农民专业合作社规模经济与适宜社员规模研究——以山西省为例

采用超越对数成本函数模型及确定时点SUR法,对山西省15个县市70家果蔬农民专业合作社调研分析,以资产规模小于(大于)200万元为准,将筛选出的44家合作社分成两组,分别计算其规模经济和适宜社员人数。结论为:资产规模小于200万元的合作社总体上不具有规模经济,资产规模大于200万元的合作社具有轻微规模经济。资产规模小于200万和大于200万元的合作社适宜社员人数分别为66～113人和157～176人。     

城市群集中与城市群经济增长

文章以拓展的市场区理论为基础,从理论上分析了城市群集中与城市群经济增长之间的关系,并利用中国十一大城市群2000-2014年的面板数据进行实证检验。理论分析结果表明,在城市群集中过程中,城市群有效产出并不会无限增加,最终趋于平稳的增长状态;而且随着城市群规模经济的增加和潜在市场规模扩大,城市群集中度先提高,然后又会出现下降的现象。实证分析表明,中国城市群集中与有效产出增长之间表现为非线性关系,并表现出一定的稳健性。未来中国城市群发展要遵照城市群发展规律。     

基于规模化下的第三方物流企业效率改进

规模经营使得第三方物流企业的平均单位经营成本大大降低,企业的竞争优势得到加强,企业的核心竞争力提高。第三方物流企业走规模化发展的道路将是客户企业的需求和企业自身发展的一种必然趋势,以此促进第三方物流企业效率改进的实现。     

中国商业银行规模经济实证分析——基于超越对数成本函数法

商业银行成本结构、规模经济的研究,是世界上商业银行研究的一个重要研究领域,国外有关的研究文献很多,而中国国内的这方面的研究才刚刚开始,相关的研究还很滞后。本文在前人研究的基础上,采用生产法确定银行的产出,利用超越对数成本函数法,选取14家中国商业银行(包括4家国有商业银行、10家股份制商业银行)1999-2003年的数据,对中国银行业的规模经济进行了实证检验,得出了区别于其他学者的一些结论,并指出了今后银行规模经济研究的主要方向。     

Formal and informal sectors: is there any wage differential?

ABSTRACT

The main objective of this paper is to investigate if a wage difference exists between formal and informal sectors in the case of the Turkish labour market using a sample of wageworkers. To this end, we use data for 2004 and 2009 and a novel definition of the informal sector. On the methodological front, we adopt three alternative decomposition techniques, namely, the Oaxaca-Ransom [(1994). On discrimination and the decomposition of wage differentials. Journal of Econometrics, 61, 5–21] decomposition in the context of mean regression, the Machado and Mata [(2005). Counterfactual decomposition of changes in wage distributions using quantile regression. Journal of Applied Econometrics, 20(4), 445–465] decomposition in the quantile regression framework and the non-parametric decomposition method proposed by Nopo [(2008). Matching as a tool to decompose wage gap. The Review of Economics and Statistics, 90(2), 290–299]. The results reveal the existence of a wage gap between the two sectors. We found education and experience to be key determinants of earnings. The findings of this paper have implications for policies, which might be directed towards developing approaches with a focus on education and experience.     

我国对外贸易模式分析

文章主要针对我国的对外贸易模式进行具体的计算和分析。计算结果显示 ,我国从事着较大规模的产业内贸易 ,但实际上我国对外贸易活动仍然以比较优势为基础。我国欲获取产业内贸易更大的贸易利益 ,尚须进一步提高生产力水平。     

转型期我国产业组织政策的选择

本文首先对国内外产业组织理论的研究进展与实际状况作了总的概括,然后从产业组织角度分析了我国市场结构分散化和市场绩效差的主要原因,最后在比较分析的基础上,提出了我国产业组织政策取向的几点建议.     

水平型与垂直型产业内贸易区分研究

产业内贸易的研究从20世纪后期开始,主要集中在水平型与垂直型产业内贸易的区分研究上。理论研究认为,规模经济和不完全竞争是解释水平型产业内贸易的基础,而比较优势与完全竞争则可以解释垂直型产业内贸易。经验研究基本上证实了垂直型产业内贸易的相对重要性以及比较优势的基础作用。     

Gross national accumulation

Low birth rates, longevity, family disintegration, and other factors have reduced the size of the average household. At the same time household size is shrinking, new housing offers twice the floor space per occupant of old housing. Small households are inefficient users of space, utilities, furniture, and equipment. As these factors converge, the result is over consumption of durables and vast stockpiles of possessions just awaiting disposal when the baby boom generation passes on. The rightful heirs to these possessions are themselves accumulators, and will most likely have little use for what is left to them. What does the future hold for consumption, savings, and demand for housing? Booming flea markets, bigger homes as warehouses, a decline in consumption, or an epidemic of display and collection? Public policies have limited leverage on private behavior.     

Accounting Quality in Eastern Europe after Communism

Research Question/Issue: This study, in the taxonomy of Schiehll and Martins (2016 Schiehll, E. and H. C. Martins. 2016. Cross-national governance research: A systematic review and assessment. Corporate Governance: An International Review 24 (3):181–99. doi:10.1111/corg.12158.[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), examines cross-national corporate governance, within their “legal” category. It rests on the understanding that to fully grasp corporate governance it is essential to understand the embedded institutions. The research question is: Does an increase in legal quality cause an associated increase in the quality of corporate governance in the form of financial reports to investors? If so, this supports the fundamental importance of legal systems to earnings quality. Reliable evidence on whether there is an association between legal quality and financial reporting quality would be an empirical association showing that where legal quality is higher, earnings quality is also higher, and conversely.

