力因素分析相结合,并对个人网上银行产品竞争力进行了评估和验证。验证结果表明运用该模型评估银行产品竞争力方法灵活简洁,可操作性较强,具有较好的应用价值,为开展银行产品竞争力评估实践提供了参考。     

Implications of Internal Funds Surplus for Determining Agency Spending of SEO Proceeds and Timing Incentives

According to the pecking order theory, firms with potential investment projects should raise external capital if and only if sufficient internal funds are not available. The theory can be violated if equity issuers are motivated by market timing and increasing funds for insiders’ benefits, indicating that firms may already have internal funds surplus without including external funds, but still issue equity. By controlling for future funds needs, the analyses show that issuers that engage in market timing and spend the SEO proceeds on value-destroying projects are strongly associated with their internal funds surplus. Moreover, SEO announcement returns are lower for issuers with internal funds surplus. This pattern strongly supports the predictive ability of internal funds surplus to detect the need for external capital and ultimately to determine timing incentives and agency spending of SEO proceeds.     

Selectivity and Market Timing Performance of Fidelity Sector Mutual Funds

In this paper, we test the selectivity and timing performance of the Fidelity sector mutual funds during the 1989–1998 time period. We use the S&P 500, the Dow Jones Industry Group Total Return Indexes, and the Dow Jones Subgroup Total Return Indexes as benchmarks. When we use the Dow Jones Industry benchmarks, our results indicate that many sector fund managers have positive selectivity but negative timing ability. We also find that the results are sensitive to our choice of benchmark and timing model.