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1.
Oliver C. Füg 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(1):45-61
The protection of underage viewers against programmes harmful to their development has been a long-standing concern in national
broadcasting systems and was recognized by the Television Without Frontiers (TWF) Directive as a fundamental issue in European
audiovisual regulation. Policy discussions accompanying the most recent reform of the Directive confirmed the need to ensure
adequate protection also in the context of on-demand services, while disagreeing over the method by which this should achieved.
This article outlines the evolving regulatory regime for the protection of minors against unsuitable programming and presents
the legislative proposals drafted by the institutions in the course of the ongoing reform process. The analysis demonstrates
that while the concern for protecting minors perseveres in the face of the new Directive’s response to audiovisual convergence,
the envisaged rules for on-demand services lead to a noticeable differentiation of the basic regulatory tier, and a concomitant
concern for the effectiveness of protection.
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Oliver C. FügEmail: |
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The Consumer and Advertising Regulation in the Television without Frontiers and Audiovisual Media Services Directives 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Lorna Woods 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2008,31(1):63-77
This paper aims to assess the balance between the commercial interests of broadcaster and advertiser and the interests of
the viewer, as well as programme makers. The new Audiovisual Media Services Directive (AVMSD) seeks to clarify and to simplify
whilst maintaining the traditional European broadcasting landscape. The recurrent theme of the debate about legislative revision
has been based in the vocabulary of consumer choice empowered by technology. The use of this vocabulary then leads to assumptions
about the ability of the consumer to make choices. Insofar as those choices existed, they have been limited by developments
in the AVMSD and in the broadcasting environment. Despite the claims of the AVMSD about viewer choice, it seems likely that
the viewer will have no choice whether to receive commercial communications or not.
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Lorna WoodsEmail: |
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Digital services are increasingly important in the economy and in society in general, as they continue to shift from being a specific sector of activities to becoming the basis for the provision of most services. They offer multiple new opportunities from which consumers benefit daily, but they also raise novel questions for consumer protection. 相似文献
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Francisco Mas-Verdú 《Service Business》2007,1(1):7-23
In regional contexts with a dense fabric of small- and medium-sized companies, the promotion of knowledge-intensive services
through Technology Centres is a key innovation policy. This paper examines four models of Technology Centres in Europe: Baden-Württemberg
(Germany), Denmark, Emilia-Romagna (Italy) and the Valencian Community (Spain). Aspects such as the participation of private
agents, the financing of the Centres, and the diversity and heterogeneity of the models are discussed. Both the economic-productive
base (company structure, sector specialization, location patterns, etc.) and the political–institutional features (distribution
of competences, available budget, etc.) are major points for establishing the definition of each model.
相似文献
Francisco Mas-VerdúEmail: |
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在中国农业产业化发展过程中,农业龙头企业、农村合作及中介组织、经营大户、农民经纪人等农业商务信息应用主体对农业商务信息的需求越来越大,而中国农业商务信息服务体系在管理机制、信息采集与发布标准、信息服务人才等方面还存在着较大差距,因此,必须创新服务模式,走公益服务与商务运营相结合的道路,发挥社会力量在服务体系中的作用,引导、规范和完善农业信息服务市场建设,从而发展农业电子商务,达到"以信息化推动农业现代化"的目的。 相似文献
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美国就中国影响出版物和视听娱乐产品的贸易权和分销服务措施提出与中国WTO争端解决。本文对专家组裁定及上诉机构裁决做了归纳。最后就本案的核心问题(如对中国入世服务贸易承诺表的解释,GATT第20条例外是否可适用于中国入世议定书)进行了简要评析。 相似文献
7.
Hans-W. Micklitz 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2004,27(3):339-356
The Principles of European Contract Law (PECL) must be seen as a major step forward in the development of a body of European rules and principles which enshrine the common heritage of different national legal orders and cultures. They are meant to define general rules equally applicable to any person independent of his or her status as a professional supplier and/or as a consumer. The leading principles are party autonomy and self-determination, restricted by the notion of good faith. This paper tests whether and to what degree the European Principles manage to deal with consumer protection law as it has developed over the last 20 or 30 years. It is argued that – with some effort – the European Principles can be read so as to leave room for integrating the protection of the weaker party, albeit to a limited extent only. The insufficiencies can be overcome only by merging the acquis communautaire in consumer law with the European Principles. 相似文献
8.
