城镇居民消费支出与第三产业产出的关联度研究

居民消费对带动产业发展，促进经济增长有着重要作用。由于各地区城镇居民在消费支出方面存在着差异，因而对产业产出的影响也不尽相同。本文从全国厦区域的角度出发，对居民消费进行综合评价，并运用实证方法探讨了区域消费支出与第三产业产出的关联程度。     

云南省城镇居民收入与消费支出长期均衡关系的实证分析

可支配收入是影响居民消费支出的主要因素。收入变化对消费支出是如何产生影响和影响程度的大小 ,在全国及不同省市的具体表现则各有差异。本文主要运用协整技术研究云南省城镇居民支出与可支配收入之间的长期均衡关系和短期调整程度 ,运用消费敏感性分析方法 ,探讨边际消费倾向波动的原因。     

我国城镇居民消费结构构成主因地区差异分析——基于灰色关联度理论的研究

伴随国民经济以较快速度增长的同时,居民收入水平也显著增长,生产要素收入增长过程势必表现为居民消费支出和储蓄额度增加,不断增长的消费支出将进一步刺激经济社会总需求。如何正确地评估我国不同区域和主要省份城镇居民消费结构的基本状况和影响其变动趋势的主要结构因素,将有助于改善居民消费结构使消费结构能够更好地符合经济调整和增长的要求。全文基于灰色关联度测算出我国东部、西部和中部地区城镇居民总消费支出与食品支出、衣着支出、居住支出、家庭设备支出、医疗保险支出、交通通讯支出、文教娱乐支出等分类消费支出的灰色关联度,根据关联度排序的实证结果进一步分析了影响我国不同区域及主要城市消费结构的主要因素,同时对比分析了不同城市之间消费结构构成主因的差异化,为进一步改善我国消费结构和平衡区域差异提供了有效的政策依据。     

政府民生支出对居民消费需求的动态影响——基于状态空间模型的实证检验

文章在最优消费行为理论分析框架下,基于我国城乡二元经济社会中居民所特有的消费特点,将政府民生支出引入最优消费函数进行理论分析并利用1978-2008年的相关数据,对政府民生支出与我国居民消费需求的动态关系进行实证检验。结果表明:(1)改革开放后,政府民生支出对居民消费产生倒V字形影响;(2)政府民生支出对城镇居民消费的影响大于其对农村居民消费的影响;(3)投资性民生支出对居民消费的影响远大于转移性民生支出对居民消费的影响。     

经济增长及宏观调控对我国居民消费的效应分析

基于协整理论,利用1978-2007年的时间序列数据,从城镇居民和农村居民人均消费支出角度,通过构建四变量VAR模型,分析了经济增长及宏观调控对我国居民消费的效应。研究结果表明:居民收入是影响居民消费的主要因素;不确定性的增加对居民消费具有抑制作用;经济增长对我国居民消费产生正向效应,但影响不明显;宏观调控对于农村居民消费的影响大于城镇居民,其中政府支出对我国居民消费影响主要表现为挤入效应,而利率的收入效应大于替代效应;最后,适度的通货膨胀有利于促进居民消费。     

政府支出对居民消费的影响——对Barro-Ricardo等价之谜的中国经验分析

本文基于居民消费跨期最优化分析框架,从理论及实证角度分析了政府支出对居民消费的影响。理论研究表明,政府支出对居民消费的影响主要取决于消费者相对风险规避系数及私人消费支出与政府支出之间的相关系数。并以中国为例,在李嘉图等价框架下从经验角度考察了中国政府支出对居民消费的影响。短期内,李嘉图等价不成立,政府支出与居民消费呈互补关系,即政府支出增加将导致居民消费增加。尤其需要注意的是,与通过征税来增加政府支出相比,通过发行国债增加政府支出对总需求的扩张效应更大,积极的财政政策在我国是有效的。但在长期中,政府支出将完全挤占居民消费支出,因而支出政策不宜用于实现政府的长期经济目标。     

城镇居民短期消费和长期消费影响因素的实证分析

居民消费是衡量一国国民生活水平的一个重要指标，扩大居民消费能力一方面可以扩大内需，同时又是新一轮社会大生产的逻辑起点。主要结合西方经济学的相关消费理论，短期和长期角度入手，分析影响居民消费的主要几个因素出发，利用线性回归理论、协整理论建立居民消费支出影响因素的模型，选取1978--2009年中国居民消费支出数据，使用实证的方法揭示出目前影响中国居民消费水平的主要因素，从而在提高居民消费和扩大内需方面提出自己的建议。     

山东省城乡居民消费结构的区域差异分析

山东省区域经济发展还不平衡,表现在各地区居民消费结构存在差异.理清山东城乡居民消费结构的区域差异及其成因,这有助于准确把握各地区居民的消费需求、完善消费政策与引导农民合理消费,发挥消费对协调区域经济差异的牵引力.基于所选地区的代表性与统计数据的可得性考虑,本文最终选取2001-2010年间济南、青岛、菏泽和临沂四个地区的统计数据作为研究对象,并且主要从平均消费倾向、边际消费倾向与消费支出结构三个方面比较城乡居民地区间差异.     

