日本公司治理结构内部控制中存在的问题分析

内部控制是企业治理的主要内容之一。在新的经济环境冲击下,涉及内部控制的日本企业的组织管理架构以及一些旧的公司制度和惯习已经束缚了企业的持续发展。日本在解决内部控制中存在的问题上,注重从法律的建设入手,并以此为手段带动实体经济改革。从当前内部控制改革的动向看,虽然相关的一些上市企业能按法律要求去实施,但在新制度的效果上许多企业尚存在质疑。由商法的修改带动的公司内部控制问题及其改善成为日本近年企业治理的焦点问题。     

Regulation and corruption in transitional China

This paper addresses the relationship between institutional change, regulation, and corruption by examining two possible positive effects of government discretion on growth in transitional economies, such as China. Firstly, economic reform depends on the support of those who have economic power. Allowing government departments and officials to divert resources and to be involved in private businesses make them a driving force for reform by giving up some of their power to the market. Secondly, because there existed large amounts of inefficient or out-of-date regulations in transitional economies, certain types of government discretion can actually circumvent inefficient policies and regulations and thus support growth. They enable people to break the status quo when regulations are lagging behind the reform. Although China had many laws and regulations which did not particularly promote growth, positive effects of government discretionary behaviour may have offset the negative effects of these laws and regulations on growth.     

BOT项目前期的政府监督问题及对策研究

政府监管是政府或政府指定的特设机构依据法律或法定授权对市场经济主体采取的一系列行政管理与监督的行为。BOT项目前期是由政府占据主导地位的，因此该阶段的政府监管更多的是对自身行为的监督。目前，该阶段存在立项规划欠缺前瞻性、招投标相关法律法规不健全、招投标存在不公平现象以及特许经营协议不完善的问题。必须充分考虑经济发展和城市规划的因素、完善BOT项目相关法律法规、规范招投标程序运作、强化政府监督的内部约束机制，以保障项目下一阶段的顺利进行。     

政策工具视角下中国高校思政教育

基于2012年11月以来的97份中国高校思政教育数字化政策为样本,构建X-Y二维分析框架,分析相关政策的政策工具分布及政策实施。研究发现,文件类政策较多,法规类政策较少;发文机构单一,协同类政策不多;政策工具体系初成,政策工具结构失衡;政策工具的应用持续向好,政策工具与政策实施的默契不足。最后,从强化法律法规支撑、加大政策协同力度、优化政策工具结构、提升政策工具与政策实施的匹配度等四方面提出优化建议。     

地方金融监管与扩展型规则:以网贷市场为例

在我国双层金融监管体制中,地方金融监管机构通过在中央监管规则基础上制定额外的扩展型规则的方式,提高金融监管应对法律不完备的能力,但监管有效性同样会受法律完备性的影响。实证研究扩展型规则对网贷市场发展各指标的影响后发现:扩展型规则能够显著增加网贷市场规模、促进平台以低风险方式退出市场,该效果在市场化水平较高的省份更为显著,且行业自律也有助于提高金融监管效率。因此,未来的改革方向是,加快金融立法步伐,以法律法规有效保障央地监管格局,同时加快市场化步伐,形成完善的投资者保护体系。     

我国环境管制与FDI区位密度分布研究

本文在对环境管制与FDI区位分布相关研究文献回顾的基础上,利用面板数据实证检验了环境管制对FDI区位分布密度的影响。研究发现,环境管制对FDI区位分布密度的提升具有相当大的显著的负的效应;同时,人均GDP与国有化程度对FDI的相对密度提升具有非常显著的负的效应,对外开放程度与工资水平对FDI的相对密度提升具有非常显著的正的效应。该研究结果表明各地区在提高环境管制标准的同时,要推进体制改革与对外开放,形成加强环境保护与促进FD流入的良性互动。     

利用外资对我国制度创新的重要意义

利用外资是我国对外开放的重要组成部分。利用外资不仅弥补了我国资金短缺，引进了先进的技术、管理经验和中高端人才，更重要的是对新时期制度创新产生了全方位的推动作用：一是改革开放初期利用外资相关法律法规的制定和实施成为推动市场化改革的萌芽；二是逐步树立了按国际惯例办事的意识，自发地形成了现代市场经济的意识；三是改善我国投资环境的努力，促进了经济体制改革的启动和深化，包括价格改革、财税改革、投资改革、金融外汇改革、内外贸流通改革等；四是推动了我国的所有制和产权制度改革，引入了股份合作等新的公有制实现形式；五是推动了企业制度创新；六是推动了收入分配体制改革：七是推动了政府职能转变。     

