我国会计准则国际趋同中存在的问题及对策

随着经济全球化进程的加快和国际资本市场的日益发展,会计国际化呈现出全球加速的趋势,作为规范会计信息标准会计准则的国际化是会计国际化的核心。尽管我国在会计准则国际趋同的道路上已经取得了令人瞩目的成果,发布了与国际会计准则实质性趋同的准则体系,然而由于我国会计改革起步较晚,会计环境的特殊性,在会计准则国际趋同的道路上还有很长的路要走。本文基于我国特殊的会计环境分析,提出我国会计准则国际趋同所面临的一些障碍,并针对这些障碍提出我国应采取的一些策略建议,以期能够对推动我国会计准则的国际趋同有所帮助。     

关于会计教学中学生职业判断能力培养的研究

2006年财政部颁布了新的会计准则,会计职业判断空间在不断扩大,会计政策和会计估计的选择权越来越大,日常的交易或事项的会计处理,需要会计人员运用职业判断能力在会计准则允许的范围内灵活地做出判断、选择,这对会计人员的素质提出了相当高的要求,如何培养出具备较强的职业判断能力的会计人才,是会计教学中面临的新课题。     

对财务会计中重要性原则的探讨

财务会计原则中的重要性原则是属于西方财务会计的一条重要原则。对于重要性原则的正确认识和运用,能够使财务会计工作中核算费用大大降低,同时使财务会计工作数据信息更加准确,对于财务会计人员来讲是非常有利的一项原则。因此,论文就现如今财务会计性原则中的重要性原则作深入论述。     

关于建立我国政府会计概念框架的设想

本文在借鉴西方财务会计概念框架的基础上,提出在我国建立政府会计概念框架的设想,并论述了我国建立政府概念框架的必要性与可行性,旨在为理论和实务工作者解决中国预算会计改革问题提供了一个框架和构想。     

Key Concepts in Ethnography

Abstract

As a reaction to recent corporate scandals, corporate law and accounting regulations have recently been modified in German-speaking countries. Despite changing corporate contexts and agendas, accounting research in these countries has been comparatively silent on issues of corporate governance. In this paper, we discuss this limited response, focusing particularly on the field of management accounting. In German-speaking countries, management accounting is conceived of in a specific way (usually referred to as Controlling). The traditions of such a practice and the associated academic school of thought have made it difficult for researchers to consider issues of corporate governance and internal control in more empirical depth. Pointing to the importance of investigating the actual use of accounting systems and, thus, the social and institutional context of accounting, we propose a strategy for research and education that would allow for more comprehensive insights into the role that (management) accounting might play in corporate scandals.     

浅谈施工企业内部成本费用的控制

本文主要阐述施工企业的内部成本核算与财务成本核算之间的区别,以及内部成本核算的模式,同时也阐述了实施成本核算应具备的条件。以期对施工企业的内部成本费用的控制有所帮助。     

浅谈事业单位会计基础工作规范化管理

在经济管理工作中,会计工作的地位不容小觑,而会计基础工作作为会计工作的根本,是决定会计工作能否高效、高质量完成的先决条件,只有将会计基础工作进行规范化管理,打好基础,才能推动其他会计工作的有序开展。论文对事业单位会计基础工作规范化管理进行了阐述,提出了现阶段事业单位会计基础工作的问题,并给予了相关对策建议,旨在推动事业单位会计基础工作有序、高效地开展。     

论我国会计科学研究方法的专门研究

会计学是一门具有自身专属研究对象与研究内容的科学,它是社会科学体系中管理科学的一个重要组成部分,其理论的发展与创新离不开科学的研究方法,故会计科学研究方法也应作为会计科学理论体系中的一个专门问题进行研究。本文以对我国会计科学研究方法研究现状的评析为基础,提出会计科学研究方法研究成果的运用应当以推动其学术规范建设作为重点。     

医院财务管理中全成本合算系统的研究

本文主要是通过对医院财务管理中采用全成本合算系统的价值意义、全成本核算在实施过程中所遵循的原理以及医院在实施全成本核算中所面临的主要的问题和存在的主要矛盾来展开描述,通过对这些问题的探讨使得大家对医院财务管理中采用全成本核算系统有一个更加深入的认识。     

论会计电算化内部控制存在的问题及对策

会计电算化取代手工会计是历史的必然,会计电算化的高效率、高准确度给会计人员减少了工作量,增强了会计信息的准确度。但如果没有较完善的内部控制,会计电算化同样不能起到防错杜弊的作用。目前我国会计电算化的内部控制还很薄弱,还存在许多问题,加强会计电算化的内部控制,提高会计信息的质量和有效性已成为当务之急。     

我国实证会计研究的现状分析

本文简要地介绍了实证会计研究的概念、研究步骤和特点,客观评价了实证会计研究的作用。在此基础上,分析了实证会计研究在我国的应用现状,并提出了我国开展实证会计研究的若干建议,以期为我国实证会计研究提供参考。     

