产业内贸易的计量

产业内贸易是同一产业内产品同时进口和出口的贸易活动。对产业内贸易计量方法的研究一直是产业内贸易理论研究的重点之一。文章在回顾了传统计量方法的基础上 ,概括和推导出新的计量方法 ,并加以论证 ,进而归纳出当前最优的产业内贸易计量方法。最后 ,结合我国情况予以实证检验 ,并分析我国产业内贸易的实际水平和发展趋势。     

The Post-Promotion Dip Puzzle: What do the Data Have to Say?

One of the puzzles of store-level scanner data is the lack of a dip in quantity sold in the weeks following a promotion. Such a dip is predicted by a consumer inventory model. During a promotion consumers buy more, not only for current consumption, but stockpile for future consumption. The predictions of such a model have been confirmed by household-level data yet seem harder to find in aggregate brand- or category-level data. We re-examine this puzzle and reach two conclusions. First, the effects at the household-level are present, but are much smaller than previously found. Our estimates are different because we control for household heterogeneity in a more general way than most previous work. This suggests that since the effects are small they might be harder to spot in aggregate data. Second, we show that the dip is present in the aggregate data, once we control for additional promotional activity, like feature and display. The latter has an opposing dynamic effect that masks the existence of the post-promotion dip.     

对外贸易对就业影响区域差异的实证分析——基于省级面板数据

利用我国1994～2006年的省级面板数据,从全国和区域两个角度分析对外贸易对就业的影响,证实对外贸易的发展对就业量的增加具有一定的促进作用。从区域来看,东、中、西部的外贸就业效应存在着显著差异,其中出口的就业效应均为正,进口的就业效应在东、中部不显著,但在西部则显著为负并在荬证分析的基础上得出相关的结论和建议。     

加工贸易的就业效应 ——基于行业面板数据的检验

本文利用2001²008年行业动态面板GMM模型检验了中国加工贸易的就业效应,检验结果显示加工贸易的就业效应存在滞后性,不论是当期加工贸易进口还是出口对就业拉动作用并不明显;而分部门的回归结果表明加工贸易的就业效应存在明显的部门差异,劳动密集型部门和资源密集型部门加工贸易发展的就业效应相对比较显著,但是技术密集型部门加工贸易发展对就业的影响非常弱。     

出口贸易对我国能源效率影响实证分析——基于 1995～2009年省际面板数据

通过理论分析并建立实证模型,采用1995～2009年中国省际面板数据进行实证研究,结果表明,出口贸易对非出口部门的直接技术溢出效应对整体能源效率有明显改善作用,其引致的模仿和竞争等间接技术效应对能源效率有一定的抑制作用,人力资本对出口贸易改善能源效率起促进作用。进一步分区域进行研究表明,出口贸易的间接技术效应对能源效率影响上表现出区域差异性。     

反补贴申诉的贸易转移效应——基于面板数据的实证分析

利用1991-2009年的统计数据,以1993-2007年间立案的188起国际反补贴案件6位税则号的涉案产品数据为研究对象,通过建立动态面板数据模型,实证分析反补贴申诉的贸易转移效应。结果表明:反补贴申诉会导致涉案产品的进口从被诉国转移到非被诉国,其中墨西哥、美国、欧盟和其他国家的贸易转移效应较大;相比无税结案,征税结案的情况下产生的贸易转移效应更大,即对被诉国的出口的损害更大。     

大陆台商投资集中地区与台湾贸易之就业效应研究

采用1994-2008年8个省市的面板数据,对大陆台商投资集中地区与台湾贸易的就业效应进行探讨。研究结果表明,大陆台商投资集中地区的对台出口对就业具有显著的正向影响,而自台进口则对其就业具有挤出效应,而且自台进口对就业的挤出效应大于出口对就业的促进效应。另外,台商投资集中地区经济增长对就业有显著的正向影响,而且经济增长的就业效应明显大于对台出口的就业效应。资本产出比对就业产生显著的负向影响,表明在台商投资集中地区存在一定程度资本替代劳动的现象。     

Green productivity and bilateral trade flows in an augmented gravity model – A panel data analysis

Motivated by the debate in the trade liberalization and the environment literature, this article examines the effect of enhancing green productivity (GP) on bilateral trade flows. The uptake of per capita ISO14001 certification counts is used to measure GP. The existing literature provides other key determinants of bilateral trade flows. This article employs an augmented gravity model and presents panel data analysis on 26 countries from 1995–2004. Since GP is closely related to quality management, this article also examines the joint effect of the measure of quality management systems (QMS) and the measure of GP. Several fixed effects regression equations are estimated. The results support the hypothesis that enhancing green productivity is a positive and statistically significant determinant of real bilateral exports. The joint significance of the measures of GP and QMS is also supported. This article lends empirical support for the new trade theory and Linder's hypothesis and is consistent with those obtained in the existing literature.     

