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1.
Julien Gourdon Nicolas Maystre 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(3):343-378
Using tariffs as a measure of openness, this paper finds consistent evidence that the conditional effects of trade liberalization on inequality are correlated with relative factor endowments. Trade liberalization, measured by changes in tariff revenues, is associated with increases in inequality in countries well-endowed with highly skilled workers and capital or with workers that have very low education levels. Similar, although less robust, results are also obtained when decile data are used instead of the usual Gini coefficients. Taken together, the results are strongly supportive of the factor-proportions theory of trade and suggest that trade liberalization in poor countries where the share of the labor force with little education is high raises inequality. Simulation results also suggest that relatively small changes in inequality as measured by aggregate measures of inequality, like the Gini coefficient, are magnified when estimates are carried out using decile data. 相似文献
2.
国际贸易、技术变动对我国工业部门劳动收入份额的影响 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
文章较为系统地分析了国际贸易、技术进步等因素对中国工业部门劳动收入份额的影响。研究显示在1999~2009年期间,我国工业部门的劳动收入份额总体上呈现出缓慢下降的趋势,工业部门劳动收入份额变动主要是行业内部劳动力再配置的结果;利用中国工业部门21个细分行业的面板数据,通过系统广义矩方法对国际贸易、技术变革对行业劳动收入份额的影响进行计量分析表明,国际贸易具有较为显著的提高我国工业部门行业劳动份额的效应,而技术进步则存在显著降低工业行业劳动份额的效应,这与我国工业部门在研究期内的技术进步具有劳动节约型特征有关。 相似文献
3.
Ryuichi Tanaka 《The journal of international trade & economic development》2013,22(4):447-473
Abstract This paper studies the effects of trade liberalization on growth and long-run global income inequality using a two-country model of human capital accumulation by credit-constrained households. I show that the timing of trade liberalization is a crucial determinant of its effects on growth. Moreover, I show that the size of the long-run income gap between the two countries depends on the difference in domestic income inequality when they open up to trade. Based on these results, I analyze the effects of redistributive policy within a country. I show that redistribution in one country may increase income per capita of its trading partner if it is undertaken in a steady state, while the opposite is true if the policy is undertaken during transition. 相似文献
4.
李俊霖 《湖北商业高等专科学校学报》2009,(5):42-47,71
20世纪80年代以来,国外关于要素收入份额演变的研究逐渐增多。改革开放以来,随着我国收入分配制度由按劳分配逐渐向按要素分配的变迁,初次分配中要素收入份额问题逐渐引起国内学术界的广泛关注。本文对国内外初次分配中要素收入份额的相关文献作了比较全面的梳理并给予简要评论。 相似文献
5.
Ansgar F. Quint;Jonas F. Rudsinske; 《The World Economy》2024,47(3):1167-1190
We explore the effects of country asymmetries in a general oligopolistic equilibrium model with segmented markets. Firms' oligopolistic behaviour in segmented markets has macro-level effects when countries' characteristics or policies are asymmetric. Due to their effect on strategic firm behaviour, country asymmetries can induce deviations from the law of one price, which gives rise to terms-of-trade based international shifts in consumption and welfare. We demonstrate that by studying the welfare and distributional effects of asymmetric labour market policies. 相似文献
6.
徐晓慧 《世界贸易组织动态与研究》2013,(4):18-33
基于空间计量经济学,采用我国31个省2002~2010年的面板数据,实证检验得到主要结论如下:(1)我国各省份的居民收入差距(城乡之间、城镇之间、农村之间)在空间分布上表现出一定的空间正自相关性和集聚效应,不同地区的居民收入差距存在空间互补效应;(2)进出口贸易总额的增加会引起我国城乡居民之间的收入差距和城镇居民内部收入差距的缩小,而对农村居民内部的收入差距没有显著的影响;(3)进口贸易总额的增加带来城乡居民之间收入差距拉大,城镇居民收入差距的缩小,对农村居民内部收入差距没有显著影响;(4)出口贸易总额的增加会引起城乡居民之间收入差距和城镇居民内部收入差距的缩小,而引起农村居民内部收入差距的扩大。 相似文献
7.
