公司治理结构和自愿性信息披露关系的实证研究

本文选取了2002年169家中国上市公司作为研究样本,检验了公司治理结构的四个因素即董事会中独立非执行董事的比例、监事会人数、审计委员会、董事长是否兼任总经理与自愿性信息披露程度的关系。研究结果表明,董事长不兼任总经理的公司。其自愿性信息披露程度就比较高,而其余三个公司治理因素并没有对自愿性信息披露程度产生影响。     

On the Relationship between Voluntary Disclosure,Earnings Smoothing and the Value-Relevance of Earnings: The Case of Switzerland

Abstract

This paper examines whether voluntary disclosure by Swiss firms constrains the use of discretionary accruals to smooth earnings, and explores the effect of voluntary disclosure on the value relevance of earnings. We focus on Swiss firms because Switzerland's financial reporting system provides managers with extensive discretion in corporate disclosure, and there are important variations in the level of information provided in their annual reports. We consider that managers can choose two different ways to voluntarily convey information, either through the quality and quantity of annual report disclosure or, through compliance with International Accounting Standards (IAS)/International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) or US Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP). Relying on a simultaneous equations approach, our results suggest that Swiss firms use discretionary accruals to smooth earnings. However, this relation is reduced for firms that voluntarily disclose more information in their annual report or comply with IAS/IFRS or US GAAP. Moreover, we show that discretionary accruals of high disclosers or of firms voluntarily complying with IAS/IFRS or US GAAP receive a lower valuation weight.     

The Association between Board Composition and Different Types of Voluntary Disclosure

Abstract

This study examines the association between board composition and voluntary disclosure in annual reports. In particular, it addresses the incentives within the agency theory framework for both inside and independent directors to disclosure additional information voluntarily. Further, it provides evidence on the relation between the overall total voluntary disclosure and the components of voluntary disclosure, such as forward looking, strategic, non-financial and historical financial disclosures and board composition. Our sample is based on 181 Australian companies. We have developed and hand-collected 67 items from annual reports to develop the total voluntary disclosure index and the sub-indices of voluntary disclosure. Using two-stage multivariate analyses, our results provide some important insights. First, we find that there is a positive association between board composition and the voluntary disclosure of information in annual reports. Second, we also find that independent boards provide more voluntary disclosure of forward looking information and strategic information. However, board structure has no bearing on the voluntary disclosure of non-financial and historical financial information. Our findings are enhanced by different empirical specifications and sensitivity tests.     

公司特征与自愿性信息披露的实证研究——基于安徽省上市公司的经验数据

采用内容分析的方法,选取2008年安徽省上市公司作为研究样本,使用VDI来测度上市公司的自愿性信息披露水平,实证检验了公司特征与自愿性信息披露的关系。     

浅析设立独立董事需要注意的问题

新《公司法》明确规定上市公司设立独立董事制度,但是在实践中没有明确如何操作,本文就设立独立董事需要注意的问题加以阐述,来完善公司的外部监督,成为有中国特色的公司监督机构。     

上市公司独立董事制度作用机制及其实证研究

本文分析了独立董事的两个关键作用:监督执行和决策,结合我国实际提出了独立董事四个方面的具体作用,并以我国上市公司为样本,对上市公司独立董事作用的发挥,进行了实证研究。最后提出了完善我国独立董事制度的基本思路。     

Voluntary Disclosure in the Annual Reports of New Zealand Companies

New Zealand is currently experiencing a liberal and competitive economic environment which has led to a greater investment interest in corporate securities. Likewise, New Zealand firms are also developing strategies to attract investors, for example, through voluntary disclosure of information. Therefore, the level of information voluntarily disclosed by New Zealand companies is of interest to prospective investors. The purpose of this study is to examine empirically the relationship between five firm-specific characteristics and the general level of accounting information voluntarily disclosed by companies listed on New Zealand Stock Exchange (NZSE). In this study the a priori expectations are based on agency theory. The five firm-specific characteristics examined are: firm size, leverage, assets-in-place, type of auditor, and foreign listing status. The results obtained from cross-sectional regression show that firm size, foreign listing status and leverage are significantly related to the extent of voluntary disclosure. In contrast assets-in-place and type of auditor are not significant explanatory variables. A study of this type would be of particular relevance to accounting policy makers because, inter alia, it helps them in (a) understanding corporate disclosure behaviour, (b) explaining why firms adopt certain disclosure strategies, and (c) developing a coherent and acceptable set of mandatory disclosure requirements.     

