治理中国的农业面源污染

在中国农业取得举世瞩目成就的同时,中国农业面源污染日益严重,主要原因是过量并且不合理地使用农药,过量的使用化肥,农膜污染、秸秆污染、集约化养殖场污染等。农业面源污染是目前水体污染的最大原因之一,治理农业面源污染刻不容缓。     

农业污染对我国农产品质量安全的影响及对策探讨

农业污染和农产品质量安全问题是我国农业发展中面临的主要问题,本文阐述了农业污染对农产品质量安全的影响,分析了农业污染影响农产品质量安全的原因,并提出了解决农业污染和农产品质量安全问题的对策及建议.     

我国农业污染的现状及应对建议

目前，我国农业污染已严重影响水体、土壤和大气的环境质量，且日益明显和突出于工业污染。对农业污染的防控，不仅关系到农业及区域社会经济的可持续发展，还关系到国家“三农问题”的解决及生态的安全。本文从我国农业污染的成因、危害、防控中存在的主要问题等方面进行了探讨与研究，并提出了相关建议。     

农业面源污染的现状与防治

随着点源污染得到逐步的治理,农业面源污染问题已引起了人们的极大关注.进入21世纪初,中国农业面源污染的影响将进一步加剧,将成为中国可持续发展的最大挑战之一.对农业面源污染的控制将逐步成为现代农业和社会可持续发展的重大课题.     

我国农业面源污染的治理对策研究

针对我国农业面源污染日趋严重的客观现实,分析了当前农业面源污染的现状,阐述了我国农业面源污染的经济学含义,提出了治理农业面源污染的对策及措施,即加强农业环境立法、加大资金投入、对加剧农业面源污染的行为征收庇古税及对减少农业面源污染的行为给予补贴等,以期对加强农村环境保护,治理农业面源污染以及促进农村社会、经济和生态环境可持续发展提供政策依据。     

绿色农业补贴的实施及对我国农业污染的治理

绿色农业补贴是指国家按照环保标准来核定补贴数额的农业补贴。绿色农业补贴一方面是对原有的不合理的农业补贴政策的改革,另一方面则是以市场机制为导向,尽量发挥市场的力量,使绿色补贴这一公共政策能起到治理农业污染的作用。一、我国农业污染的现状长期以来,我国主要重视工业对环境的污染,很少考虑到农业生产对环境的污染,对污染的治理措施也大多针对工业的污染治理,针对农业的污染治理措施几乎没有。以农业补贴为例,我国的农业补贴大多没有和环境保护挂钩,有的甚至起反作用。如对特定化肥农药的补贴有助于鼓励农民选择高产作物品种,却对…     

农业面源污染原因及对策

近年来,整治农业面源污染工作越来越受到各级政府的重视。阐述了农业面源污染的来源及危害,分析了农业面源污染源对农产品的影响,提出了农业面源污染的治理对策,为科学合理施肥、施药,加强生态环境监测体系建设,大力推进科技进步,走生态农业的道路提供了科技支撑。     

水资源与我国农业的发展

水资源不仅是我国社会经济发展中越来越突出的问题,而且已经成为我国农业发展的瓶颈。节水农业和农业污染的治理,是解决社会经济发展和农业水资源问题的关键。     

农业源污染治理财政政策的欧洲模式及其借鉴

欧洲国家在对农业源污染治理过程中财政政策发挥了重要作用。欧洲重视农业源污染的源头治理、农业环境补贴采取经济诱导方式、成员国积极承担治理责任。中国农业源污染治理财政政策存在缺失,应借鉴欧洲经验完善中国农业源污染治理财政政策。     

德州市农业面源污染问题研究

随着现代化农业的发展,农业生产对农药、化肥、农膜等农资使用量的增加,作物秸秆随意堆放和焚烧,养殖业发展带来的大量畜禽废弃物,致使农业面源污染极其严重。德州市农业生产中也存在着这样的面源污染问题,本文即在其他学者研究发现的基础上,通过数据了解到本市面源污染治理中的困难所在,并据此提出建议和措施,以期为实际污染治理提供一定的借鉴和依据。     

