财务报告舞弊行政处罚与可感知审计质量

以2001年至2008年间非金融类、非外资类正常交易A股公司为研究样本,考察财务报告舞弊行政处罚是否传递了可感知审计质量信息,实证研究结果表明:投资者总体上并不认可财务报告舞弊行政处罚传递了可感知审计质量信息,仅当投资者观察到反映坏消息的审计意见(如审计师出具非标审计意见、审计意见未改善等)和反映审计师声誉信息(如审计师受到行政处罚)的情况下,投资者才认为财务报告舞弊行政处罚传递了可感知审计质量信息。     

审计精神的哲学审视、教育逻辑与现实关切

中国特色的审计精神源于党领导下的审计实践,具有鲜明的辩证特性与丰富的内涵意蕴。为了满足审计人员的精神需求,审计精神教育需要开展必要的精神生产与精神交往活动,实现个体层面的审计精神内化以及整体层面的审计精神传承。审计精神教育需要彰显政治属性、加强文化认同、融合时代要素,推进知识体系构建、集体记忆塑造、共同体意识构筑,从而将意识形态注入受教育者的价值体系。当前的审计精神教育工作无法全面满足审计人员的精神生活需要,应当通过加强审计精神教育理论研究、提升审计精神教育能力、引导审计精神需求观念等方式来化解教育实践中的主要矛盾。     

Does audit report information improve financial distress prediction over Altman's traditional Z‐Score model?

We analyze empirically the usefulness of combining accounting and auditing data in order to predict corporate financial distress. Concretely, we examine whether audit report information incrementally predicts distress over a traditional accounting model: the Altman's Z‐Score model. Although the audit report seems to play a critical part in financial distress prediction because auditors should warn investors about any default risks, this is the first study that uses audit report disclosures for predicting purposes. From a dataset of 1,821 Spanish distressed private firms, we analyze a sample of distressed and non‐distressed firms and develop logit prediction models. Our results show that while the only accounting model registers a classification accuracy of 77%, combined models of accounting and auditing data exhibit considerably higher accuracy (about 87%). Specifically, our findings indicate that the number of disclosures included in the audit report, as well as disclosures related to a firm's going concern status, firms’ assets, and firms’ recognition of revenues and expenses contribute the most to the prediction. Our empirical evidence has implications for financial distress practice. For managers, our study highlights the importance of audit report disclosures for anticipating a financial distress situation. For regulators and auditors, our study underscores the importance of recent changes in regulation worldwide intended to increase auditor's transparency through a more informative audit report.     

Market Implications of the Audit Quality and Auditor Switches: Evidence from China

Independent audits enhance the credibility of corporate financial reports and assist investors to make rational decisions in the capital market. Nonetheless, the utility of the auditing function depends upon the quality of audits, which is determined by the independence and expertise of auditors. Hence, auditor choice and switch will not only affect an audit's quality, but will also influence decisions made by investors and other market participants. The purpose of this paper is to investigate how investors respond to the quality of audits and auditor switches in the Chinese context. Empirical results show that the quality of an audit and switching to a larger auditor have a positive (negative) impact on earnings response coefficients (ERCs) for firms with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. In contrast, switching to a smaller auditor has a negative (positive) impact on ERCs for firms with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. These results suggest that large auditing firms (Top 10) in China are perceived as more effective for curbing income-increased earnings management, which leads to higher (lower) ERCs for clients with positive (negative) abnormal earnings. Firms' switching to a larger auditor may signal high-quality earnings. Therefore, investors more often increase stock prices when firms have positive abnormal earnings and less often depreciate prices for negative abnormal earnings. Similarly, switching to a smaller auditor may signal lower earning quality, resulting in opposite market responses. In general, the empirical evidence suggests that audit information is valued by the capital market in China. Large auditing firms have been able to product-differentiate themselves within the Chinese stock market.     

