国家审计中证据规则探析

由于审计机关对被审单位的财政财务收支的真实、合法和效益进行审查评价必须依赖于所取得的审计证据进行,因此,国家审计中的证据制度是对审计机关作出行政行为最为关键和重要的制约因素之一。审计过程中取得的证据,它既是审计机关出具审计报告、做出审计结论等具体行政行为的依据,也是审计机关面对可能出现的行政复议和行政诉讼的依据。因而,对国家审计中证据制度的探讨也有其深远的现实意义。     

Currency depreciation effects on ADR returns: evidence from Latin America

We use seemingly unrelated regressions (SUR) and multivariate regression models (MVRM) in a panel sample of 74 American depository receipts (ADR) programs from Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Mexico during the period May 1994 to May 2009 to analyze the behavior of ADR returns during the 300-day period surrounding the currency crises breakdown in the originator??s country. Controlling for the underlying stock and local and host country equity indices, we find that ADRs generate significant negative abnormal returns during currency crises, due to translation exposure. Abnormal returns remain statistically significant even in crises triggered by currency depreciations as small as 3.6%. The results persist after including exchange rate returns as a control variable and after an orthogonalization procedure of exchange rate against local country indices. In agreement with ADR literature, our results show that ADR prices are determined primarily by the underlying stock, exchange rates, and host country index, in that order. Moreover, we observe how market integration has become evident in more recent times as the coefficients for the U.S. stock market have increased its contribution to ADR price discovery.     

论内部审计对我国国家审计的借鉴意义

近几十年来,内部审计发展迅速.国际内部审计界在理论上取得了许多富于价值的研究成果,同时在实务上也总结出一些行之有效的做法,使得内部审计在规范组织行为、提高组织经营效率和效果方面发挥了重要的作用.目前,内部审计已成为单位内部管理中不可或缺的组成部分,其重要作用已在世界范围内得到认可.     

The implications of athlete freedom to contract: lessons from North America

The 1995 Bosman judgement by the European Court of Justice granted professional athletes in Europe inter-country freedom to contract and eased foreign-player restrictions. Based on two decades of free-agency experience in North America, we expect to see salaries of European players rise substantially, top players earn more while marginal players earn less, and players absorb more of their training costs. Ticket prices and competitive balance will be unaffected. Clubs and leagues will be likely to attempt to control player costs by instituting schemes such as payroll caps and increased revenue sharing.     

Labor productivity and vocational training: evidence from Europe

In this paper we show that vocational training is an important determinant of productivity growth. We construct a multy-country, multi-sectoral dataset, and quantify empirically to what extent vocational training has contributed to increase the growth rate of labor productivity in Europe between 1999 and 2005. We find that one extra hour of training per employee accelerates the rate of productivity growth by around 0.55 % points.     

论国家审计工作的专家支持系统

<审计署2003至2007年审计工作发展规划>提出,五年规划期间要"着力加强三项基础工作",其中有一项就是,"实行科学的审计管理,整合审计资源,促进提高审计工作层次和水平.     

Economic freedom and public,non-market institutions: evidence from criminal prosecution

Economic freedom, which measures the protection of property and freedom to contract, is generally argued to capture the quality of a state’s institutions regarding market activity. As to be expected, numerous studies have found that economic freedom is associated with good economic outcomes. Additionally, much effort in public economics has worked to identify the features of quality non-market public institutions. No effort has been made to connect institutions that influence market activity and institutions that govern non-market activities. We take a first step. We employ a linear programming method for measuring relative efficiencies known as Data Envelopment Analysis. We apply this technique to information on the use of inputs to the production of the prosecution of crime across the thousands of local prosecutor offices in the U.S. We then compare state-level measurements of prosecution productivity with data on state-level economic freedom from the Economic Freedom of North America index. We show that there is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the two. Those states that develop institutions respecting economic freedom also tend to be the states that develop efficient publicly-provided services. The results are extended to complementary economic freedom measurements.     

审计机关应对WTO的策略

审计机关如何应对加入WTO后的新形势,是我们必须着手解决的重要课题,下面从四个方面加以阐述。更新一个思想观念 加入世贸组织,审计机关要切实转变思想观念,摒弃那种认为加入WTO     

Senior female international managers: empirical evidence from Western Europe

Abstract This paper is an assessment of the international career transitions made by senior female managers in Western Europe. The perspective explored is that of currently employed senior female managers in a wide range of companies, who have made at least one international career move. The article is based on data collected from interviews with fifty senior female international managers. The voices of the female managers illustrate difficulties they encounter in a 'man's world', and confirm that there is still much improvement to be made in order to accommodate and entice more women to senior management assignments. The study, for the first time, assesses an exclusively senior sample of female international managers in Western Europe. Previous studies have established that, throughout Europe, women's promotion into senior domestic management positions has been very slow, despite legislative changes, including the European Union's social protocol, to enforce issues related to equal opportunity such as equal pay and measures against sex discrimination (Davidson and Cooper, 1993). This article examines a number of explanations from the relevant literature and analyses the empirical data collected from the fifty interviewees in order to develop an understanding of senior female international career progressions in Europe. From the data, a model of the typical senior female international path was developed (Linehan, 2000). This research is particularly relevant, as existing European studies have not specifically addressed issues pertaining to senior female international managers.     

朱镕基总理强调审计工作要突出重点查深查透

在1月4日召开的全国审计工作会议上,国务委员王忠禹传达了朱镕基总理听取审计工作汇报时提出的在审计中一定要突出重点,查深查透,对严重违反财经法纪的问题要绳之以法的要求.     