Economic Determinants of Multiple Accounting Method Choices in a Swiss Context

This article investigates economic determinants that may affect multiple accounting method choices made by Swiss listed companies. It intends to make a contribution to the accounting choice literature for at least four reasons. This is, to our knowledge, the first study to investigate the economic determinants of Swiss accounting method choices. Second, Swiss firms provide an interesting sample for testing accounting method choices because they can choose from a much wider range of accounting methods than their American counterparts. Third, this study examines the balance sheet effect as well as the income statement effect. Lastly, multiple accounting methods are used instead of individual choices. The empirical results exhibit that income‐accelerating accounting method choices is positively associated with the recourse to bank and private loans, the extent of assets specificity and the ownership dilution of the firm and negatively with labour force. Additionally, firms that select leverage‐ratios decreasing accounting methods, make higher recourse to debt and especially bank loans to finance their activities and exhibit a higher proportion of specific assets than other corporations. Overall, this result suggests that in a Swiss context, managers may select accounting methods to decrease both debt and political costs as well as to increase their own compensation to some extent.     

Accrual accounting does not necessarily mean accrual accounting: Factors that counteract compliance with accounting standards in Swedish municipal accounting

The regulation of Swedish municipal accounting has undergone fundamental changes over recent decades. Municipal accounting became regulated by law the 1st of January, 1998 after having been merely voluntarily regulated in the past. In accordance with the legislation, a standard-setting body was formed, with responsibility for development and interpretation of generally accepted accounting principles for municipal accounting. Important aims of the legislation and reform were to suppress ‘creative’ accounting and to increase the level of harmonization and comparability. Using the lens of positive accounting theory as well as institutional theory, this paper describes and explains the impact of the legislation and standard setting in the Swedish municipal sector. We have used a triangulation approach, collecting data through a survey, documentary study and interviews. The overall results show that the reform has had a very limited impact on accounting practice. Compliance with accounting standards was in general poor. This result is in line with the assumptions of positive accounting theory. However, the study also shows that there are differences among the preparers which can be explained by institutional theory. Large municipalities produce better accounting information (i.e. more in line with generally accepted accounting principles) than the municipalities in general. Weak audit quality seems to be another important factor that explains the poor compliance with accounting standards.     

中国会计改革思路:国家化与国际化

本文对中国会计改革和发展提出了对策建议。指出了中国特色的会计改革思路,必须坚持"国家化",充分发挥中国特色的会计理论优势;同时加快国际会计协调,走"国际化"的道路,尽早与国际会计理论接轨,并实现双向协调。在改革过程中发展,同时在发展过程中改革。     

管理会计与财务会计在企业管理中的应用分析

在企业的发展过程中,管理会计与财务会计扮演着重要的角色,财务管理水平和企业的可持续发展有着紧密的联系。论文主要分析了管理会计与财务会计之间的关系,分析和阐述了在企业管理过程中管理会计与财务会计暴露的问题,最后提出了管理会计与财务会计在企业管理中的具体运用,以供参考。     

Accounting for Management and Managing Accounting: Reflections on Recent Changes in the UK

This paper uses data derived from interviews carried out in a number of UK companies to explore the extent to which management concerns are driven by accounting practices, and also how accounting practices are mediated by the views that managers have of the role of accounting. The paper also analyses accounts given by UK managers of the ways in which changes in accounting are being managed. Two specific issues relating to accounting change are examined: (1) the impact of new information technology on accounting change, and (2) the competition between accounting and alternative bodies of expertise as mechanisms for change. In studying accounting in the context of wider organizational change, the paper focuses on a number of distinct, yet related, themes: (1) management accounting’s power to reinvent itself; (2) the interface between management accounting practices and employee empowerment (as one example of ‘new’ management practices); and, (3) contradictions in using management accounting calculi to facilitate the ‘new’ organization.     

中小企业会计电算化存在的问题及对策

计算机网络和经济的高速发展使得会计电算化受到越来越多的重视。对于一个企业来说,应当理性并且全面地看待会计电算化在实行中的好与坏。会计电算化的实行不仅能够提高会计相关数据的精准度,而且可以提高会计信息的质量和水准,与此同时,会计电算化也会对会计信息的安全性造成一定的威胁。     

高校会计电算化专业教学探析

如何搞好会计电算化教学,为社会培养高素质的会计电算化人才,已经成为会计教学改革中的重要课题,笔者根据自己的教学体会分析了当前会计电算化教学中普遍存在的问题,提出了完善会计电算化教学的对策。     

演化博弈视角的会计准则变迁诠释

近年来,制度变迁研究日趋倾向于利用演化博弈论。会计准则作为一种制度,其变迁可以纳入制度变迁的理论框架中予以研究。本文在演化博弈论的基础上,构建了会计准则变迁的最优反映动态模型和复制动态模型,为会计准则变迁分析提供了新的视角。研究结论表明:会计准则变迁与博弈参与方获益结构的改变,会引起会计准变迁,博弈方收益和成本的具体水平和相对水平是会计准则变迁趋势和具体路径的选择依据,学习和模仿在会计准则变迁中具有重要作用。     

高速公路公司财务管理中的会计监督

会计监督是会计工作中的一项基本职能,而加强会计监督对企业会计行为的规范具有重要的作用。本文主要探讨在高速公路公司财务管理中会计监督的具体实施对策。