审计师强制轮换的利弊分析与抉择

审计师强制轮换具有双重性,关键是利大于弊还是弊大于利。本文认为,不能期望通过审计师强制轮换解决审计工作的全部问题,其影响的实际结果还要经过经验的积累和实践的探索。因此,应加强审计师的职业道德教育和诚信教育,规范收费标准和审计师的报告行为,强化上市公司财务的披露义务,加强审计师强制轮换的制度设计等,以使审计师强制轮换尽可能发挥扬长避短的效果,更好地发挥审计师的鉴证作用,提升资本市场信息披露质量。     

Competitive Procurement of Auditing Services with Limited Information

We analyse the auditing procurement process when the client is initially uncertain about her/her auditing needs and when she/he cannot discern the level of assurance provided by the auditor. The client's limited information can lead to under-auditing and substantial rent for auditors, despite the presence of ex ante competition among auditors. The information asymmetry can also make it difficult for new auditors with superior auditing technologies to displace incumbent auditors. In addition, the asymmetry can limit the incentives of auditors to improve their technologies.     

投资者认知、审计质量与公司价值

投资者认知是决定市场资源配置的重要因素,认知水平越高,公司价值越大。审计作为一种降低信息不对称的制度安排,能够影响公司信息传递,进而正向调节认知效应;审计还具有缓解代理冲突的功能,而代理成本与审计质量存在对应关系,因此审计质量也体现为对认知效应的负向调节。我国股市目前主要体现为后一种情况,表明审计提升公司价值的主要路径是缓解公司的代理冲突,公司对高质量审计的需求动机远比满足投资者信息需求的动机更为强烈。聘用大型事务所能够向市场投资者传递积极信号,对认知提升公司价值的效应有正向调节作用。审计模式选择需要考虑公司的信息传递特征,并与投资者对公司的认知水平相契合。     

计算机辅助审计技术在银行内部审计中的应用

随着计算机技术的迅猛发展和广泛应用,现代内部审计需要有与之相适应的技术手段。信息技术对内部审计师来说曾经是“能懂最好”,现在则已成为其基本要求。计算机辅助审计技术是一个受审计人员控制的专用计算机程序,可用于测试或分析计算机文档中的数据,其使用目的是为了更好地实现审计目标。本文阐述了计算机辅助审计技术产生的背景、定义和功能,重点分析了其在银行内部审计非现场及现场审计中的应用和效果,探讨了使审计人员熟练掌握该技术的途径。     

顺从还是懈怠？中注协约谈与执业质量检查的叠加监管压力研究

基于压力理论和制度理论,以2014—2018年沪深A股非金融类上市公司为研究对象,探究中注协约谈与执业质量检查的叠加监管压力对审计质量的影响。实证结果表明,在中注协约谈与执业质量检查的叠加监管压力下,审计师显著提升了审计质量。进一步研究发现,行业叠加监管压力对审计质量的提升作用只在当面约谈、签字注册会计师同性别、签字注册会计师平均执业年限较长、签字注册会计师年平均客户数量较少时才明显;行业叠加监管压力与法律监管压力之间存在着替代作用;在面对行业叠加监管压力时,审计师也收取了一定的溢价。研究结论能够明晰审计师面临行业叠加监管压力时的行为表现,也对证券审计市场行业自律性监管具有借鉴意义。     

社会责任信息披露框架研究——基于利益相关者理论的探讨

企业在实现自身价值最大化的同时,还应承担对投资者、债权人、员工、政府相关部门等的社会责任。企业利益相关者,如投资者、债权人、员工、政府相关部门等,都呼吁作为社会经济实体的企业能够披露更加有用的社会责任信息,以实现对企业社会责任履行情况的合理监督与评价。本文从利益相关者理论为出发点,根据具体利益相关者的不同需求,提出企业社会责任信息披露的内容框架。     

风险导向审计模式研究

风险导向审计,已经成为未来审计模式的一种趋势。文中首先对风险导向审计模式内涵的进行了较深入的阐述,并详细分析了其产生的原因和必然性;最后指出我国实施风险导向审计模式。这是审计从业人员所要关注的问题。     

Autonomous bureaucrats in independent bureaucracies? Loyalty perceptions within supreme audit institutions

The independence of Supreme Audit Institutions (SAIs) is essential to their effectiveness, yet the actual autonomy of SAIs auditors can be questioned. To whom do SAI officials owe their loyalty? To what extent are their loyalty perceptions reflected in their auditing reports? Our comparative study triangulates interviews, direct observations, and documents and, based on Q methodology, constructs four types of SAI officials who disavow traditional loyalties to political appointees or external stakeholders but abide to Constitutional and professional rules as well as to their respective audit institutions. Loyalty perceptions reflect SAIs’ associational contexts and are related to different work outcomes.     