我国房地产税制的现状及改革构想

房地产税制是维护房地产市场公平竞争，实现国家对房地产业宏观调控的有力杠杆。然而，我国现行的房地产税制却存在税费不分、税制不统一、税制结构不合理等诸多问题。严重影响了其对房地产业应有的宏观调控作用。因此，适时地推进房地产税制的改革应是当务之急，应统一内外税制，合理界定税费的范围，建立统一、规范、合理的房地产税收体系。     

The Change in Productive Efficiency in Telecommunications in the United States

The question addressed here is whether the adoption of incentive regulation, which has become an important regulatory tool in the telecommunications industry in the USA, has resulted in a change in the technical efficiency of local exchange carriers in the USA. After providing an overview of the nature of incentive regulation, a methodology for measuring technical efficiency and its change is introduced. This is a multiple-output/multiple-input distance function approach to measuring technical efficiency. The results of implementing this approach for 19 local exchange carriers for the 1988-2001 period indicate that in the production of local service, intrastate toll/access service, and interstate access to local loops, there was no change in technical efficiency between the 1988-1990 period and the 1991- 2001 period, something that incentive regulation was specifically designed to promote.     

西部地区人力资本投资与知识化发展

人力资本投资在推动知识化发展的过程中存在自增强机制，通过促进人力资本保值增值，进行人力资源合理配置，改善配置环境和配置政策、完善配套措施，有助于充分发挥这一机制的功能，从而实现西部地区知识化发展。     

Age Discrimination in Employment in Canada

Issues pertaining to age discrimination in employment in Canada are analyzed with a view toward highlighting lessons that may be learned from the Canadian experience—an experience that is taking on increased policy importance. Reasons for the increased attention to age discrimination issues are outlined, followed by a portrayal of the age discrimination legislation and court interpretations in Canada, especially as they pertain to mandatory retirement. Enforcement aspects are discussed, as is the evidence on age discrimination in employment and the effectiveness of legislation with respect to age discrimination and mandatory retirement. The article concludes with a discussion of the lessons to be learned from the Canadian experience, especially with respect to the poorly understood but complicated relationship between age discrimination and mandatory retirement. Policy recommendations for strengthening age discrimination legislation are also outlined. (JEL J14 , J24 , J71 )     

Inequalities in Income Distribution in Slovenia

This article presents an empirical analysis of income distribution based on income tax data for Slovenia in 1991-2000. It presents evidence of rising inequalities in income distribution (gross income, gross wages and pensions). These results are supported by coefficients of variation, Gini coefficients and by the Lorenz curves. Inequalities increased rapidly in the 1991 to 1993 period. After a significant decrease in 1994 and a steady increase from 1995 to 2000, the peak value from 1993 was not surpassed. Atkinson's requirements for dominance comparisons are not violated. Inequalities are also present in the distribution of the benefits of economic growth among income groups.     

上海生态农业发展影响因素研究

文章分析了上海生态农业发展的影响因素,并利用计量模型进行检验,认为影响上海生态农业发展的主要因素有农业基础设施、农业劳动力资源、农业产业化水平、农业科技实力状况。     

Public participation in forestry in Turkey

Recently public participation in forestry has been seriously considered in Turkey. Participation is however quite a challenge for a country with a long tradition of top-down management and a strong bottom-up dependence on public provisioning. In such a setting, it may not be surprising that the experiences with public participation in forestry in Turkey are mixed. There are some positive initiatives like the creation of farmer's cooperatives and NGOs, but their role is quite limited and small of scale. This paper is bringing together different views based on existing studies in Turkish related to Turkey's experience with implementing public participation in forestry.     

Inter-enterprise arrears in economies in transition

In the context of economies in transition, the paper argues that an excessive liquidity squeeze could throw the economy into a persistent state of low economic activity. In such bad equilibrium, enterprise transactions become largely demonetized, with a chain of arrears, a form of involuntary credit, spreading over the entire system. The empirical analysis of the Romanian experience seems to support the view advanced in the paper.