利益偏好对中国工业贸易条件的影响

本文在分析一国利益偏好对贸易条件影响机制的基础上,利用2002-2011年中国各工业行业的面板数据,从政治经济学视角探究中国贸易条件恶化的影响及原因。结果表明国家战略主义是我国工业行业贸易条件恶化的首要原因,对生产者利益的偏好大于对消费者利益的偏好是我国工业行业贸易条件恶化的重要原因;代表国家战略利益的利税贡献、影响力系数,代表生产者利益的国企利润、关税税率是解释中国工业贸易条件普遍恶化的显著变量。     

The African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) and export diversification

This paper explores the effect of the African Growth and Opportunity Act (AGOA) on export diversification in Sub-Saharan Africa. The existing empirical studies suggest that AGOA has had a positive effect on the overall volume of trade between Sub-Saharan Africa and the United States. However, the economic development literature emphasizes the importance of export diversification for developing countries; therefore, it is important to understand the effects of AGOA on the extensive margin of trade (i.e. the number of distinct products a country exports). Our empirical results suggest that AGOA does contribute to export diversification, specifically through its apparel provision. Countries that are eligible for the AGOA apparel provision export not only more apparel products, but also more non-apparel products to the USA. Thus, AGOA contributes to export diversification at the extensive margin of trade with the USA.     

贸易对中国环境影响的结构效应和总效应——基于1992-2009年省际面板数据的分析

利用1992-2009年中国省际面板数据,对贸易影响环境的结构效应和总效应进行实证分析,考察贸易对中国环境产生的影响是来自贸易自身的结构因素,还是来自贸易所引起的其他经济因素变化.结果显示:除工业固体废弃物外,贸易的结构效应和总效应均提高了污染物的排放量;不同地区贸易—环境结构效应的比较分析结果显示,相对收入较低地区贸易对环境影响的结构效应亦较小,贸易—环境结构效应较大的地区相对收入均较高.     

中国纺织服装产业内贸易现状及决定因素实证研究——基于2002～2010年面板数据的分析

本文从静态和动态角度考察了2002～2010年中国纺织服装业总体、水平型和垂直型产业内贸易现状及其决定因素.实证结果表明:中国纺织服装总体产业内贸易发展缓慢,水平不高,仍以产业间贸易为主;各子产品产业内贸易水平高低不一,以垂直型产业内贸易为主导.经济规模、人均收入水平与我国产业内贸易尤其是水平型产业内贸易呈正相关,且有显著增强趋势;人均收入差异对我国纺织服装VIIT起到正向作用,且影响显著;地理距离对中国纺织服装TIIT、HIIT和VIIT起到了较显著负面影响;人民币汇率变动与中国纺织服装TIIT、HIIT和VIIT正相关,且影响程度有增强趋势;贸易不平衡与我国TIIT、HIIT和VIIT显著负相关,且影响程度有增强趋势.贸易开放度对我国纺织服装TIIT、HIIT和VIIT的影响不显著.     

论内向型FDI与国际贸易的关系——中国作为东道国的面板数据分析

本文运用固定影响变截距模型,采用1992-2004年我国作为东道国,香港特区、韩国、日本、美国、我国台湾地区、新加坡和德国等七个对中国直接投资最多的国家或地区的面板数据,对我国内向型FDI与国际贸易的关系进行了实证研究。研究结果表明,我国的内向型FDI与国际贸易之间具有显著的互补性,而且内向型FDI对我国的出口具有正的滞后效应。     

伙伴国贸易便利化对中国出口的影响——基于跨国实证研究

中国与伙伴国之间的传统关税与非关税壁垒逐渐降到相对较低水平,贸易便利化水平在中国对外贸易发展中愈显重要。运用2009—2019年中国116个贸易伙伴国的跨国面板数据,从硬件基础设施和软性基础设施两个方面,实证分析了伙伴国贸易便利化水平对中国出口的影响。研究发现:在硬件方面,伙伴国交通和通信基础设施对中国出口均有较强促进作用,发展中国家硬件基础设施对中国出口的促进作用强于发达国家。在软性基础设施方面,海关环境对中国出口有正向促进作用,规则环境对中国出口的影响较弱;发展中国家软性基础设施对中国出口的影响也大于发达国家。     

Bilateral trade effects of fiscal devaluation: Evidence from OECD countries

This paper empirically examines the effects of a fiscal devaluation on bilateral trade. To this end, employers’ social contribution (ESC) and value-added tax (VAT), which stand as the factors that represent typical fiscal devaluation, are embodied within the framework of a gravity model. Fixed effects vector decomposition (FEVD) technique is applied to the empirical models specified within this framework, employing panel data from 22 OECD countries over the 1980–2014 periods. The findings show that the effectiveness of the fiscal devaluation policy seems to alter with respect to how ESC and VAT are measured. Considering the fiscal devaluation policy implemented unilaterally, the policy turns out to be effective in nine countries in the sample.