The effects of foreign ownership on competition in the banking industry: The key role of financial reforms

This study examines the impact of foreign ownership on bank competition and discusses whether the relation changes with various proxies of financial reform. We contribute to the extant literature by using the bank-level ratio of foreign ownership and applying five individual sub-indices of financial reforms from 50 countries. Within the emerging Asia and Middle East and North Africa (MENA) countries, our findings show that a higher ratio of foreign ownership in a bank can enhance competition, whereas a liberalization policy on banking supervision instead mitigates this positive relation between foreign ownership and competition. Conversely, the liberalization on bank privatization in Latin America and Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) countries significantly increases competition. Thus, financial reforms do matter to the foreign ownership-bank competition nexus.     

减轻、规范、稳定、深化:对农村税费改革的析评

“减轻、规范、稳定”是农村税费改革的指导思想,也是衡量农村税费改革成效的最高尺度。从“减轻”看,农村税费改革成效显著;从“规范”看,农村税费改革有“破”有“立”,但“破”的成份多,“立”的成份少,主要表现在基层政府公共支出责任的重构、公共收入权限的重构、公共预算平衡的重构和实施机制的重构等四个方面;从“稳定”看,由于没有形成基于法制基础的“规范”,农民负担减轻缺乏稳定的长效机制,存在反弹的压力。从财政的角度看,“深化”农村税费改革的关键是建设公共财政、分级财政、民主财政、法制财政。     

国外典型国家天然气基础设施公平开放经验对中国的启示

欧美等国天然气产业市场化改革进程中的经验教训和形成的成熟的管理体制，如法规先行推动管输与销售、开采分离、监管制度变革以及成立地区交易市场等，对中国推动天然气产业体制改革具有重要借鉴意义。结合中国天然气管网运营现状，从加快基础设施建设、推动管网运营机制改革以及完善天然气相关法律法规方面提出中国天然气基础设施公平开放具体建议，推动构建高质量基础设施公平开放体系。     

博弈论视角下旅行社边缘化现象研究

由于旅行社劣质服务损害消费者利益事件屡屡发生,旅行社面临被消费者边缘化的危机。本文通过构建完全信息动态博弈模型分析组团旅行社、地接旅行社、游客三方博弈过程,研究这种现象成因,分析表明消费者成熟度低,旅行社行业内部不规范竞争行为及相关法规不健全是重要原因。由此文章指出：旅行社应更新经营理念,重视消费者教育,追求与游客共赢的发展战略。政府应完善相关法规,规范旅行社运作过程。     

产权与绩效:基于中国产权改革的比较分析

文章把1978年以来中国进行的农村经济改革、国有企业改革和国有商业银行改革,看作是在相近的条件下、在相同的参与方(政府、集体、企业和个人)之间进行的三次重复博弈(RepeatedGames)。通过对三次产权改革进行比较分析,总结中国产权改革的一些经验教训,得出关于中国产权改革的     

环境规制推动了产业结构转型升级吗?——基于地方政府环境规制执行的策略互动视角

通过产业结构转型和升级打破资源和环境的诅咒,是保持中国经济高质量增长的必要条件。现有对环境规制如何影响经济结构转型的研究往往忽略了财政分权下的地方政府间经济增长竞争引致的环境规制互动行为,进而导致研究结论存在较大差异。文章基于政府竞争视角,借助两区制空间Durbin模型对地方政府环境规制执行的策略互动行为进行检验,随后构建空间杜宾模型分析环境规制对产业结构转型升级的影响,并进行了稳健性检验与传导机制分析。研究发现:标尺竞争机制下,地方政府环境规制执行存在相互模仿行为,即邻近地区降低环境规制强度,本地区亦会相应降低环境规制强度,彰显出环境规制的非完全执行特征;环境规制未能促进本地产业结构合理化,地方政府环境规制执行互动行为不利于邻近地区产业结构合理的均衡化发展;环境规制有效推动本地产业高度化进程,且地区间环境规制互动的正向空间溢出效应显著促进产业高度化发展;机制分析结果显示,地方政府环境规制策略互动行为削弱了要素配置效率,不利于产业结构合理化,同时,环境规制激发创新补偿效应促进产业结构高度化进程。因此,引导地方政府环境规制执行良性竞争,有效发挥环境规制对产业转型升级积极作用,有助于中国经...     