Sarah Damásio;Óscar Afonso;Pedro Cunha Neves;Elena Sochirca; 《The World Economy》2024,47(9):3998-4018
We develop a meta-analysis of the empirical literature that estimates the impact of international trade on income convergence between countries. We find that, on average, trade tends to generate inter-country income convergence. Especially in more recent years, we identified a preference for publishing and citing studies that report a stronger effect of trade on convergence. We also find that the effect of trade on income convergence is sensitive to the characteristics of the countries included in the sample, data structure, and estimation techniques. 相似文献
8.
国际贸易与收入差距关系研究理论回顾与评析——从传导机制角度梳理 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着近年来各国开放程度的逐步加深与收入差距的持续扩大,对开放条件下收入不平等的研究成为国际经济学领域的热点.文章从传导机制的角度对贸易与收入差距关系的研究作一理论回顾,贸易通过要素价格、需求偏好、技术进步和弹性劳动力市场等渠道影响收入差距.大多研究都秉承经典HO定理的逻辑基础,放松其相关假设条件并将研究对象微观化,认为开放可能导致收入差距扩大而不是降低它,如何运用上述机理分析中国贸易和收入差距的关系并通过教育、相关政策的变化等调节收入差距是后续的研究方向之一. 相似文献
9.
贸易与中国收入不平等的计量检验 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
改革开放以来,基尼系数基本上升的变动趋势表明中国收入差距日益扩大。检验贸易与中国收入不平等的关系,得出如下结论:贸易扩大总体上对中国收入不平等起到了改善效果;出口改善收入分配的效果比进口更加显著;制成品出口比重增加对收入分配产生显著的改善效应;制成品进口比重下降可能恶化收入分配。可见,贸易对中国收入分配的影响比较复杂,不能简单地用包括H—O理论在内的某个贸易理论来解释。有利于缩小收入差距的贸易政策,必须结合中国对外贸易的发展过程和特色。 相似文献
10.
曾国安 《湖北商业高等专科学校学报》2008,(5)
劳动收入初次分配是国民收入初次分配的基本组成部分。关于劳动收入初次分配的公平有许多问题需要探讨。劳动收入初次分配公平包括分配权利、分配机会、分配条件、分配规则、分配过程和分配结果公平等多方面的内容,其中分配规则、分配过程的公平特别重要。在劳动收入初次分配中必须将公平与效率置于同等重要的地位。分配是否公平虽然无法摆脱个人主观判断,但是可以通过各种客观的内在和外在尺度进行判断。分配公平应该是社会的基本价值诉求。要实现分配公平,既需要整个社会坚持公平的价值取向,集合各种促进劳动收入初次分配公平的因素和机制,也需要遏制各种导致劳动收入初次分配不公平的因素和机制。 相似文献
11.
劳工保护在历史上成为一个国际性问题之初就是和公平贸易的诉求紧密联系在一起的。将劳工权益保护与贸易挂钩一方面可以更有效地保障劳动者,另一方面也可能制造阻碍自由贸易的非关税壁垒。发达国家、发展中国家以及在全球化进程中地位日益凸显的跨国公司在国际贸易活动中引入劳工标准都会导致自身内在利益的追求与外在道德形象维护的矛盾。不可回避的一个事实是,当今世界的国际贸易交往中,劳工权益保护问题的重要性被提到了一个相当重要的高度,不论在主权国家与国际组织的层面,还是在跨国公司和非政府组织的层面,劳工问题已深深嵌入到跨国贸易活动中。 相似文献
12.
基于1978—2009年的时间序列数据,在总结相关传导机制的基础上,运用平滑转换回归模型就经济开放对收入差距的影响效应进行研究。结果表明:中国经济开放与收入差距之间的关系是非线性的,两者之间存在明显的体制转换动态特征。在1985年以前,经济开放对收入差距的效应为负;在1985年以后,经济开放对收入差距的效应为正。主要原因在于,经济地理效应和技术偏移效应逐渐替代了要素禀赋效应。 相似文献
13.