Research Findings/Insights: The results show clearly that in 2005 and 2010, when adequate data are available for testing, earnings quality is poor: far more companies show small gains than small losses. A great deal of managerial discretion is exercised in arriving at accounting figures, since many amounts depend on forecasts of future events. A significant number of firms use that latitude to show positive earnings. As to patterns of earnings management among three clusters of countries, the small number of firms generally precludes strong statistically supported evidence of management within the clusters. Nevertheless, the whole is the sum of the parts, and the parts (clusters) indicate the clusters most responsible for the overall result. There is little evidence of small gains exceeding small losses in the Baltics, greater differences in the Visegrád countries, and big differences in southern Europe.

Theoretical/Academic Implications: Based on both (a) the historical background of legal systems and (b) attitudes concerning legal quality measured at the same time as the earnings measures, the accounting results are consistent with the prediction of a strong legal culture driving effective corporate governance.

Practitioner/Policy Implications: The results show that eastern firms, on aggregate, have yet to reach the level of their western counterparts. However, the differences do not seem highly significant, and indicate that convergence is close in this area. This, in turn, should guide and encourage legislators in their work.     

21世纪我国产业经济的物流式管理研究

产业的竞争能力如何是衡量一个国家竞争力水平的重要标志,是一国能否以较小代价在世界市场取得有力竞争地位的重要前提。而产业竞争能力形成的基础是产业集聚,没有相当规模的产业集聚,要形成产业竞争能力是非常困难的,但目前我国的产业集聚还远远没有达到应有的规模,产业的竞争能力同发达国家相比还有比较大的差距。本文从产业集聚的概念及对经济的积极效应出发,结合我国实际情况,提出了一些有关这个问题的想法,希望能够对政府部门的决策有所帮助。     

竞争优势视角下的少数民族产业规模化构建——以宁夏清真食品和穆斯林用品产业为例

传统的比较优势理论已经难以指导少数民族产业的规模化发展,在竞争优势的视角下,依据钻石模型分析宁夏清真食品和穆斯林用品产业的竞争态势,提出了选择外部规模经济带动内部规模经济,跨越式发展下的逆序路径,以政策推进为先导,外部资源整合为途径,打造产品集散区为目标,分层次的市场为导向等对策建议。     

How are institutional capabilities transferred across borders?

We develop the idea that an emerging economy firm can develop institutional capabilities at home that can be transferred to institutionally proximate emerging economies. Drawing upon the organizational capabilities, internationalization process, and institutional work literatures, we define institutional capabilities as heuristics, skills, and routines that facilitate the execution of institutional strategies in host countries. Since institutional capabilities gestate over a long period of time, we narrate a longitudinal case study of a property developer operating at the blurred boundaries between state and private enterprise in two Southeast Asian countries.     

WTO's Anti-dumping Rule and the Protection of Incumbents

Article VI of the GATT allows counter measures if goods are sold in a foreign market at a price below average production plus transportation costs. The present article analyses Article VI based on a simple game theoretic model with two countries and economies of scale in the production of one homogeneous good. It is shown that multiple equilibria exist under the WTO rule for some parameter values that do not exist without the rule. In some equilibria, the incumbent serves the entire market even if the entrant can produce at lower costs. The model supports the criticism of the anti-dumping rule as an instrument of protection by industrialized countries against competition from developing countries.     

我国银行业2002～2011年的成本效率、规模经济与技术进步

本文利用一个三种投入一三种产出的傅立叶弹性成本函数检验我国银行业在2002～2011年的成本效率、规模经济与技术进步。实证分析表明,尽管金融市场化改革使我国银行业的非效率在样本期间呈下降趋势．但仍存在比较显著的非效率问题。分析结果也表明所有类型的商业银行在样本期内都存在显著规模经济和技术进步。     

产业自然垄断与政府产业管制

作为政府产业管制理论基础之一的自然垄断理论,曾受到以有限理性约束为底蕴的规制俘虏理论、规制经济理论、公共选择理论等的批评.本文认为,这些批评在围绕政府选择行为展开的同时,涉及到了政府有限理性的约束问题.针对自然垄断现象以及与此相对应的理论,文章概要评说了自然垄断理论之于政府产业管制的理论基础,在考察自然垄断与产业管制相互关系的基础上,对政府选择行为的属性问题作出了理解,并重点分析了政府对自然垄断产业进行产业管制时所蕴含的有限理性约束.     

基于规模经济的产业内国际贸易研究

随着世界各国国际贸易的发展,基于规模经济的产业内贸易已成为当今国际贸易的主要形式。为此,必须对我国产业内贸易进行理论研究,分析我国产业内贸易现状,结合我国实际从国际经济视角,制定出促进我国产业内贸易发展的对策。     

中国商业成本文化变革趋势

纵观社会主义市场经济体制改革目标确立以来的中国商业史,成本导向是重要的商业文化主题.低成本战略是二十年来我国大多数企业的选择.本文通过对我国企业二十年来的发展史进行研究,发现我国企业在成本控制观念上表现出了六大趋势,即从规模经济到精益生产,从避险求利到范围经济,从生产成本到寿命周期成本,从查错防弊到内控审计,从生成成本到倒逼成本,从成本节约到战略成本管理.