会计师事务所的行业专门化投资与审计定价——以我国首次公开发行证券的审计市场为视角

通过对2001年—2009年中国首次公开发行证券的审计相关数据进行模型检验后发现,在中国首次公开发行证券的审计中,行业专门化的审计师通过实施差异化的竞争战略获取审计收费溢价,进而获得超额利润,行业专门化的发展道路可以成为会计师事务所行之有效的一种竞争战略。     

内部审计独立性国际比较研究

独立性是审计的灵魂和本质,是保证内部审计人员客观公正地从事审计活动的先决条件。但由于各国政治、经济、法律、文化等方面的差异,其对内部审计独立性的理解和要求不尽相同。本文结合中外内部审计准则中的有关规定,对内部审计独立性进行了比较分析。     

非国有大股东影响国企审计师选择吗？

以1999—2016年A股国有上市公司为研究样本,检验了非国有大股东对国企审计师选择的影响,研究发现,非国有大股东降低了国企选择本地小所的概率,发挥了治理效应;非国有大股东相对力量越强,其治理效应发挥得越充分,对国企选择本地小所的抑制作用越明显;此外,非国有大股东对审计师选择的影响在地方国企和竞争性国企中体现得更加明显。进一步研究发现,非国有大股东提升了公司的审计质量。     

政府审计信息公开基本理论问题研究：涵义与分类

政府审计信息公开是腐败治理的重要途径。政府审计信息是审计机关控制的并反映所有政府审计关系人各种审计行为信息的总称。政府审计行为是最重要的政府审计信息对象。政府审计信息可以根据行为主体、行为发生逻辑、行为性质、行为对象、行为发生时间进行分类。目前在信息公开实践中,政府审计信息边界模糊、体系不完整,影响了政府审计信息公开作用的发挥,因此需要准确把握政府审计信息的边界,建立科学审计信息内容体系,优化审计信息公开的内容结构。     

关于内部控制判断一致性和内部控制可靠性模拟的文献综述

西方国家从20世纪60年代就开始研究审计人员对内部控制判断是否具有一致性及能否用数学方法来描述内部控制状态这两个问题，本文对这些研究文献进行综述，综述的重点在于研究的具体问题、研究方法及研究结论。     

Audit Services and Fees of Large Accounting Firms

In the audit literature, it was postulated that audit firms are differentiated due to their quality and, thus, the fees charged are a function of quality. We hypothesize that this may lead to audit firm specialization in different amounts of auditing, leading to a differential audit fee structure. This hypothesis is empirically tested by using a very large sample of audit fees paid to then Big Eight auditors. The results are consistent with the hypothesis in that three Big Eight auditors are observed to charge significantly different fees when compared with the other firms.     

从达尔曼看如何保障审计的真实性

本文联系上市公司“达尔曼”因财务造假最终退市,分别从审计的追求目标、审计独立性的制度设计以及改进审计行业管理三个方面论述了如何保障审计的真实性。认为审计应当追求结果真实,在注册会计师的选聘上应引进独立审计代理委托人以真正解决独立性,并且要切实有效加强行业管理,以避免注册会计师在审计中的机会主义行为。     

论近代中国独立型审计制度及其历史启示

审计独立是近代中国审计立法和审计制度构建的主要原则,但近代中国的审计制度并未真正实现独立。清末新政筹设独立审计机关是为牵制内阁、巩固皇权;民国北京政府时期的审计处隶属于行政机关,此后的审计院为大总统控制,皆非独立;国民政府时期,审计的独立性有所加强,但在国民党独裁专政之下,审计机关的独立性相对有限。近代中国独立型审计制度及其实践表明,审计制度效能的发挥需要良好政治体制的支撑以及完备财政制度的配合,应赋予审计机关强有力的监督手段,并给予审计人员以特殊的职务保障。