14.
Melissa H. Birch 《Latin American Business Review》2014,15(3-4):269-290
ABSTRACT This article examines Paraguay's experience with Mercosur in terms of its impact on economic growth, trade, investment, industrial competitiveness, and income distribution. Of particular interest is Mercosur's impact on the flourishing border trade taking place under the “regimen de turismo,” a special tax regime for consumer goods, especially electronics. The author concludes that while Mercosur has not brought all the benefits expected from membership in the customs union, being excluded from Mercosur might have been worse for the Paraguayan economy. 相似文献
15.
国际分工的演进导致贸易比较优势出现新的变化,贸易模式也更加复杂。在国际贸易新格局下,贸易平衡表现为服务贸易和商品贸易互补下的总体平衡。随着国际分工的日趋深入,贸易失衡也将主要表现为服务贸易和商品贸易之间的结构性失衡。这与两者自由化进程的不对称密切相关。国际分工与贸易的新视野对于理解贸易平衡、解决贸易失衡具有启发意义。 相似文献
16.
把中美贸易失衡问题置于国际分工的新格局下进行分析,不难发现,中美贸易逆差的根本原因在于世界头号服务业强国与世界头号制造业大国之间在服务贸易和商品贸易上发生的结构性失衡。中美贸易失衡与全球服务贸易和商品贸易在自由化进程上的非对称性紧密联系在一起。考虑到全球服务贸易自由化的缓慢进展,以及中国对服务贸易自由化已经做出的承诺水平,中美贸易的结构性失衡在相当长的时期内将难以消除。 相似文献
17.
我国中间产品贸易探析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
近年来我国中间产品贸易发展迅速,中间产品贸易已成为我国进出口贸易的重要组成部分.文章从比较优势、垂直专业化、价值链及市场内部化等角度阐述了中间产品贸易产生的理论基础,客观地分析了中间产品贸易产生的现实条件和近年来我国中间产品贸易的发展状况,在此基础上提出中间产品贸易的发展将对我国经济及对外贸易发展所产生的具体影响. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACTThe standard Hecksher-Ohlin-Samuelson framework claimed that foreign trade benefits developing countries, but many empirical studies suggest otherwise. After analyzing data on income deciles from the World Income Distribution Database for 66 developing countries, we found that trade openness benefits underprivileged people in affluent countries but not in developing countries. Also, external financial flows and democracy in conjunction do not exert significant effects, suggesting that these variables might affect income distribution through different channels. Finally, we reinforce the Kuznets inverted-U hypothesis; namely, the presence of an economic development threshold beyond which low-income deciles would increase. 相似文献
19.
Michael Frenkel;Ngoc Tuyet Ngo; 《The World Economy》2024,47(4):1615-1641
International trade in services has increased significantly in recent decades, mainly due to innovations in information and communication technology. This development has also increased the importance of service offshoring, as companies spread their production processes across several countries. This paper examines the intensity of offshoring of specific tasks of occupations, which in turn leads to higher imports, and explores the impact of such substitution on wages in the home economy. We use micro-level data from the Occupational Information Network and the Socio-Economic Panel in Germany and draw on the OECD's Input–Output Database. In total, we used data from about 62,000 person-years in 45 industries in Germany during 2014–2018. A particular focus of our study is on the interaction between service offshoring and the tradability as well as skill levels of workers. Our main findings suggest that service offshoring itself exerts downward pressure on workers' wages. This effect is amplified by the degree of tradability of the occupations. 相似文献
20.
随着近年来保护贸易的盛行与收入差距持续扩大,国际贸易对收入分配的影响成为国际经济学领域的研究热点。本文从国际贸易对一国整体收入水平以及国内收入差距的影响两个角度介绍了近年来这方面理论的最新进展及趋势。尽管各理论分析角度、模型设计以及数据运用各不相同,但结论趋于一致,即自由贸易会带来一国整体收入的提高,但也会导致收入差距的扩大,因此保护贸易政策会损害到一国整体福利,自由贸易导致收入差距的扩大可通过适当国内再分配政策进行调节。 相似文献