Does direct foreign investment affect domestic credit constraints?

Firms in developing countries cite credit constraints as one of their primary obstacles to investment. Direct foreign investment may ease credit constraints by bringing in scarce capital. Alternatively, if foreign firms borrow heavily from domestic banks, they may crowd local firms out of domestic capital markets. Using firm data from the Ivory Coast, we test whether: (1) domestic firms are more credit constrained than foreign firms, and (2) whether borrowing by foreign firms exacerbates domestic firm credit constraints. Results provide support for both hypotheses. We also find that state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are less financially constrained than other domestic enterprises.     

外国直接投资对我国产业结构升级的影响--对外贸易视角的分析

改革开放以来,特别是20世纪90年代至今,外国直接投资对我国经济发展的促进作用在对外贸易活动中表现的尤为显著。本文选取对外贸易视角,考察和分析了外国直接投资对我国产业结构升级的影响和作用,并根据实证分析的结论提出了相应的政策建议。     

Investigating the causality links between environmental quality,foreign direct investment and economic growth in MENA countries

This paper investigates the causal relationship between environmental quality, Foreign Direct Investment and economic growth using simultaneous-equation panel data VAR model a panel of 17 MENA countries over the period 1990–2012. Our empirical results pointed out that there is a unidirectional causality running from both FDI stocks and CO₂ emissions to economic growth. They also indicate the existence of unidirectional causality running from economic growth to CO₂ emissions. However, the results support the occurrence of unidirectional causality from FDI stocks to CO₂ emissions. Our empirical result confirms the hypothesis of neutrality for the Environment-GDP link. There is bidirectional causality from ${\text{CO}}_2$emissions and economic growth, and a bidirectional causal relationship between FDI stocks and CO₂ emissions. For the global panel, we show that the existence of a unidirectional causality running from FDI stocks to economic growth; a bidirectional causality between economic growth and CO₂ emissions; as well as a bidirectional causality between FDI stocks and ${\text{CO}}_2$emissions.     

Spillovers from foreign direct investment and firm growth: technological,financial and market structure effects

This article examines spillover effects from inward investment on domestic firm growth in the case of a developed host country. The emphasis is placed on the role of the technological gap between domestic and foreign firms in identifying the importance of technology diffusion from the presence of multinationals. An augmented production function is employed to account for technological, financial and market structure effects. Based on a sample of 2589 manufacturing firms operating in Greece between 1992 and 1997, the analysis provides evidence that the significance of spillovers varies with the relative technological position of domestic firms and is higher in the middle and upper quantiles of the growth distribution. It was estimated that a unit increase in the foreign presence in Greek industry raises output growth by 7% on average, in a five‐year period, after controlling for technological differences among firms. This result is consistent with the ‘absorptive capacity’ hypothesis that the technological capability of the host country relates positively to FDI spillover benefits.     

外国直接投资与我国产业结构演进的实证分析

改革开放以来,我国产业结构发生了较大的变化.随着改革开放的逐步深入,外国直接投资对我国经济的影响也在逐步增大.为了使外国直接投资在我国产业结构调整的过程中更好地发挥促进作用,就需要对外国直接投资与我国产业结构演进的关系进行分析.本文利用改革开放以来的历年数据,分析外国直接投资对我国三次产业比例变化的影响;同时结合不同时期外国直接投资在各产业内的投资偏好以及投资结构的变动趋势,分析外国直接投资对三次产业内部结构变化的影响.     

论我国外商直接投资的技术溢出效应——基于各地区19个制造业行业的经验分析

利用我国2001年与2002年制造业19个行业的截面数据对外商直接投资的技术溢出效应进行了分析,考察外商直接投资的技术溢出效应。似不相关估计结果表明,整体而言,外商投资是促进技术进步,具有“鲁棒性”的影响因素,同时,对于国内企业或西部地区而言,外商投资具有显著的地区正效应与显著的行业负效应。     

开发区与中国区域经济增长

本文运用2000-2006年52个国家级经济技术开发区的面板数据,考察了开发区对区域经济增长的贡献。实证结果显示,开发区对区域经济增长具有显著作用,这不仅表现在开发区较强的技术外溢效应,还表现在开发区比非开发区具有较高的生产率。统计和实证结果还显示,东部开发区的贡献和作用最大,其次是中部开发区,最后是西部开发区。此外,地理位置对城市产出也具有重要影响。因此,东部开发区应充分利用好区位优势,加大招商引资力度;中西部开发区则应享受更多优惠政策。     

The investment development path of newly developed countries

According to foreign direct investment (FDI) path theory, developed countries are grouped into two phases, known as the fourth and fifth phases. Fourth‐phase countries (newly developed economies) show a technological and institutional “gap” in comparison with fifth‐phase economies, which explains their lesser capacity to generate direct investment. We found that these countries, which were less developed economies in the 1980s, had undergone a deep structural transformation. This transformation encouraged the multinationalization of firms, which is a differentiating element and one outcome of their development process. These results have clear policy implications: the governments of newly developed countries should take steps to increase the endowment of knowledge‐intensive assets. The main contribution of this paper is the theoretical reformulation of the fourth phase of the investment development path theory.     

