中国FDI水平溢出效应的Meta分析

本文通过从55篇研究文献中提取关于中国FDI水平溢出效应的相关信息,应用Meta回归分析方法考察中国FDI水平溢出效应的实证结论受何种因素的影响和所受影响的程度。本文Meta回归分析研究发现文献研究中指标的构建（被解释变量指标与FDI溢出效应指标）会影响FDI水平溢出效应的结论,区分FDI水平、垂直溢出效应后会降低得到FDI水平溢出效应是显著的结论的可能性;但文献研究中样本数据特征对FDI水平溢出效应的结论的影响更大,特别是文献研究中如果采用近期的数据会降低得到正向FDI水平溢出效应的可能性,采用的数据跨度越长（实际上是数据中包括的近期数据越多）会降低得到FDI水平溢出效应是显著的结论的可能性;文献研究中是否纳入控制变量对FDI水平溢出效应的正负及是否显著的影响不大,因此研究中国FDI水平溢出效应时模型的设定（主要是遗漏变量）问题并不严重。     

Does distance matter in foreign direct investment sub-national location choice? Evidence from China

Multinational enterprises (MNEs) make investment decisions according to the distance factors at a sub-national level. This paper made estimates using the gravity model with provincial foreign direct investment (FDI) data from 2000 to 2012 and employed three concepts of distance. Our empirical results indicate that geographic distance and cultural distance have significant negative effects on FDI flow, whereas economic distance has a significant positive effect. It suggests that FDI prefers to locate in regions that are geographically and culturally close but economically distant from the home country, which further implies that FDI in China is dominated by vertical FDI. Our findings suggest that Chinese provincial governments should place emphasis on attracting FDI from culturally close countries and provide institutional support to encourage and promote horizontal FDI.     

local industrial systems and the location of FDI in Italy

This article investigates the determinants of foreign direct investment (FDI) location across Italian provinces. Specifically it examines the relationship between industry‐specific local industrial systems and the location of inward FDI. This extends previous analysis beyond the mere density of activity, to illustrate the importance of the specific nature of agglomerations in attracting inward investment. The article develops a model of FDI location choice using a unique FDI database stratified by industry and province. The results also suggest that the importance of agglomeration differs between industries, and offers some explanation for this.     

FDI与安徽GDP增长关系的实证分析

基于新增长理论的基本原理,建立一个简单的安徽利用外资(FDI)与安徽国内生产总值(GDP)的模型,以安徽省数据为背景,运用时间序列的平衡性检验和协整检验、误差修正模型及格兰杰因果检验等方法,对两个变量之间的关系进行经验检验。结果表明,FDI是安徽GDP增长的Granger原因,FDI促进安徽GDP增长是显著的,而安徽经济发展对吸引外商直接投资的影响并不显著。因此,安徽省应加大招商引资的力度,促进经济的发展。     

The composition of international capital flows: risk sharing through foreign direct investment

Evidence on international capital flows suggests that foreign direct investment (FDI) is less volatile than other financial flows. To explain this finding I model international capital flows under the assumptions of imperfect enforcement of financial contracts and inalienability of FDI. Imperfect enforcement of contracts leads to endogenous financing constraints and the pricing of default risk. Inalienability implies that it is not as advantageous to expropriate FDI relative to other flows. These features combine to give a risk sharing advantage to FDI over other capital flows. This risk sharing advantage of FDI translates into a lower default premium and lower sensitivity to changes in a country’s financing constraint.The model offers the new implication that financially constrained countries should borrow relatively more through FDI. This is because FDI is harder to expropriate and not because FDI is more productive or less volatile. Using several creditworthiness and country risk ratings to measure financing constraints, I present new evidence linking FDI and financing constraints. Moreover, numerical simulations of the model generate stronger serial correlation for FDI than for other flows into developing countries. This corroborates the view that non-FDI flows are more short-term and more likely to change direction.     

中国吸引外资对东南亚国家吸引外资影响的实证研究

中国吸引外资的浪潮引起了人们普遍的忧虑,中国吸引外资是否会导致流入东南亚国家的外资逐渐减少。本文在假定外资的供应是有弹性的前提下,利用对外投资区位决定因素的模型和固定效应分析方法来检验中国吸引外资与东南亚经济体吸引外资间的关系。结果显示在1986年至2001年间,中国吸引外资的增长实际上提高了邻国经济吸引外资的能力,而不是排挤了邻国外资的流入。     

Still Big in Bangkok? An Empirical Analysis of the Regional Distribution of Foreign Direct Investment in Thailand

This paper analyses regional Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) in Thailand. Its determinants are identified using a unique assembled panel dataset comprising all 76 Thai provinces during the period 1985–2005. The work is premised on the view that foreign investors consider various determinants of location choices in each province (including labour costs, Gross Provincial Products (GPP) per head, areas of industrial estates, communication and transportation issues, population characteristics, educational attainment, population density and distance from the centre of town to the main ports of Thailand) as well as government incentives, before deciding to undertake FDI in a given region. Our econometric model estimates suggest that government regional policy, and the effect of zoning in particular, however, has a significant and positive effect on regional FDI, drawing FDI to those zones where the greatest incentives are on offer. The other possible determinants of FDI amongst regions are largely shown to be insignificant.     

