货币政策透明度、通胀偏差与预期成本

由于预期的形成是需要成本的，本文通过建立一个引入预期成本的简单模型，分析可得信息的开发和处理信息成本之间的权衡关系对货币政策博弈的影响。模型得到两个结论：一是提高货币政策的透明度可以降低通货膨胀率；二是在特定的情况下，越“保守的”中央银行可能会导致更高的通货膨胀。因此，为了减少由动态不一致所导致的通胀偏差，中央银行越保守，就应该越透明。     

The Stock Market,Monetary Policy,and Economic Development

In this article, we examine the impact of financial market development on the level of economic development. In particular, we explore this issue in a setting where individuals face idiosyncratic risk. Incomplete information also provides a transaction role for money so that monetary policy can be studied. While an active banking sector promotes risk sharing, we incorporate a market for equity by allowing individuals to trade capital across generations. In this manner, each asset and financial market in our model fulfills a distinct economic function. Consistent with recent empirical work, we find that the impact of access to a stock market may be indeterminate—the economy may respond with significant gains in capital accumulation and risk sharing, or there may be relatively little impact. We also show that the effects of monetary policy vary across the level of financial development. In economies with small stock markets, increasing the amount of liquidity will cause capital accumulation to decline. By comparison, in advanced economies, capital accumulation improves.     

货币政策作为经济杠杆调控的效率机制及其有效性

货币政策作为经济杠杆的调控效果很大程度上取决于其调控机制是否有效.文章在分析中国利率非市场化、金融市场存在缺陷、银行贷款对绝大多数企业是不可替代的资金来源的条件下,提出了一系列措施以加强货币政策对经济调控的有效性.     

我国货币政策影响因素分析——基于VAR模型分析

论文使用2006-2012年月度数据,基于VAR模型对影响我国货币政策的因素进行了协整分析,结果表明:财政赤字、外汇储备、资产价格与M2在长期存在均衡关系,且资产价格变动对于货币供应量的影响为最大;短期内,财政赤字、外汇储备、资产价格受到一个正的冲击,引起M2变动的最大值分别为0.1702%、0.1335%、0.2478%,财政赤字、外汇储备具有正效应,资产价格具有负效应,这三者因素对于我国的货币政策的影响不容忽视,应受到政策制定者的关注。     

政策操作透明度下的货币政策传导机制研究

货币政策的有效性在很大程度上取决于货币政策传导机制的灵活畅通。通过增加货币政策的透明度,从而提高货币政策的可信性和有效性,成为当前各国中央银行关注的焦点。文章介绍了货币政策透明度的内涵,分析了增强货币政策透明度对提高货币政策传导机制的作用,并对改进我国货币政策透明度问题进行了探讨。     

中美“宽松”货币政策、通胀预期与货币规则的探讨

2008年10月以来,中美两国均采取了不同程度的"宽松"货币政策来应对源于美国金融危机的全球经济衰退。本文的研究显示,2008年,中美两国货币供应量M1和M2增长率是相似的;2008年底到2009年8月,中国的M1和M2增长率分别为20.6%和21.4%,而美国的M1和M2增长率仅为3.36%和2.14%,中国的通胀预期是市场对"超级宽松"货币政策的合理反应。在过去的一年间,中国货币当局对美国金融危机的反应比美国的政策干预更为积极。而货币供应量的高增长孕育着价格上涨的风险,货币政策应当从被动协调美国的相机抉择转向遵循货币数量规则,抑制通胀预期,以实现宏观经济的稳定增长。     

中美经济发展与中国货币政策有效性

本文对美国经济与中国主要宏观经济变量之间的相关性进行了定量研究,实证分析了1993～2007年中美经济发展对中国货币政策传导机制和效果的影响。通过要素增强型向量自回归模型的实证研究发现,中美两国经济关系呈现出高度的协同性,而且这种相关程度随着中国经济开放的深化变得更加明显。中美经济交流和互动对中国货币政策传导机制和效果产生了明显影响,主要表现为美国因素强化了中国货币政策的产出效应。随着中美经济关系的发展,汇率效应在中国货币政策传导机制中的作用日益增强,而利率效应逐渐减弱。     

Sectoral Effects of Monetary Policy: Evidence from Malaysia

The present paper analyzes the effects of monetary policy shocks on aggregate and eight sectoral outputs for Malaysia using vector autoregressive models. In line with many existing studies on Malaysia, the results are supportive of the real effects of monetary policy shocks. More importantly, we find evidence suggesting sector-specific responses to innovations in monetary policy. In response to positive interest rate shocks, we note that the manufacturing, construction, finance, insurance, real estate and business services sectors seem to decline more than aggregate production. By contrast, we observe the relative insensitivities of agriculture, forestry and fishing, mining and quarrying, electricity, gas and water to interest rate changes. The results, therefore, seem to confirm potential disparities in the effect of monetary policy on real sectoral activities.     