Innovation or Rent-seeking： The Entrepreneurial Behavior during China＇s Economic Transformation

Although achieving impressive economic growth during the economic reform period, China has been plagued by rampant corruption and a widening income gap. How can the coexistence of these two phenomena be explained？ In this paper, we argue that before 1994, the coexistence was induced by a series of expediential institutional arrangements to stimulate entrepreneurial activities and after 1994, it was entrenched because of the slow progress in the overall reform toward becoming a market economy and because of inappropriate government actions and the lack of government action in institutional building. To solve these problems, economic and political reforms need to be accelerated to improve market institutions and to establish the rule of law.     

Micro and small enterprises and employment creation: A case study of manufacturing micro and small enterprises in South Africa

South Africa is characterised by extremely high unemployment, at a level that has the potential to derail its future political stability. This paper explores constraints on the job creation capabilities of micro and small enterprises, specifically focusing on the consequences of existing institutional and regulatory frameworks, looking at a panel of firms within the manufacturing sector. This study revealed that most of the small firms interviewed were locked into a ‘coping mode’, and were extremely reluctant to expand, which owners ascribed to inappropriate regulation, outright regulatory failures and/or poor labour relations. At the same time, many employers openly admitted to not adhering to at least some labour regulations. At a theoretical level, it is argued that there is much more to promoting enterprise than the formal protection of owner rights. The paper concludes with an assessment of the possibilities and challenges of the practicalities of reform.     

中国欠发达地区农村基础设施建设的战略调整与产业化扶贫

农村基础设施建设改革,是当前中国农村经济体制改革的根本问题,也是欠发达地区经济社会发展的重大问题。现阶段,中国欠发达地区农村基础设施建设普遍存在相关规制的缺位,严重制约了欠发迭地区农业现代化的进程。中国欠发达地区的农村基础设施建设普遍具有地域性特征。贵州、四川等欠发达地区的改革实践,已经探索建立了中国欠发达地区农村基础设施建设的多种范式。政府应注重实施产业化扶贫战略,统一规划,建立健全相关法律法规,维护农村村民的合法权益。     

Bank Deregulation and Performance in Nigeria

Abstract: We investigate the interrelationships among bank competition, risk taking and efficiency during banking sector reforms in Nigeria (1993–2008). Our modelling procedure involves three stages: we measure bank productive efficiency, using data envelopment analysis, and the evolution of bank competition, using conjectural variations (CV) methods; then, we use the CV estimates to test whether regulatory reforms influence bank competition; finally we investigate the impact of the reforms on bank behaviour. The evidence suggests that deregulation and prudential re‐regulation influence bank risk taking and bank productive efficiency directly (direct impact) and via competition (indirect impact). Further, it is found that as competition increases, excessive risk taking decreases and efficiency increases. Overall, the evidence on Nigeria affirms policies that foster bank competition.     

美国对本国航空公司的扶持与管制政策及其启示

美国对于本国航空运输企业在政策法规、财政补贴和运营环境方面一直给予大力支持.同时,美国具有较完备的竞争法律体系,有力地防止了航空运输业中垄断和不正当竞争行为.美国对本国航空公司扶持政策和管制法规的并存与有效结合,对该国的航空运输业的发展起到了非常重要的作用.我国航空业正处于快速发展时期,有必要借鉴美国的经验,研究对航空公司扶持与管制政策的结合,促进我国民航业的健康发展.     

Hukou System Reform and Unification of Rural-urban Social Welfare

Using a political economy analytical framework, the present paper examines the hukou system reform in China. The potential unification of the social welfare system of rural and urban areas is discussed. The paper reviews the progress of hukou system reform since 2004. It is suggested that since China met its Lewis turning point in about 2004, and a labor shortage became a limiting factor in production, there has been stronger demand for hukou system reform. In the meantime, various levels of government have a point where incentives are compatibile for carrying out reforms. The paper also explores some limitations of the currently implemented reform in certain regions and puts forward relevant policy suggestions.     

The Market‐Promoting and Market‐Preserving Role of Social Trust in Reforms of Policies and Institutions

Social trust has been identified as a catalyst for reforms. We take the literature further in two ways. First, we analyze mechanisms through which social trust enables liberalizing reforms—by overcoming obstacles in the political process (stemming from ideology, ideological fractionalization, coalition government, minority government, and legislature‐seat instability). Second, we define reforms as distinct changes in the quality of the legal institutions and in the scope of regulation and separate reforms that increase economic freedom in these two areas from reforms that decrease it. We study separately how social trust, interacted with the different types of political hindrances, affects the probability of reforms. We find a dual role of social trust in the political process—facilitating liberalizing reforms and making deliberalizing ones more difficult. This suggests that trust does not make agreement on any reform more probable—the content of the reform is crucial.