会计信息与股票价格关系分析

一直以来会计界试图通过会计信息解释股票价格。本文在总结国内外理论与实证研究的基础上,分析了这一研究领域的发展,并通过引入剩余收益模型,探讨会计信息与股票价格之间的关系。     

Ownership Structure and Accounting Information Content: Evidence from France

This paper investigates how family and bank ownership affect the accounting information content of French firms. In Continental Europe, the existence of block‐holders triggers specific corporate governance issues, including the transparency of financial reporting. Our test results for the clean surplus model show that book value carries a significantly greater weight for family‐controlled firms. This finding is attributed to their lack of incentive to report timely and relevant earnings to outside (minority) investors. In contrast, bank owners are under more market pressure to achieve earnings persistence through the use of accounting accruals. Bank ownership is also associated with higher levels of debt. These results are consistent with findings that in code law countries, insiders dominate as a source of finance, and financial reporting is aimed at creditor protection.     

International Variation in Bank Accounting Information Content

This study explores the cross‐country impact of financial system and banking regulations on the information content of bank earnings and book value. Test results provide empirical evidence that financial system and banking regulations have a joint effect on the association of equity price with earnings and book value components in Germany, France, the United Kingdom and United States. This effect is explainable by the objective bank function, which shows that earnings of the period determine the terminal book value, thus consistent with the clean surplus accounting approach. Cross‐country variation in bank accounting information content calls for caution in interpreting international bank financial and operating ratios.     

The Information Content of Earnings Components: Evidence from the Chinese Stock Market

China's listed firms report substantial non-operating revenues and expenses. We argue that these non-core earnings should have different properties and different valuation implications than operating or core earnings. Furthermore, the different types of firm ownership may have differential impacts on the information content of earnings components. Based on data from 1996 to 2008, we find that core earnings are more persistent than non-core earnings. Because of this, core earnings have a greater association with contemporaneous stock returns. However, the stock market does not fully incorporate all the information in earnings; we find that core earnings are undervalued and non-core earnings are overvalued. This effect is much reduced for privately controlled listed firms. We develop an investment trading strategy to exploit these market inefficiencies.     

公司治理、会计环境与会计准则国际趋同

本文分析了公司治理、会计环境与会计准则国际趋同的内在关系,认为会计准则国际趋同的实现有赖于完善的公司治理与相关的会计环境适应机制。会计准则国际趋同的实现也会推动公司治理的完善,并为保证会计准则国际趋同有效实行提供了新思路。     

变革后的会计准则与信息质量

2006年2月15日中国新会计准则体系正式发布，作为中国会计史上新的里程碑，它既是旧会计准则阶段的终点也是跨入新阶段的起点，标志着中国会计准则与国际会计准则正在实现全面接轨。本文通过封中国会计准则颁布的制度变迁进行回顾，进一步分析会计准则体系的两大显着特点，即国际趋同与中国特色，并在此基础上总结出新旧会计准则的主要变化，以及封会计信息的影响。     

新会计准则下股指期货的会计处理

股指期货是衍生金融工具的一种，其会计处理一直都是会计界的一大难题。随着股指期货即将在我国推出，其会计处理的相关问题也亟待解决。一直以来我国在对金融工具的会计处理上都没有相应的准则或制度来规范和说明，在会计问题的研究上，向来都是参照《国际会计准则》来进行。     

The Role of International Financial Reporting Standards in Accounting Quality: Evidence from the European Union

Previous studies on the effect of International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) on accounting quality often have difficulties to control for confounding factors on accounting quality. As a result, the observed changes in accounting quality could not be attributed mainly to IFRS. We use a unique research setting to address this issue by comparing the accounting quality of publicly listed companies in 15 member states of the European Union (EU) before and after the full adoption of IFRS in 2005. We use five indicators as proxies for accounting quality. We find that the majority of accounting quality indicators improved after IFRS adoption in the EU. That is, there is less of managing earnings toward a target, a lower magnitude of absolute discretionary accruals, and higher accruals quality. But our results also show that firms engage in more earnings smoothing and recognize large losses in a less timely manner in post‐IFRS periods. In addition, we examine the effects of institutional variables on financial reporting quality. Our contribution to the literature is that we show the improved accounting quality is attributable to IFRS, rather than changes in managerial incentives, institutional features of capital markets, and general business environment, etc.     