Trade Protection During the Crisis: Does it Deter Foreign Direct Investment?

This paper looks empirically at the implications that protectionist measures implemented during the current crisis may have had for a country’s ability to attract foreign direct investment. The research utilises data on such measures that are available from Global Trade Alert, combined with bilateral FDI data between OECD countries and a large number of partner countries for 2006 to 2009. This allows us to examine the short‐run effect that protectionist measures may have had on bilateral FDI flows. The verdict from this analysis is clear: a country that implements new protectionist measures may expect that this may result in lower foreign direct investment inflows into the economy. The point estimates from our preferred specifications suggest that, depending on the empirical model, the implementation of a trade protection measure is associated with about 40 to 80 per cent lower FDI inflows. Trade protection does not appear to have any implications for the country’s FDI outflows, however. The negative effect on FDI inflows does not appear to be due to direct investment measures but rather to actions related to intellectual property rights protection and other more trade‐related measures.     

Does Foreign Direct Investment Affect Wage Inequality? An Empirical Investigation

We use a panel of more than 100 countries for the period 1980–2002 to analyse the relationship between inward foreign direct investment (FDI) and wage inequality. We particularly check whether this relationship is nonlinear, in line with a theoretical discussion. We find that the effect of FDI differs according to the level of development: we depict two different patterns, one for OECD (developed) and one for non‐OECD (developing) countries. Results suggest the presence of a nonlinear effect in developing countries: wage inequality increases with FDI inward stock, with such effect diminishing with further increases in FDI. For developed countries, wage inequality decreases with FDI inward stock, and there is no robust evidence to show that this effect is nonlinear.     

A global analysis of factors impacting the intensive and extensive margins of bilateral foreign direct investment

This study investigates determinants of bilateral foreign direct investment (FDI) on both margins, the extensive margin (whether to invest) and the intensive margin (how much to invest), based on the recent structural gravity model for FDI developed by Anderson et al. (Trade and investment in the global economy. National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, MA, 2017). I examine a global data set comprised of 110 countries over 9 years, 2004–12. Apart from conventional gravity variables, the source country's technology capital shows a significant and positive impact on both FDI margins. Bilateral investment treaties play a significant role only in determining the extensive margin. Results on FDI stocks and FDI flows can lead to different conclusions; thus, research should consult both types of data series to find which variables have robust effects. Furthermore, breaking down the sample by country development levels reveals that FDI from less‐developed countries (LDCs) is not affected by many common variables, and thus, there is a need to develop more theories and empirical work to investigate the FDI from LDCs in particular.     

Is FDI doing good? A golden rule for FDI ethics

Ethical and economic perspectives on foreign direct investment (FDI) often appear in opposing frameworks. To combat this antagonism, this research proposes a consolidation between foreign private wealth and general welfare in host countries. The first contribution of this study is to provide a comprehensive conceptual approach to the study of FDI ethics. The second key contribution is to present empirical analysis of the differential influence of the level of democratic rights on foreign employment, new projects, and FDI capital flows. Results suggest that FDI incentivizes general welfare in least developed countries with high degrees of volatility. Additionally, policymakers face a dilemma in which democracy and legal rights seem to be mutually incompatible with fostering foreign employment. Practitioners find a way to evaluate the ethical implications of international business activities. The study analyzes FDI data from 161 countries between 2003 and 2010 by means of the FDI gravity equation.     

The Impact of EU Preferential Trade Agreements on Foreign Direct Investment

Although North–South preferential trade agreements (PTAs) are expected to affect foreign direct investment (FDI), there is not much evidence to date on the impact of EU PTAs on the pattern of FDI. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of EU PTAs on the outward stocks of FDI of the EU. We estimate a model based on the knowledge‐capital theory of the multinational enterprise over the period 1995–2005 using a sample of 173 host countries. Explanatory variables include measures of the level of bilateral protection and a dummy to capture the impact of deep integration provisions of PTAs. A dynamic panel model with fixed effects is used in order to take into account the dynamic behaviour of FDI and the heterogeneity bias. Results show that EU FDI is both horizontal and vertical. The level of EU protection affects FDI negatively, while the impact of the tariffs applied by host countries varies across groups of partner countries. Deep integration provisions affect EU FDI positively.     

