中国经济开放度与经济增长关系的实证分析

改革开放以来,中国对外贸易迅速发展,吸收FDI以及对外直接投资规模不断扩大,国民经济长期保持高速增长。通过贸易开放度和投资开放度两个指标测算中国的经济开放度,并在此基础上运用VAR模型和冲击反应模型对中国经济开放度与经济增长之间的关系进行经验检验。结果表明,贸易开放度和投资开放度对中国经济增长的作用存在较大的差异。进一步的动态研究发现,在不同的发展阶段,经济开放度对中国经济增长的冲击作用也存在较大的差异。     

贸易开放度与经济增长研究进展述评

文章以贸易开放度度量指标的构建方式将贸易开放度的度量方法分为指标体系法和模型构建法进行阐述,并对每类方法存在的问题进行了评论;尽管贸易开放度与经济增长的关系在理论上有较为一致的观点.但是在实证研究方面却出现了不一致的结论,文章就实证研究结论不一致的原因进行了分析与评论.     

Robustness of the KOF index of economic globalisation

The KOF indices of globalisation are the most used globalisation measures in international economics literature, but it uses the nominal trade openness measure to construct the globalisation index. In this paper, we use real trade openness instead of nominal trade openness and recalculate the KOF economic globalisation index over the period 1970–2013. Using the panel data regressions for 146 countries, we revisit the economic globalisation–economic growth nexus to investigate the robustness of the KOF economic globalisation index. We consider several possibilities in model specifications, and the results show that using nominal trade openness measure in calculating the KOF globalisation index is statistically robust. In addition, the KOF economic globalisation index in logarithmic form introduces a more robust outlook in the panel data regressions—a lower bias is emerged by considering different trade openness measures to calculate the globalisation level.     

The interest group theory of financial development in China: Openness and the role of interest groups

The interest group theory of financial development predicts that the incumbents' opposition to financial development will be weaker when an economy is open to both trade and capital flows. Based on regressions of financial development on trade and financial openness, existing studies only provide indirect tests of the hypothesis and deliver mixed findings. This paper proposes models for direct tests of interest group theory for China. Using Chinese cross-province data, we define and measure interest groups based on the close tie between state-owned enterprises and local government in China. The empirical results show that the opposition from interest groups to financial development cannot be weakened in provinces with high trade or financial openness alone. However, the opposition is indeed weakened in provinces with high levels of both trade and financial openness. These results provide robust support for interest group theory in accounting for cross-province differences and time-series variation in financial development in China.     

Does economic globalisation affect income inequality? A meta-analysis

A large volume of econometric literature has studied the impact of economic globalisation on income inequality around the world. However, reported econometric estimates vary substantially, which makes it difficult to draw valid conclusions. This paper presents a quantitative summary and analysis of existing estimates regarding the globalisation–inequality relationship. We use a new data set consisting of 1,254 observations from 123 primary studies. By applying meta-analysis and meta-regression methods, we obtain several main findings. First, globalisation has a (small-to-moderate) inequality-increasing effect. Second, while the effect of trade globalisation is small, financial globalisation shows a more sizeable and significantly stronger inequality-increasing impact. Third, we find an average inequality-increasing impact of globalisation in both advanced and developing countries. Fourth, education and technology moderate the impact of globalisation on income inequality.     

基于金融发展视角下的FDI与经济增长研究综述

众多的决策者与学者相信外商直接投资（FDI）有利于促进东道国的经济增长。但是实证研究结果却表明,FDI的经济增长效应在许多发展中国家却并不明确,主要原因在于FDI效应受到东道国自身环境和条件（即吸收能力）的制约。东道国的金融发展主要通过人力资本效应、技术创新效应、产业关联效应以及市场环境优化效应等机制对FDI与经济增长的关系产生影响。金融发展已经成为东道国FDI效应有效发挥的核心要素。也是未来FDI研究的一个重要的新方向。     

基于国际经验的金融发展制度因素研究

在经济学研究领域,金融发展对经济运行的积极影响已经取得了广泛的共识,进一步的理论和实证研究是寻找金融发展的决定因素。20世纪90年代以来的大量研究发现,各种正式和非正式制度对金融发展都是重要的,而增强外部投资者法律保护,建立严格的产权制度,扩大开放、增强竞争以削弱既得利益集团的利益等能够促进金融业发展,另外土地分配等政策也对金融发展产生重要影响。     

贸易结构与经济增长：基于1982－2011年时间序列数据的分析

本文构建了以工业制成品和初级品出口的相对比重衡量的贸易结构指标,通过格兰杰因果关系检验和协整回归分析,发现我国贸易结构和经济增长间存在正相关的单向因果关系,贸易结构每提高1个单位,实际GDP增长率提高0.01个单位,而经济增长对贸易结构的影响没有得到实证支持。因此,我国应加快贸易增长方式转变,逐步调整和优化贸易结构,进一步提高出口产品的技术含量和附件值。     

Effect of financial development on international trade in Africa: Does measure of finance matter?

Although improving international trade on the back of financial sector development is one of the preoccupations of countries in Africa, empirical literature on financial development-trade nexus has not been rigorous in examining how finance shapes trade. In this study, we examine the effect of financial development on international trade in Africa relying on data for 46 countries over the period 1980–2015. Results from our system generalized method of moments reveal differential effects of finance on trade. In particular, we notice that, private credit does not promote trade while domestic credit positively affects trade. These effects are robust to measures of trade. Thus, improving the level of private (domestic) credit dampens (amplifies) exports and trade openness. However, we also find a U-shaped relationship between private credit and trade measures suggesting that financial sector development may be detrimental (helpful) to trade for economies with low (high) level of private credit.     

贸易开放视角下的地区税收竞争与经济增长--来自中国的经验证据

经济全球化的深入使得一国之内税收竞争的增长效应更多地受制于对外开放因素的影响。本文基于2000－2013年中国29个省（市）的面板数据,旨在从贸易开放的视角实证考察税收竞争对经济增长的影响及作用机制。两阶段最小二乘法（2 SLS ）的研究结果表明,在影响区域经济增长方面,贸易开放与地区间税收竞争存在一定程度的策略替代性;面板门限模型（ PTR）的运用,发现不同区域贸易开放度存在较大差异,从而形成税收竞争增长的类“N”效应。在考虑到贸易开放度区域异质的情形下,地区税收竞争依旧是促进区域经济增长的重要政策工具,注重税收竞争对政策工具的“精准”投放。     

经济增长对金融发展的影响机理研究——基于县域数据的实证分析

金融发展是经济增长的内生要素,但经济如何反作用于金融的研究鲜有所见。通过构建多元回归模型,利用中国县域经济金融数据进行实证分析,结果显示:经济规模、产业结构、城镇化水平、金融生态以及金融集聚程度等是影响金融发展水平的重要因素;不同区域的哑元变量分析则进一步表明,地域经济增长的扩散回流效应和区域发展政策安排对金融发展的传导有一定的差异;同时,微观金融主体也受自身经营规模、效率和管理水平的影响。