A profile of European accounting research: evidence from leading research journals

This paper attempts both to advance understanding about the research profile of accounting in Europe and to evaluate the role of The European Accounting Review in the dissemination of Europe-based accounting research. Empirical evidence supporting this investigation was gathered from all the papers published in thirteen top accounting journals during the period 1992 to 1997. Our results show that (i) a vast majority of European contributions to well-regarded journals are authored by scholars affiliated to British higher education organizations. Therefore, the overwhelming dominance of British accounting academics over Europe-based accounting research posits considerable doubts on the extent to which it is correct to form the notion of European accounting research. Our results suggest that such a notion is strongly shaped by one constituency of the European setting, that is, by researchers affiliated to British higher education institutions. (ii) The European Accounting Review has played a significant role in the diffusion of Europe-based accounting research. The journal constitutes the sole venue providing international visibility to scholars of eleven continental European countries. Moreover, The European Accounting Review has published a significant proportion of contributions from scholars of the other fifteen European countries. (iii) There exists limited mobility of non-English written accounting research across European countries. Lastly, the paper posits some suggestions for further work in this area.     

国家审计免疫系统的理论意义和现实思考

国家审计是国家经济社会运行的“免疫系统”的论点,是对国家审计本质、职能定位认识的一个新发展,是适应当前形势发展要求的一个理论创新,对于进一步明确审计的职能定位,充分发挥现代审计的功能,推动审计工作的科学发展具有重要意义,也为开展审计学术理论研究开辟了一个新的空间。这一理论的确立,进一步拓展了审计工作外延,并赋予了国家审计新的内涵。但是“免疫系统”的论点也面临着严峻的现实考验,为了使国家审计能够真正发挥“免疫系统”的功能和作用,我们也要考虑相应措施。     

Gender,the state and the audit profession: evidence from Spain (194288)

Extant knowledge on gender and auditing overwhelmingly relies on evidence gathered from a limited group of Anglo-Saxon countries. It is widely admitted, however, that gender issues are affected by the institutional contexts of the investigation. The Anglo-Saxon settings, we contend, embrace a number of idiosyncratic, institutional characteristics that advise caution in the generalizability of results. Our study addresses the role of gender in Spanish audit practice during the period 1942 to 1988. The environment of the Spanish audit profession witnessed the peaceful transition from a dictatorship to a full-fledged democracy as well as the emergence of a free market economy from a system characterized by stiff economic autarchy and an overriding intervention of the state in the economy. We found that the dominant role of the state in Spanish society affected the structure of the audit profession and made impossible the emergence of an autonomous project. In particular, our findings reveal that the audit profession did not have an independent strategy about the role of women at work, but mimicked the attitudes deployed by the state during our observation period.     

欧美商业步行街发展演变轨迹及启示

以商业步行街的发展与演变为线索,对相关理论进行疏理和评述,从社会文化、经济、政治以及技术四个层面对商业步行街的发展机制展开剖析,提炼出欧美商业步行街发展的社会文化机制、经济机制、政治机制以及技术机制,同时指出其对我国商业步行街发展的启示,为我国商业步行街的开发建设提供理论参考.     

Market efficiency,trading institutions and information mirages: evidence from a laboratory asset market

Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination - The study at hand investigates the performance of a continuous double auction, and a call market mechanism in an experimental asset market where...     

Performance of the internal audit department under ERP systems: empirical evidence from Taiwanese firms

In this study, the performance of the internal audit department (IAD) and its contribution to a company under enterprise resource planning (ERP) systems was examined. It is anticipated that this will provide insight into the factors perceived to be crucial to a company’s effectiveness. A theoretical framework was developed and tested using the sample of Taiwanese companies. Using mail survey procedures, we elicited perceptions from key internal auditors about the ERP system and auditing software, as well as their opinions concerning the IAD’s effectiveness and its contribution within a company. Data were analysed using the partial least square (PLS) regression to test the hypotheses. Drawing upon a sample of Taiwanese firms, the study suggests that a firm can improve the performance of the IAD through an enterprise-wide integrated, effective ERP system and appropriate auditing software. At the same time, the performance of the IAD can also contribute significantly to the company. The results also show that investments in computer-assisted auditing techniques (CAATs) are crucial due to their tremendous effectiveness in regard to the performance of the IAD and for the contributions CAATs can make to a company.     

The UK and EMU: Lessons from Europe

Her Majesty's Treasury is due to report in June 2003 on the economic case for the UK adopting the Euro. One criterion concerns the extent of economic convergence between the UK and the European Union countries. Differences in financial, credit and housing institutions between countries present one important subset of constraints to sustained convergence (Maclennan et al, 1998) - largely neglected in the economic literature on common currency areas. These types of differences create tension within the Eurozone. Empirical evidence supporting these concerns has emerged in signs of overheating in the Netherlands, UK and some of the fringe economies, and in the relative stagnation of Germany and Italy. The UK's buoyancy, however, is accompanied by serious economic imbalances, with consequent risks of instability. These would be exacerbated should the UK be prematurely locked into an exchange rate and interest rate regime unresponsive to domestic conditions. There is much to learn from European experience: from Germany and Italy, on the consequences of illiberal economic structures; from The Netherlands, on some of the risks of liberal credit markets; and from Denmark, with a liberal credit market but rational property taxation. In this paper, John Muellbauer argues that convergence does not have to be fully achieved, if there is a counterbalancing policy instrument to mitigate some of the effects of these slow-to-dissipate differences. Specifically in the UK, a reformed system of property taxation would contribute greatly to long-term stability and the preservation of economic balance.