Modeling FDI based on a spatially augmented gravity model: Evidence for Central and Eastern European Countries

Based on a spatially augmented gravity model, the current paper isolates spatial interrelationships in foreign direct investment (FDI) to Central and Eastern European Countries (CEECs) not only across the destination but also across the origin country dimension of FDI. Results show that (i) spatial interrelationships across destination countries are present and are consistent with the predominance of vertical-complex FDI in total FDI; (ii) spatial correlation across origin countries is given in earlier years of transition, while spillover and competition effects cancel over the whole sample period; and (iii) agglomeration forces gain in importance for FDI to CEECs.     

江苏省利用外国直接投资与经济增长经验研究

本文分析了江苏省利用外国直接投资和经济增长之间的相关性,同时探讨了外国直接投资和经济增长之间的作用机制。江苏省的数据表明外国直接投资相对规模和经济增长之间存在正相关关系;外国直接投资主要通过人均物质资本、技术进步、产业结构的变动以及对外贸易等途径影响经济增长,但人力资本不是外国直接投资影响经济增长的显著途径。根据上述结论,提出了政策建议。     

中国企业对外直接投资及其贸易效应——基于面板引力模型的实证研究

文章利用2003～2009年中国对40个国家的投资面板数据,通过引力模型对投资与贸易的关系进行研究。结论表明,中国对外直接投资与贸易既存在互补关系,也存在替代关系,且对外直接投资对零部件贸易的影响非常明显。这体现出中国企业正在以更加积极主动的方式融入基于产品内分工的全球生产网络,并在其中发挥更大的作用。     

全球外商直接投资周期波动因素的实证分析

文章结合外商直接投资的有关理论,选择全球GDP,世界经济自由度指数以及全球跨国公司经营业绩三个变量作为全球外商直接投资波动的解释变量,建立跨度为23年的全球外商直接投资非常定模型。模型表明这三个因素对全球外商直接投资的影响每年都在发生变化,且遵循一定规律,模型在总体上也很好地解释全球FDI的周期波动。     

FDI促进国内投资的最优规模——理论模型与中国实证

本文首先构建了一个FDI影响国内投资的理论模型,说明存在一个最优的FDI规模,此时FDI对国内投资的促进作用最大。然后利用1985-2005年我国省区面板数据进行了实证检验。考虑到投资在不同地区之间的空间相关性,估计方法上采用最新提出的空间GM方法。结果发现:我国确实存在一个最优的FDI规模,约占GDP的6%;我国大部分省区的FDI小于这个最优规模,而FDI超过最优规模的省区主要集中在东部地区;从FDI对国内投资的长期效应来看,东部地区要低于中西部地区。     

中国服务业外商直接投资与服务贸易的关系——基于VAR模型的实证研究

本文利用VAR模型对中国服务业外商直接投资与服务贸易的关系进行了实证研究,结果表明,只存在服务出口、服务进口分别是服务业外商直接投资的单向Granger原因,服务业外商直接投资并不是服务出口和服务进口的Granger原因。从长期来看,服务业外商直接投资与服务出口、服务进口均是替代关系,短期来看,服务业外商直接投资与服务出口、服务进口是较弱的互补关系。     

FDI,Trade, and Growth Dynamics: New Evidence from the Post-Reform India

This article has two aims: first, review the related literature on the relationship among Foreign Direct Investment (FDI), Trade, and Economic Growth, and second, empirically examine the linkage between these variables. Our review of the literature indicates that despite a large volume of literature on the relationship among these variables, the direction of causality among them is far from over. Therefore, after observing a gap in the empirical literature, especially for developing economies, we investigate the linkage by using a Vector Autoregression (VAR) model applying the Ganger non-causality test of Toda and Yamamoto (1995) for the period 1991Q3 to 2006Q3. The evidence shows that there is bidirectional causality (two-way feedback) between FDI and economic growth. At the same time, there is also a unidirectional causality exists between exports and FDI, which runs from the former to the latter. Results of the test of causality between FDI and imports indicate the presence of a two-way feedback relationship between the variables.     

外商直接投资对经济增长的影响——基于母国的分析

文章分析了对外直接投资影响经济增长的途径;利用计量经济模型,揭示了对外直接投资与母国经济增长的关系;最后研究了我国发展对外直接投资的必要性与巨大潜力,提出了促进我国对外直接投资发展的对策。