The Use of Foreign Accounting Data in UK Financial Institutions

Globalisation of securities markets has caused many members of the investment community to use foreign accounting data. This paper examines how this foreign data is used by some London-based participants in the market. Areas for examination are established after looking at the extensive published research on the use of domestic accounting data and the small amount of published research in an international context. Twenty-one market participants were interviewed, although four of these were treated as a pilot, so that most findings were based on 17 interviewees working for six institutions. If this sample is representative, our findings suggest that market participants are inexpert in accounting; sector experts see international accounting differences as a hindrance but country experts do not; participants use foreign accounting data for analysis but very few adjust it (although fund managers think that analysts do); there is some avoidance of countries or sectors for accounting reasons; and there is very little knowledge of international accounting differences.     

浅析财务会计与税务会计的协调

本文从财务会计与税务会计的目标、原则及核算的差异出发,探讨如何协调财务会计与税务会计.     

Bank Competition and Financial Stability

Under the traditional “competition-fragility” view, more bank competition erodes market power, decreases profit margins, and results in reduced franchise value that encourages bank risk taking. Under the alternative “competition-stability” view, more market power in the loan market may result in higher bank risk as the higher interest rates charged to loan customers make it harder to repay loans, and exacerbate moral hazard and adverse selection problems. The two strands of the literature need not necessarily yield opposing predictions regarding the effects of competition and market power on stability in banking. Even if market power in the loan market results in riskier loan portfolios, the overall risks of banks need not increase if banks protect their franchise values by increasing their equity capital or engaging in other risk-mitigating techniques. We test these theories by regressing measures of loan risk, bank risk, and bank equity capital on several measures of market power, as well as indicators of the business environment, using data for 8,235 banks in 23 developed nations. Our results suggest that—consistent with the traditional “competition-fragility” view—banks with a higher degree of market power also have less overall risk exposure. The data also provides some support for one element of the “competition-stability” view—that market power increases loan portfolio risk. We show that this risk may be offset in part by higher equity capital ratios.

Continuity and Discontinuity in Accounting Technology in Danish State Institutions

The development of accounting technology in the Danish state sector is characterised by episodes of disruption and the longevity of certain principles that define accounting's accountability as involved in producing the state as a unit, as providing a continuous concern for productivity, and as providing the means by which a parliamentary democracy may work. The episodes of disruption may often repair on this trinity of issues. The recent transformations are radical as they introduce a new form of management via individualised 'accounting-cultured' institutions and managers. They do so via a heightened emphasis on a core technology already in place supplemented by a new mode of output orientation rather than input orientation via a Company Accounts . In addition to reporting on spending, this set of accounts introduced a series of non-financial measures such as productivity, quality, and customer satisfaction.     

银行业金融机构小面额备付金限额合理性研究

本文假定流通中现钞货币总量是充足的、现钞货币券别结构是完整性的这一命题,然后运用现钞货币券别结构权数理论来确定各券别之间的结构权数和权重,应用该理论确定银行业金融机构小面额备付金合理性限额,最后对银行业金融机构保障小面额备付金最低限额提出具体监督管理建议。     

论我国银行业衍生金融工具的会计确认

衍生金融工具的会计确认具有明显的特殊性。近年来,由于我国商业银行开展的衍生性金融交易规模不断扩大,因此探究我国银行业衍生金融工具的会计确认问题,具有十分积极的现实意义。     

新旧企业会计准则的金融衍生工具比较研究

财政部新颁布的企业会计准则虽然突显复杂性,但更接近国际惯例,同时也创新了金融会计思维,在实施中存在不少难点.     

银行业金融机构反洗钱工作中的会计应用探析

随着《反洗钱法》及相关法规的颁布实施,将反洗钱规定落实到具体工作中去,以促进高效履行反洗钱义务就成为了当前银行业金融机构面临的主要问题之一。实际操作过程中银行业金融机构应当结合近几年来反洗钱工作现状及工作目标,调整会计部门的反洗钱工作职能,以全面提高反洗钱管理水平。     

我国应重视商业银行会计管理和会计控制

本文分析了我国商业银行中会计管理和会计控制的现状,提出我国商业银行在"强化管理、规范经营、稳健发展"中应重视和强化商业银行会计管理与控制的迫切性.     

会计稳健性与审计收费:基于审计风险控制策略的分析

随着监管趋于更加严格,会计师事务所承担的法律责任和赔偿也越来越高。如何采取有效措施防范和控制风险,最大可能地降低损失,已经成为会计师事务所的重要议题。本文对2001至2006年我国上市公司展开研究后发现:作为一种风险控制策略,强制审计客户保持一定的会计稳健性能够降低审计风险,从而降低审计收费;但稳健性发挥作用受到法律环境和诉讼风险的影响,仅对同时发行A股和其他类型股票的企业起到了显著作用。较高审计收费的风险控制策略与强制客户保持一定稳健性的风险控制策略之间存在替代关系。     

金融风险的信息质量特征与我国金融会计制度改革

本文着眼于巴塞尔新资本协议第三次征求意见稿提出的金融风险监管和信息披露框架,以我国金融会计制度的国际化协调为切入点,分析了信用风险、市场风险和操作风险等金融风险的构成要素,指出现有监管信息系统和会计体系存在的问题.同时,本文还评价了我国新<金融企业会计制度>等规范对金融风险的披露和监管特征,分析了新制度对银行类上市公司所产生的影响,并提出了建立以风险计量会计披露为核心的监管体系的构想.本文最后对协同新巴塞尔协议的监管原则,建立完整的银行业信息披露框架,形成动态信息披露机制提出了一些建议.     

