分期等额偿还银行贷款利息的新算法

银行分期等额偿还贷款是指银行要求借款人在贷款期限内分期偿还贷款，而每期等额偿还的金额是按照名义利率计算出来的本息加以平均求得的。在这种贷款方式下，借款人虽然一开始获得了贷款本金全额，但由于在贷款期内每期要偿还部分金额，因此实际可供借款人使用的资金将越来越少，这样实际上提高了借款人的资金使用成本。     

Structural changes and association in mobility tables: an integration and extension of existing approaches

Previous work distinguishing the effects of structural change from stratification processes on mobility chances include the mobility ratio, the standard log-linear model for mobility tables, and the models proposed by Hope, and by Sobel, Hout and Duncan. Each approach is in some respect problematic. Adapting ideas from each approach, we present a model for mobility tables that distinguishes structural effects unambiguously from stratification processes. Our model incorporates a base of structural constancy and no association, together with stable structural effects unaffected by the particular pattern of association, as well as estimates of the association affecting each cell. An important feature of the model is that it can provide estimates of the direct effects of stratification processes and their consequences.     

Implementation of marginal cost pricing equilibrium allocations with transfers in economies with increasing returns to scale

This paper considers implementation of marginal cost pricing equilibrium allocations with transfers for production economies with increasing returns to scale. We present a mechanism whose Nash equilibrium allocations coincide with the set of marginal cost pricing equilibrium allocations with transfers that characterizes Pareto efficient allocations for economies with non-convex production technologies. We allow production sets and preferences to be unknown to the planner. The mechanism has some nice properties such as feasibility, continuity, and finite-dimension of message space. Furthermore, it works not only for three or more agents, but also for two-agent economies.     

Weakly fair allocations and strategy-proofness

This paper investigates the problem of allocating two types of indivisible objects among a group of agents when a priority-order must be respected and only restricted monetary transfers are allowed. Since the existence of a fair (as in envy-free) allocation is not generally guaranteed, due to the restrictions on the money transfers, the concept of fairness is weakened, and a new concept of fairness is introduced. This concept is called weak fairness. This paper defines an allocation rule that implements weakly fair allocations and demonstrates that it is coalitionally strategy-proof. In fact, under a mild regulatory condition and quasi-linear utility functions, it is demonstrated that this is the only coalitionally strategy-proof allocation rule that implements a weakly fair allocation. We would like to thank two anonymous referees, the participants at the Society for the Advancement of Economic Theory Conference (Greece, 2007) and the participants at the Association for Public Economic Theory Meeting (Nashville, USA, 2007) for valuable comments. The authors would also like to acknowledge financial support from The Jan Wallander and Tom Hedelius Foundation.     

The relationship of personality to counterproductive work behavior (CWB): An integration of perspectives

The workplace literature relating personality to CWB is integrated with complimentary literatures from other disciplines including developmental and social psychology. The literature is reviewed showing how both broad-based personality dimensions reflected in integrity tests and measures of the five factor model, and specific personality traits relate to counterproductive work behavior (CWB). A model is developed showing how different personality variables shown to relate to aggression and/or (CWB) might affect different steps in the process linking behavior to precipitating environmental conditions or events. Specifically Hostile Attribution Bias and Narcissism are most relevant to appraisal and attributions, Negative Affectivity and Trait Anger connect to negative emotions, and Locus of Control and Self-Control are thought to play a CWB inhibiting role. Distinctions among reactive, proactive, and relational aggression are extended to CWB.     

Experiments with mixtures: Optimal allocations for becker’s models

Extending Scheffé’s simplex-centroid design for experiments with mixtures, we introduce aweighted simplex-centroid design for a class of mixture models. Becker’s homogeneous functions of degree one belong to this class. By applying optimal design theory, we obtainA-, D- andI-optimal allocations of observations for Becker’s models.     