Cristina Poncibò 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2012,35(2):175-195
Central to this paper is the aim to discuss the effectiveness of the Consumer Protection Cooperation Network (also known as ??CPC Network??) for consumer protection in cross-border disputes in the European Union (EU). In doing so, this paper deals with the literature about networks established by grouping the Commission and national authorities to enforce European Law. The examples of the European Competition Network and the CPC Network are interesting because they raise questions with regard to the effectiveness and the accountability of emerging network-based law enforcement. The development of the CPC Network may have relevant implications for other areas of EU law and policy, including the question whether network-based governance could be transposed in other fields of EU Law. 相似文献
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WTO与中国会计信息服务市场发展策略 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
中国加入WTO,将直接融入国际经济一体化的进程中,对会计行业而言,入世就意味着开放会计信息服务市场.WTO关于会计服务贸易的相关规定,要求中国所有的会计服务壁垒都需清除。中国会计服务业(注册会计师行业)在走向世界的同时,世界也将走进中国,中国会计信息服务市场国际化势在必行,这将使中国会计信息服务市场的职业环境发生巨大的变化,机遇与挑战并存。中国的注册会计师行业要在激烈的国际竞争中求得生存与发展,加强会计信息服务市场的规范化建设显得尤为重要与紧迫。 相似文献
11.
Ewoud Hondius 《Journal of Consumer Policy》2004,27(3):245-251
Protecting the weak party has been one of the cornerstones of the development of contract law over the past century. An enduring intellectual debate sets those who would advocate a less interventionist model against those – including the present author – who remain wedded to the virtues of protection. That debate lies at the core of this Special Issue. The European Union has been and remains at the forefront of the renovation of the law, and it now confronts questions that spill over from its longstanding preoccupation with consumer law into the field of private law more generally. 相似文献
12.
Word-of-mouth communication (WOMC) has been recognized as a powerful marketing communication medium and a credible information-gathering tool. To date, the various types of WOM messages have not been adequately studied, especially in credence-based services (CBS). Using the individual interview technique, this study fills this gap by describing the three types of WOMC messages in CBS information-gathering. The results contribute to the ongoing development of WOMC theory and also advance management's understandings of the types of WOMC messages in the CBS information-gathering process. 相似文献
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ICT(信息通信技术)和服务贸易自由化使世界服务业出现了裂变和全球服务分工体系。商业业务流程外包(BPO)和信息服务外包(ITO)是世界服务业全球一体化的重要表现。但WTOGATS没有对应的分类标准,这样影响了世界BPO和ITO业务的进一步发展,GATS应建立新的服务部门分类标准,并以BPO和ITO为切入点推动服务贸易新一轮的谈判。 相似文献
17.
卢彪 《扬州大学商学院学报》2006,10(5):30-35
当代生命科学技术活动不仅是一种物质性实践,而且还可以视为一场开拓性的社会伦理试验,这一试验时间虽短,但出现了一些新的伦理向度,即从境界伦理到境遇伦理、从个体伦理到集体伦理、从区域伦理到全球伦理等。 相似文献
18.
《Journal of Relationship Marketing》2013,12(2):123-146
Regardless of whether a product or a service is offered, or whether the customer is an organization or a final consumer, the company that adopts a market orientation (seeks to gather information on the customer and to offer the highest value to the customer) has the greatest potential for success in the marketplace. This study examines whether the adoption of business-to-business services by customer firms is influenced by the perceived level of market orientation of the service provider. Empirical results from the telecommunication industry showed that if the vendor firm were perceived to gather relevant customer information and to provide a more valuable service offer to the customer firm, the customer would weight the value of the service offer more highly in the adoption decision. Managerial implications and directions for future research are presented in the concluding section. 相似文献
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The information technology sector in Europe, comprising the production of computer hardware and software, is disproportionately located on the continent's western periphery. The vast bulk of computers sold in Europe in the 1990s were assembled either in Ireland or Scotland, while Ireland also accounted for over 40 per cent of all packaged software and 60 per cent of all business software sold in Europe. As the sector in both these locations is largely foreign owned, the question arises as to whether EU enlargement might impact on the geography of the sector by diverting information technology FDI from the western to the new eastern periphery. This issue is explored in the present paper by analysis of five individual sub‐segments: computer assembly and electronic components, R&D, mass‐market packaged software and the remainder of the software sector. The paper deems it likely that computer assembly operations will continue the shift seen in recent years from Ireland and Scotland to Central and Eastern Europe. The production of electronic components such as microchips represents a growing share of activity in most EU locations as well as in the CEE countries. Analysis suggests that this pattern of geographically‐dispersed growth will resume once the consequences of the collapse of the high‐tech bubble are played out. The distribution of R&D activity across Europe and globally is also considered unlikely to be much affected by enlargement. As for software, as long as localisation activities remain important, Ireland – the EU location in which most of this activity is carried out – seems set to be able to compete strongly, given the attractiveness of its English‐language environment and other attributes to the young continental Europeans upon which this activity relies. Most software services remain largely non‐tradable however. This sector will grow in the accession states as computer penetration rates converge on the EU average, but without displacing activity from the incumbent EU member states. For firms already competing in the tradable niche software segment, on the other hand, enlargement cannot but be beneficial because of its impact on the size of the market into which they sell. 相似文献