Board Effectiveness and the Voluntary Disclosure of Climate Change Information

This paper examines the relationship between board of directors' effectiveness and voluntary climate change disclosures. Since risk management and reporting fall under the board's responsibility, we relate board effectiveness to the firm's decision to voluntarily respond to the Carbon Disclosure Project (CDP) annual questionnaire as well as the quality of disclosures about climate‐change‐related risks and strategies to mitigate them. Our results show a positive association between board effectiveness and the firm's decision to answer the CDP questionnaire as well as its carbon disclosure quality. The paper contributes to the ongoing debate on the determinants of voluntary climate change disclosures. Our findings highlight the importance of the board of directors' role in enhancing the transparency and relevance of voluntary disclosures of climate change business impacts. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd and ERP Environment     

公平和效率为导向的内部控制信息披露方式的转变

自《萨班斯--奥克斯利法案》颁布以来,美国上市公司内部控制信息披露方式由自愿性披露转变为强制性披露。而在2008年我国五部委联合发布的《企业内部控制基本规范》标志着我国上市公司内部控制信息也开始向强制性披露方式转变。论文试图用经济学的公平与效率理论分析内部控制信息由自愿性披露方式转变为强制性披露方式背后的原因,经过分析发现披露方式的转变是促进资本市场效率向保障资本市场公平的转变。     

上市公司独立董事业绩考核探析

独立董事业绩考核指标的确定应包括两部分:一是独立董事个人素质的考核指标;二是独立董事个人工作绩效的考核指标。本文探讨了以百分制为基础的“三维一体”的考核体系,希望通过这种考核体系对我国独立董事的业绩考核有所启示。     

上市公司强制与自愿信息披露的协调利用

目前在我国的证券市场中存在着一定程度的诚信危机,投资者对上市公司信息披露的质量不是很满意,证券市场的发展已经引起了市场参与者的普遍关注,而我国对信息披露的探索主要局限于强制披露,较少涉及自愿披露的内容,因此我国应当吸取国外发达资本市场国家的经验将强制披露和自愿披露看做是互补而非替代的关系,以满足信息使用者的需求。     

信息披露监管:强制披露与自愿披露的协调

从信息是否可观测、可核实的经济特性出发,分析强制性信息披露制度有限性的根源及其与自愿性信息披露制度共存的问题.强制性信息披露制度对披露一些动机不可观测、内容不可核实的信息存在一定的有限性,而自愿性信息披露制度则能很好地对这类信息进行披露,因此两种信息披露制度可以实现一定的共存,使信息披露制度体系从单纯以管制为主转变为激励与管制并重.     

自愿性信息披露的短期价值效应探析

以173家深圳A股上市公司为样本,运用事件研究法和多元回归分析模型,检验了自愿性信息披露的短期价值效应.研究发现:2005年和2006年自愿性信息披露"高组合"的平均累计超额收益率显著高于"低组合",而2007年"高组合"的平均累计超额收益率与"低组合"无显著差异.自愿性信息披露的回归系数显著为正,说明自愿性信息披露具有一定的信息含量,能够对投资者的投资行为产生影响.验证了自愿性披露的短期价值效应.     

Voluntary US GAAP Disclosure in India: The Case of Infosys Technologies Limited

This paper describes the impact of economic liberalisation in India on financial reporting. It explains the role of internationalisation of business on financial reporting by firms. Infosys Technologies Limited, a leading Indian software company with extensive international operations, has recently provided supplementary unaudited US GAAP financial statements in addition to the financial statements required under Indian company law. The paper presents a case study of this company to illustrate the incentives for voluntary non-domestic GAAP financial statements in corporate reports.     

我国实施独立董事制度的困惑

近年来，独立董事制度在我国热了起来，人们对实施独立董事制度寄予厚望。本文对此提出几点质疑。笔者认为，我国的公司治理需要走自己的路，国外的经验可以“借鉴”，但不可以“借用”，不可形似而神不似。独立董事制度应该缓行。     

上市公司自愿性信息披露若干问题研究

随着我国资本市场的发展，自愿性信息披露将呈增长趋势，加强自愿性信息披露的有关问题研究，有利于推动和引导我国自愿性信息披露工作的开展。本文对自愿性信息披露的价值进行分析，总结上市公司自愿性披露的信息类别和主要的影响因素，并对上市公司自是性信息披露中应；主意的问题进行探讨。     

自愿性信息披露的国别差异及其启示

与制度驱动型的强制性信息披露不同,自愿性信息披露属动因激励型的信息披露,即自愿性信息披露是公司在内外一系列因素的激励和影响下作出的。国家不同,其自愿性信息披露的程度也不相同。本文通过对自愿性信息披露国别差异的比较研究,为提高我国自愿性信息披露水平提供几点启示。     

第二大股东、现金分红与公司价值

本文以第二大股东对公司价值的影响为切入点,从现金分红的视角为第二大股东的治理作用提供证据,并选取2007—2017年深沪上市公司作为研究样本。研究表明:第二大股东对公司价值产生显著的正向影响;第二大股东与公司的现金分红显著正相关;第二大股东通过现金分红对公司价值产生显著的正向影响。非控股股东特别是第二大股东应该通过现金分红发挥有效的治理作用。     

The Association of Board Independence and Ownership Concentration with Voluntary Disclosure: A Meta-analysis

In this paper we apply meta-analysis to a sample of 27 empirical studies to clarify the association of board independence and ownership concentration with voluntary disclosure. We examine whether variations in results are attributable to the differences in the corporate governance system, the investor protection rights and the measurement of the governance variables. The findings show that the positive association between board independence and voluntary disclosure only occurs in those countries with high investor protection rights. The findings emphasize the need to consider the legal and institutional setting explicitly when analysing the effect of corporate governance on voluntary disclosure.