会计准则国际趋同、国有股权与股权资本成本——来自中国A股市场的经验证据

从股权资本成本的角度,将股权资本成本视作全体股东对公司期望回报的综合水平,剖析并检验了我国会计准则国际趋同的经济后果及其作用的内在机理。研究表明:会计准则国际趋同显著降低了股权资本成本;国有股权显著影响股权资本成本,不同性质股权对会计准则国际趋同的反应程度不同;在我国特殊的制度背景和市场环境下,国家股东具有私人信息优势和较低的风险厌恶程度,国有股权的预期回报低于其他股权,其因会计准则国际趋同而降低的股权资本成本低于其他股权。     

Modelling Electricity Prices: International Evidence*

This article analyses the evolution of electricity prices in deregulated markets. We present a general class of models that simultaneously takes into account several factors: seasonality, mean reversion, GARCH behaviour and time‐dependent jumps. The models are applied to daily equilibrium spot prices of eight electricity markets. Eight different nested models were estimated to compare the relative importance of each factor in each of the eight markets. We find strong evidence that electricity equilibrium prices are mean‐reverting, with volatility clustering (GARCH) and with jumps of time‐dependent intensity, even after adjusting for seasonality.     

会计准则国际趋同、会计一致性与权益资本成本

本文以2005-2017年间沪深两市A股制造业198家上市公司为研究样本,分析了2005-2017年间随着会计准则国际趋同进程推进,从时间序列层面(同一公司不同时期)和公司层面(同一行业内不同公司之间)两个维度把会计一致性进行量化,将其与企业的权益资本成本结合到一起。研究发现,会计一致性总体上呈现上升趋势,这表明我国会计准则的国际趋同大大有利于会计信息质量的提高。进一步研究发现,不论是时间序列层面会计一致性还是公司层面会计一致性均与公司权益资本成本之间呈显著负相关关系,表明企业会计一致性的提升改善了财务信息质量,进而降低了公司股权融资成本。     

会计准则国际趋同的进程及对我国的启示

本文以会计准则国际趋同为讨论的核心,从国际会计准则理事会(IASC)改组后各国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同的进程入手,分析会计准则国际趋同进程中所面临的主要问题,并探讨其对我国会计准则与国际会计准则趋同的启示。     

我国会计准则与国际会计准则的差异分析

我国新颁布的会计准则与国际会计准则相比,顺应了国际化的要求,体现了一种趋同趋势。但需要明确的是,我国的会计准则是依据我国的政治、经济、文化等特定的综合因素而制定的,与国际会计准则相比存在着一些差异;因此有必要对存货准则、合并问题、借款费用以及政府补助准则等方面的差异进行分析。     

会计准则国际趋同的经济后果

会计准则国际趋同是经济全球化和资本市场国际化的必然选择,会计准则的国际趋同具有经济后果。本文分析和评价了会计准则国际趋同的经济后果的理论基础与经验证据,并指出了未来可能的研究方向。     

会计准则国际趋同的成本收益分析

会计准则的国际趋同是一把双刃剑,国家会计准则在与国际财务报告的趋同过程中,会计准则的改变会引发相应的变迁成本和变迁收益。论文探讨了会计准则国际趋同中可能发生的成本与收益,并在成本收益分析的基础上,探讨会计准则国际趋同期望趋同度的确定模型及我国会计准则国际趋同的策略。     

国际会计准则的走向分析及其启示

本文通过回顾国际会计准则的发展历史,从国际会计准则委员会的努力和欧盟、美国等不同利益集团对国际会计准则的态度等方面,简要分析了国际会计准则的走向及其对我国会计国际协调的启示。     

我国会计准则与国际会计准则差异的原因分析

经济全球化必然要求会计标准的统一,资本市场、跨国公司和区域经济的发展等正推动着会计准则的国际化。本文首先概述了我国会计准则与国际会计准则差异的相关研究,然后通过对我国会计准则国际协调过程中与国际会计准则的差异原因分析,以期对根据我国的现状制定出适合国情的会计准则提供参考。     

会计准则国际趋同的经济后果

会计准则国际趋同是经济全球化和资本市场国际化的必然选择,会计准则的国际趋同具有经济后果。本文分析和评价了会计准则国际趋同的经济后果的理论基础与经验证据,并指出了未来可能的研究方向。     

The Risk-Relevance of Accounting Data: Evidence from the Spanish Stock Market

This paper analyses the relevance of accounting fundamentals to inform about equity risk as measured by the cost of equity capital. Assuming the latter is a summary measure of how investors make decisions regarding the allocation of resources, the strength of the association between the cost of capital and the accounting‐based measures of risk indicates how important these measures are for market participants when making economic decisions. To infer the cost of equity capital, we use the O'Hanlon and Steele's method, which is based on the residual income valuation model. Moreover, we use the insights from this model to provide a theoretical underpinning for the choice of the accounting variables related to risk. The sample refers to the non‐financial firms listed in the Madrid Stock Exchange along the period 1987–2002. Our results support our initial expectations regarding the association between the cost of equity capital and the accounting‐based risk variables, thereby supporting the usefulness of fundamental analysis to determine the risk inherent in share's future payoffs. In particular, we highlight the role of investing risk, which has been ignored in previous research. Our results are also robust to measures of risk other than the cost of capital such as the variability in total returns and the firm's systematic risk (β).