并购整合:制度理论的视角

并购是当代企业快速发展的扩张方式,而并购整合是并购成功的关键因素。对于并购整合,前人的研究主要聚焦于并购双方的组织内部属性差异,以及在整合过程中所用的整合方法。不同于前人的理论基础,文章通过文献研究,从制度理论的视角出发,分析了并购整合所面临的外部制度,即目标企业所在地的管制、规范和认知制度。文章认为,这些制度对并购整合有着重要的约束作用,因此,主并企业要有效地整合目标企业,除了要注重前人所述的组织内部属性差异,和应用适当的整合手段以外,还要注意目标企业所处的制度环境,应对各种制度的约束,进行有效的整合。     

Personnel and paradigms: four perspectives on the future

This article critically examines the emergent ‘consensus’ functionalist image of personnel management in the 1990s, contrasting it with potential images derived from other paradigmatic perspectives. The utility of the ‘consensus’ image in reinforcing personnel practitioners’ threatened power base is also discussed.     

Qualitative/quantitative integration in the inductive observational study of interactive behaviour: impact of recording and coding among predominating perspectives

A strong dichotomy has traditionally been established between qualitative and quantitative approaches. This question has been the subject of intense debate from a methodological point of view, and in recent years there are clear signs that the conflict is being overcome; nevertheless, we are still some way from a genuine position of complementarity and integration, and the issue remains to be considered in the process of theorization along the tortuous path that leads from the particular to the general. The proposal in this article takes a further step forward as regards this question, this time with respect to the study of interactive behaviour. The key is once again the consideration of a “complete unit” of analysis, but the logic of the observational methodology process enables the perspectives to be sequenced: the study begins with a predominantly qualitative approach before subjecting the data to a given type of recording (through the important support of field formats) and coding (preferably computerized), thus producing a matrix of formally interchangeable data; finally, the criterion is reversed and the study continues under a predominantly quantitative perspective.     

A bridge over troubled water: Replication,integration and extension of the relationship between HRM practices and organizational performance using moderating meta-analysis

Meta-analyses on the relationship between human resource management (HRM) practices, as an aggregate and individually, and organizational performance has yielded mixed results, further fueling the theoretical debate among HRM scholars. To resolve this tension, we conduct a moderating meta-analysis of 89 primary studies to replicate, integrate and extend prior work. Comparing the variance explained by differences in HRM practices versus those explained by contextual and empirical factors indicates that context and research design have a strong influence on the relationship between HRM practices and performance. Despite the voluminous research on this issue, the differences in the relationships of various HRM practices explains only 4% of the variance in performance, whereas, societal context, industry sector and firm size explain 33%, 12% and 8%, respectively. Empirical contingencies including four categories of performance outcomes and four types of participants explain 13% and 9% of the variance in the results, respectively. Thus, our findings provide strong support for the contingency theory. The theoretical and empirical implications for future research in the area are discussed.     

Institutional Change and Projections: A Comment

This comment is in response to Frederic L. Pryor (2000). The Millennium Survey: How Economists View the U.S. Economy in the 21^st Century. The American Journal of Economics and Sociology. 59 (January), pp. 3-33.     

财务研究的制度主义思考

企业财务理论植根于企业理论基础之上。传统财务理论受新古典经济学的影响,主要集中于操作性的技术领域,忽视了对财务制度的研究。新制度经济学认为制度是决定企业效率的关键,因此财务学的研究应从技术操作向结构或制度设计演变,实现技术与制度研究的并举。     

Walras degrees and probability of a blocking coalition at pareto allocations

We attempt to determine the probability of a blocking coalition from a notion of being non- Walrasian which does not rely on the explicit use of norms. The key concept introduced is that of Walras degrees. Theorem 1 gives the bounds of the probability of blocking in terms of these degrees. Theorem 2 gives the asymptotic conditional probability of a blocking coalition given that coalitions are losing. The relationship between the degrees of the conventional norms on allocations is also investigated.