外商直接投资对经济增长的影响分析

近年来,外商直接投资作为国际化经济的显著特征之一日益发展。它作为外资企业谋求经济利益的主要经济活动之一,与贸易并行的国际经济活动的一部分。以中国、巴基斯坦及日本为例,利用宏观经济数据,用计量经济模型,定量比较分析外商直接投资对经济增长的影响。结果表明:外商直接投资与贸易、人力资本等因素促进中国和巴基斯坦的经济增长,但是促进效果不同。     

外商直接投资对黑龙江省产业结构的影响分析与对策

外商直接投资对黑龙江的产业结构升级起到了不可忽视的作用。在经济全球化和振兴东北老工业基地的双重契机下,应从实际出发,制定合理的政策,采取可行的措施,充分有效地利用外资,扩大利用外资的规模,提高利用外资的质量,以体制创新、机制创新和科技创新活动为动力,加快对内对外开放,整合区域资源,实现资源有效配置,以资源的高效利用为核心,大力发展循环经济,把握高新技术产业的发展方向,以信息化带动工业化,走新型工业化道路,推进产业集聚和企业集群发展,促进高新技术产业规模化和传统产业化升级,把黑龙江省的比较优势转变为经济优势的市场竞争优势。     

An information-based trade off between foreign direct investment and foreign portfolio investment

The paper develops a model of foreign direct investments (FDI) and foreign portfolio investments (FPI). FDI enables the owner to obtain refined information about the firm. This superiority, relative to FPI, comes with a cost: a firm owned by the FDI investor has a low resale price because of asymmetric information between the owner and potential buyers. The model can explain several stylized facts regarding foreign equity flows, such as the larger ratio of FDI to FPI inflows in developing countries relative to developed countries, and the greater volatility of FDI net inflows relative to FPI net inflows.     

FDI与鄱阳湖生态经济区工业能源强度——基于南昌市、景德镇市和鹰潭市的相关分析

本文采用2007～2010年鄱阳湖生态经济区3个设区市(南昌市、景德镇市、鹰潭市)的数据,采用相关分析方法分析了FDI与鄱阳湖生态经济区工业能源强度之间的关系。结果表明,FDI与鄱阳湖生态经济区工业能源强度显著负相关,这表明提高利用外资质量和水平有助于降低鄱阳湖生态经济区工业能源强度。     

Promoting foreign direct investment in developing countries

Over 100 developing nations have investment promotion offices or agencies, reflecting a sense of competition to attract foreign direct investment, most of which flows to a few favorite countries. The investment promotion function is often underfunded and haphazard. This article outlines policy choices for investment promotion and discusses alternative modes of organizing this crucial activity. It proposes a novel bounty / royalty scheme whereby investment can be attracted.     

Religion and foreign direct investment

This study examines the effect of religion on foreign direct investment (FDI). Using a large sample of directional FDI flows and religious data between 1985 and 2019, we calculate the religious distance between home and host countries and find that FDI flows are smaller for country pairs with greater religious distance. This finding remains intact after a host of variables affecting FDI are controlled. Moreover, the negative effect of religious differences is less pronounced if the host country has higher religious diversity or both countries have a bilateral investment treaty (BIT) in force. Finally, we construct a country-level measure for religiosity and find an asymmetric effect of religiosity on FDI flows. Overall, our study suggests that both religious differences and the level of religiosity play important roles in explaining international FDI flows. (JEL F21, F41, Z12)     

Empirical asymmetries in foreign direct investment and taxation

This paper assesses the sensitivity of the operations of multinational corporations (MNCs) to host country taxation. The empirical analysis is based on two different measures of MNC activity by U.S. majority-owned foreign affiliates: panel data for aggregate real gross product in manufacturing that originates in a given host country and micro data for a single year regarding the likelihood of a firm locating in a given host country. The empirical estimates indicate that investment geared toward export markets, rather than the domestic market, is particularly sensitive to host country taxation, that this sensitivity appears to be greater in developing countries than developed countries, and that it is becoming greater over time.     

Effects of foreign direct investment in developing countries

The effects of direct investments and multinational corporations remain a highly contentious issue. The author traces here the reasons for the large number of diverging statements and comments on this issue and considers what political conclusions should be drawn from this wide variety of views.     

服务业外国直接投资对服务业各行业经济增长的影响分析——以江苏省为例

我国加入世贸组织后,服务业各行业逐步开放,服务业外国直接投资的进入将对我国新一轮经济增长和产业结构升级起到重要作用。本文选取1998年至2003年江苏省服务业各行业为研究样本,对各行业外国直接投资情况作了描述,通过回归方程,得出服务业主要行业外国直接投资对行业经济增长有不同影响的结论,在此基础上提出了相关的政策建议。     

Intellectual property rights and foreign direct investment

This paper develops a product cycle model with endogenous innovation, imitation, and foreign direct investment (FDI). We use this model to determine how stronger intellectual property rights (IPR) protection in the South affects innovation, imitation and FDI. We find that stronger IPR protection keeps multinationals safer from imitation, but no more so than Northern firms. Instead, the increased difficulty of imitation generates resource wasting and imitation disincentive effects that reduce both FDI and innovation. The greater resources absorbed in imitation crowd out FDI. Reduced FDI then transmits resource scarcity in the South back to the North and consequently contracts innovation.     

Foreign direct investment and productivity spillovers in Irish manufacturing industry: evidence from plant level panel data

It is often argued that foreign firms may enhance the productivity of indigenous firms in an economy, through forward or backward linkages. Such externality effects typically are called “productivity spillovers”. In terms of foreign direct investment (FDI), Ireland is one of the most globalized economies in the world, having pursued a strategy of promoting investment by foreign companies for over 40 years. This article examines possible productivity spillovers from foreign‐owned firms to indigenous firms in the Irish manufacturing sector, using plant‐level data on all manufacturing firms for the period 1991–1998. Despite Irish policy commitment to building linkages between foreign and domestic firms, we find only weak evidence of spillovers and this evidence is sensitive to the definition and measurement of foreign presence.