政府支出与居民消费:替代或互补——基于非线性有效消费函数的实证

以非线性有效消费函数为基础,笔者构造了一个政府支出与居民消费的跨期替代模型,并利用1978年～2004年相关数据,实证研究了我国政府支出与居民消费的关系.研究结果表明,在短期内,我国政府支出与居民消费呈互补关系;但在长期内,我国政府支出与居民消费呈替代关系,即政府支出挤占居民消费支出.因此,在短期内,政府可以通过增加支出增加居民消费以提高社会总需求;但在长期经济均衡时,政府不宜采用支出政策来实现长期经济目标.     

山西省城镇居民消费支出的多元回归分析

近年来,山西省的经济保持着快速发展的势头,人民生活有了很大程度的提高。文章通过分析1996年至2010年15年的相关数据,以山西省城镇居民的消费性支出为因变量,运用EViews软件对影响城镇居民的消费性支出的各种因素进行了分析,并找出其中的关键因素,建立了一个山西省城镇居民人均消费支出与人均可支配收入、居民消费价格指数、消费意愿和年利率的多元回归模型,研究城镇居民消费支出与其影响因素之间数量关系的基本规律,以揭示近年来城镇居民消费支出与收入等因素的情况及特点,掌握城镇居民消费支出的变化趋势。从而为政策制定者提供一定参考,最终促使消费需求这驾"马车"能成为引领山西省经济健康、快速、持续发展的动力。     

基于Panel Date的中部农村居民消费结构实证分析——以山西省为例

以山西省农民消费结构为研究对象,以消费性支出函数为工具,利用Panel Date模型对山西省农村居民消费结构和收入水平进行检验和实证研究,反映出近5年来山西省各地区农民消费的一般特征,并结合山西省11个地市差异以及农村居民的现状与消费结构差异的关系进行分析,不同地区的消费行为确实存在显著差异,要素流动性、资源禀赋和区位优势等区域经济基础要素与平均消费倾向负相关。结果表明,在山西省整体经济形势良好的局势下,收入层次的提高,居民消费的积极性增强。     

Aggregate consumption of non-durables and services,and the components of wealth: some evidence for the United Kingdom

The growth of spending on consumer goods in the United Kingdom in recent years has been a severe test of previously well-established consumption functions. This paper assesses the performance of a dominant ‘standard’ consumption function which relies on income and net liquid assets; it turns out that this has not been able to track the growth in consumer spending. However, developments of this consumption function which find a role for the components of personal sector wealth perform rather well, with satisfactory diagnostic statistics and an estimated equation standard error of around 0.4%.     

Mortgage payments and household consumption in urban China

By exploiting variation both in mortgage payoffs and mortgage interest-rate resets, we find that a decline in mortgage payments induces a significant increase in nondurable goods spending, even when households have substantial amounts of liquidity. Following mortgage payoff, households increase consumption expenditures by 61% of the original payment. In comparison, households increase consumption by only 36% in response to a transitory payment adjustment induced by interest rate changes. Households with a higher payment-to-income ratio have a significantly lower marginal propensity to consume (MPC). These results have practical implications for policy markers seeking to design consumption boosting policies and are important for understanding how changes in monetary policy may affect consumer spending patterns.     