美联储货币政策效应对中国经济增长的影响:基于TVP-VAR-SV模型的省际研究

中美两国作为全球最大的两个经济体,美联储货币政策对中国经济增长的溢出效应超越双边,对全球经济发展具有广泛而深远的影响。文章运用带有随机波动率的可变参数向量自回归模型,实证研究美联储货币政策溢出对中国经济增长的省际效应,并采用R软件生成美联储货币政策溢出对中国内地31个省(直辖市、自治区)经济增长的冲击方向和程度的地域分布图。从总体来看,美联储货币政策溢出效应对中国内地各个省份经济增长的冲击存在着较大的异质性,东部沿海和沿边省份经济增长受到美联储货币政策溢出效应的冲击性影响程度要小于内陆省份。为此,中国既要综合运用货币政策和财政政策工具,有效应对外部短期冲击,又要充分利用美联储加息政策溢出效应带来的有利因素,扎实推进经济结构调整和转型升级,加快经济增长动力结构转换,积极培育经济发展新动能;同时,在制定应对政策时,要准确区分中国内地不同省份经济增长受美联储货币政策溢出效应冲击的特殊性和异质性,因地制宜地采取有针对性的策略。     

金融税制与货币政策效应

金融税制是一国管理金融活动的有关税收的法律法规的总和。金融税制影响金融市场效率和各类金融活动主体的行为,通过利率传导机制和信贷配给传导机制对货币政策效应产生影响。为保证货币政策能顺利传导,我国目前应进一步完善针对金融市场的流转税和所得税制度,对商业银行不宜取消现行的营业税或急剧降低营业税税率,应针对不同业务细化和完善相关的流转税制度。     

Structural Reform and Transparency in a Monetary Union

We assess how central bank transparency affects the incentives for labour market reform in a monetary union. We introduce transparency as affecting unemployment forecasts that provide information that the central bank has to the private sector and the governments. Under conditions of monetary policy opaqueness and inflation bias, we show that monetary union may induce more reform (as governments mitigate inflation surprises under idiosyncratic shocks), albeit to a lesser extent when inflation bias is only present at the national level. In the absence of inflation bias, central bank transparency, by eliminating inflation surprises in the face of idiosyncratic shocks, induces less reform in a currency union relative to monetary autonomy. Altogether, these results point to the need for a strong political commitment to reform so that member states benefit most from the combination of a credible and transparent single monetary policy with measures aimed at improving competitiveness and enhancing long-term growth.     

经济复苏下的非常规货币政策退出——理论分析与中国的选择

本文从非常规货币政策退出的时机判断、策略选择、工具取舍和效果预测与评估等四个方面构建了一个经济复苏背景下的非常规货币政策退出的理论分析框架,在此基础上,对中国非常规货币政策退出中涉及的相关问题进行了探讨。研究表明,时机判断、退出策略、退出工具的选取以及效果预测和评估是非常规货币政策退出决策中相互依存、相互制约的四个有机组成部分。在经济复苏阶段,中国非常规货币政策退出的目标应是在维护币值稳定的基础上兼顾其他目标的实现。在退出的节奏上应循序渐进,在财政政策与货币政策的退出次序上应"先财政、后货币"。同时,应加强与其他国家间货币政策退出的协调与沟通,强化对非常规货币政策退出效果的预测和评估。     

Bank Capital Regulation,Economic Stability,and Monetary Policy: What Does the Academic Literature Tell Us?

This paper surveys academic research exploring the macroeconomic and monetary policy implications of the Basel I and Basel II systems of risk-based capital requirements. This research indicates that regulatory tightening of capital ratios can generate aggregate shocks, that capital regulation can enhance the procyclicality already inherent in banking, and that capital requirements can influence macroeconomic outcomes and alter the monetary policy transmission mechanism. The paper offers suggestions for future avenues of research on the interplay between bank capital regulation, the economy, and monetary policymaking. Although any errors are my own, I received very helpful comments on earlier versions from Kenneth Kopecky, John Pattison, and Jack Tatom. I am grateful for research support from Networks Financial Institute.     

Remittances,Monetary Policy,and Partial Sterilization

Remittances play a large and important role in certain economies, where they became a significant share of GDP. Official government records of these flows have been systematically improved since governments realized their importance, but a significant percentage of remittances remain unrecorded. This, together with the shadow economy, may pose a problem for monetary policy. This article uses a limited participation model to examine the differential effect that higher shares of remittances can have on monetary policy and describes the impact of remittances on a small open economy under partial sterilization. It demonstrates how a typical monetary shock will lead to a more pronounced liquidity effect when remittances become a higher proportion of GDP. It also shows that a positive remittance shock improves consumption and lowers interest rates, but as it also reduces work effort it momentarily lowers output. Such dynamics are exacerbated as the degree of partial sterilization is accentuated.     

货币政策调控房价问题研究

我国房价的持续上涨问题倍受社会各界的普遍关注,本文阐述了我国货币政策调控房价的主要途径,对货币政策调控房价效果有限的原因进行深入剖析,并在此基础上提出了提高我国货币政策调控房价有效性的政策建议。     

贸易顺差、冲销操作和货币政策效应的非对称性

文章利用＂G—R＂模型和结构向量自回归模型,实证分析我国货币政策的独立性和非对称性,通过我国汇改前后的比较得出,汇改之前货币政策独立性小于汇改之后,但汇改后,为保持汇率稳定而进行的冲销操作在很大程度上削弱了我国货币政策的独立性。通过江苏、山东和四川三省的实证分析得出,货币政策效应存在明显的区域差异。     

Communication and Monetary Policy

Recent trends toward greater central bank independence and theadoption of formal inflation targeting by several countrieshave served to emphasize the importance of communication policy.In this paper, we explore some of the economic effects of publicinformation that arise whenever public information serves thedual role of conveying fundamental information as well as servingas a focal point for better coordination. More precise publicinformation is a double-edged tool. While it is very effectivein influencing actions through coordination, sometimes it canbe too effective, and coordinate actions away from fundamentals.