会计师事务所虚假陈述行政法律责任研究

会计师事务所被誉为证券市场的“经济警察”,其对被审单位审计报告关系到投资者的切身利益.会计师事务所在证券市场的虚假陈述行为不仅破坏了金融市场秩序同时还会引起投资者合法权益的损害,因此《证券法》规定了会计师事务所及注册会计师虚假陈述时因承担的民事责任和行政责任.然而,在现行法律框架之下行政责任的认定往往是民事责任的前提,...     

National Accounting, Governmental Accounting and Cross-country Comparisons of Government Financial Condition

The assessment of the financial condition of governments within the European Monetary Union is based on the 'Deficit-to-GDP' and the 'Debt-to-GDP' ratios. Reliable judgements and cross-national comparisons require reconciliation of national accounting and governmental accounting as well as a certain degree of transnational standardisation of governmental accounting. Recent and current developments of national accounting and governmental accounting systems have not considered these aspects and have therefore contributed, whether deliberately or not, to a questioning of the usefulness of the above-mentioned ratios.     

韩国银行挤兑事件及对我国的启示

2011年初,韩国银行挤兑及停业事件接连发生,韩国银行体系风险突显。本文分析了导致风险的根本原因及韩国监管当局的应对策略,并为我国银行业发展与监督带来启示．     

财务会计目标之透视

财务会计目标是会计准则的基石,用来指引整个财务会计概念框架和会计准则体系的构建,在会计准则制定工作中起重要的导航作用。本文在对财务会计目标综述的基础上,分析了我国会计环境对财务会计目标的影响;进一步明确了在我国目前的会计环境下,财务会计目标应定位于"决策有用观+受托责任观"。     

货币政策波动、银行信贷与会计稳健性

宏观经济政策(如货币政策)如何通过改变微观企业行为来影响经济发展是学术界探讨得比较少的领域。本文在此方向上进行研究尝试,并以货币政策波动对企业会计政策稳健性与银行贷款之间的关系为切人点。具体来说,当货币政策进入紧缩期时,我们预期企业会计政策变得更加稳健,以更容易取得银行贷款。运用1998～2008年的年度数据,并根据央行要求的金融机构存款准备金率、对金融机构的再贷款利率和再贴现利率的变化,我们定义2004、2006、2007年为我国的货币政策紧缩阶段。实证结果基本上支持我们的预期。我们进一步发现依赖于外部融资和拥有更高债务水平的企业会计稳健性更高,持有大量现金的企业会计稳健性更低,国有企业的会计稳健性更低。在会计稳健性的经济后果上,本文发现在货币政策紧缩阶段,会计稳健性的提高有助于企业获得更多的信贷资源。     

Precision in Accounting Information, Financial Leverage and the Value of Equity

Abstract:  Using an equity valuation model characterized by periodic imperfect accounting information, we examine how financial leverage affects a firm's accounting quality choice (i.e., precision). We find that the existence of financial leverage motivates firms with average to good performance to prepare accounting information with a high degree of precision. However, we conclude that when a firm is performing poorly it has an incentive to reduce accounting precision in order to lower the likelihood of both a debt covenant violation and the detection of accounting bias.     

完善行政事业单位会计内部控制工作的思考

建立有效的会计内控制度,既能提高单位资产的安全性和完整性,又能防止财务风险、提高财务管理水平。目前,行政事业单位会计内部控制工作中或多或少存在着一定的漏洞,这不仅会造成财务管理混乱,而且不利于整个单位的有效管理。本文通过分析行政事业单位会计内控制度的现状,提出了相应的具体建议。     

Financial Accounting Reform in Flemish Universities: An Empirical Study of the Implementation

This paper presents an overview of the current accounting reform towards accrual accounting in Flemish universities. The focus is on the concept of the reformed accounting legislation and on the empirical outcomes of implementation based on an examination of annual accounts. An important issue is the unsuccessful mixing up of the traditional budgetary accounting system with the new financial accounting system. The empirical examination reveals a lot of accounting problems in the area of the reformed regulations as well as in the accounting practices and that the comparability of the annual reporting is not guaranteed even after years of experience.     

合并会计报表编制中资产减值准备抵销问题的会计处理

财政部发布的《企业会计制度》规定,企业除应对应收账款和其他应收款计提坏账准备外,还要对存货、长短期投资、固定资产、在建工程、无形资产、委托贷款、应收融资租贷款的可收回金额加以分析,并计提相应的减值准备。那么在编制合并会计报表时,是否也要对内部交易形成的存货、投资、固定资产、无形资产相应的减值准备进行抵销呢?2002年注册会计师考试辅导教材中只提到“如果对内部交易形成的存货计提了跌价准备,还应在编制合并会计报表时将其抵销。如果已对固定资产、无形资产计提了相关减值准备的,还应在编制合并会计报表时进行相应的抵销…