基于广义虚拟经济视角下的中国居民消费与房价关系研究

根据居民消费理论,一般而言财富增加会促进消费,国外大量经验研究已证实了房价对消费存在正向的作用。但对于中国而言,房价上涨(财富增加)似乎并没有带动消费的增加?这是什么原因呢?我们认为房价上涨不仅有财富效应,也有与之相对应的替代效应(或称为挤出效应),这是因为短期内房价上涨使得人们购房支出增加而挤出日常消费。另一方面,基于广义虚拟经济视角的消费者心理分析也能更好地解释这一现象。本文利用1999-2010年我国的省际面板数据进行估计后发现,在我国,房价上涨会对消费的变动产生显著的负影响。对此,本文认为,这主要是由于替代效应造成的,同时中国以家庭为观念的社会结构也使得人们宁愿挤出日常消费也要承受"房奴"的生活。     

后金融危机时代奢侈消费的伦理思考

奢侈消费是指消费者的消费超出个人收入水平或财力状况,或者超过社会平均消费水平时的消费行为。从推动经济发展的角度来看,奢侈消费无疑是拉动内需、带动生产、促进经济发展的一个重要因素,但从实质上来看,奢侈消费会造成严重的浪费与挥霍,会使人们陷于物质享受的状态,最终导致拜金主义、享乐主义盛行,导致社会道德的滑坡。因此,在当今时代要限制奢侈消费,倡导适度消费,以适度消费引领当下的社会消费风尚。     

Testing separability of public consumption in household decisions

In this paper we propose a sequential strategy, based on the microeconomic approach of the demand theory, in order to test for separability between private and public consumption. The aim of the present work is to verify, using a conditional almost ideal demand system, whether the different components of public consumption exert conditioning effects on the allocative structure of private spending. The empirical estimation of the model and the separability tests are developed for both a demand system in five functional categories of private spending, and for a demand system in six categories, where the private expenditures on those goods and services which can also be offered by the public sector are enclosed in a single functional category. The results of the separability tests, obtained using UK data for the 1974–2000 period, show that public individual consumption plays an important role in modifying consumer choices, while public collective consumption does not affect private consumption behaviours. The relationships between the different components of private spending and public individual consumption are both of substitutability and complementarity; in particular, we find that public individual consumption and the corresponding private expenditures on ‘Health, education, recreation and social protection’ are complements.     

How do consumers respond to house price declines?

Movements in house prices and consumer spending are closely correlated in many developed nations. Much debate exists on whether this relationship is causal arising from either wealth effects or via borrowing constraints. This paper uses a unique survey question on consumer responses to house price falls to explain the relationship between house price movements and consumer spending among households in the United Kingdom. 30% of households report they would cut back consumption as a direct response to house price falls. Households who reported they were borrowing constrained were much more likely to report they would cut consumption.     

New evidence on factors affecting the level and growth of US health care spending

The dual problems of high and rising medical care expenditures and substantial differences in spending across geographic regions have long plagued the US health care system. We provide new evidence to explain why some states and regions of the country spend much more on medical care than others, and why health care spending for the nation as a whole has been growing rapidly over the last several decades. To do this, we estimate a health care spending panel data model using annual data on all 50 states for the period 1993–2009. Our model includes a number of socio-economic, health care provider, lifestyle and environmental variables that past studies indicate may affect the level or growth of aggregate health care spending. We exploit the time effect component of our model to obtain an upper-bound estimate of the effect of advances in medical technology. Our findings indicate that the most important factors influencing the level of spending are availability of providers, income, excessive alcohol consumption, Medicaid coverage, HMO health plans and the proportion of the population elderly and African-American. The principal drivers of growth have been the continual introduction of new medical technologies, and the growth of providers and income.     

Network externalities in consumer spending on lottery games: evidence from Spain

We use data from two nationally representative Spanish surveys in 2005 and 2006 to investigate spending on lottery games. Estimates from Tobit and double hurdle models of participation in lottery markets and spending on lottery tickets find that frequent participation in one game is not associated with an increased or decreased probability of participating in other games, but is associated with increased spending on other games. Consumer spending on different lottery games exhibits inter-related consumption decisions. Also, the assumptions underlying the double hurdle model, but not the Tobit model, better describe consumer spending on lottery tickets in Spain.     

幸福,赚钱还是花钱??

文章从理论和实证角度研究了幸福函数,对比考察了货币因素中的消费与收入对个人主观幸福感的影响。研究发现,货币因素的具体数值以及相对变化对个人主观幸福感均具有显著影响,无论是消费还是收入的增加都能显著提升个人幸福感,而花钱比赚钱更有利于提升个人幸福感。由于家庭的初始货币因素存在差异,以及受环境适应惯性和棘轮效应影响,相对于收入不平等的变动,个人幸福感对消费不平等的变动更加敏感;相对于就业样本,非就业样本对货币因素的变动更加敏感。“幸福没有那么容易,才会特别让人着迷”,在收入分配与再分配过程中注重居民家庭相对地位的改善,引导理性消费,满足消费需求,考虑异质性,则有利于提升国民幸福。