我国农村金融抑制与金融深化问题浅析

自从20世纪70年代初美国经济学家麦金农和肖提出金融深化以来,该理论逐渐发展成为发展经济学的重要组成部分,并对广大发展中国家的经济实践产生了巨大的影响.本文在对金融深化理论进行综述的基础上,从金融抑制角度分析了目前我国农村金融体系存在的主要问题,并相应提出我国农村金融深化的一些政策、措施.     

农村金融深化对农村经济发展的相关性分析

文章以金融压抑和金融深化理论为分析依据,对我国农村金融深化与农村经济增长之间的关系进行了分析.实证分析的结果与人们的预期并不完全一致,文章对此作了理论上的解释,并认为:金融深化理论与利率政策要与农村经济发展阶段相适应;在深化农村金融改革时,重点应放在如何提高其运作效率方面,而非数量的盲目扩张上;完善农村金融体系、提高农村金融服务质量应成为农村金融改革的目标.     

金融深化理论对我国金融改革的影响

本文首先阐述了金融深化及其相关理论，然后运用金融深化理论分析了我国改革开放后的金融深化进程，根据我国金融发展的实际情况，提出了金融机构企业化、市场化，利率市场化以及深化资本市场来促进我国金融深化的进程。     

从支农三驾马车的市场定位看农村金融深化的路径选择

在农村金融改革和深化中,政府主导的支农三驾马车(农业银行、农业发展银行、农村信用社)占据重要位置,但是也存在若干问题。因此,运用金融深化理论对我国农村金融供求特征进行深入分析,选择农村金融深化路径时,应该把握目前经济转型时期农民对金融服务的需求,不断提高以政府为主导的农村金融资源配置的效率。在制度上建立和我国社会主义市场经济相适应、符合农村经济发展需要,以竞争为基础的现代农村金融服务体系     

基于金融约束分析视角下的农村金融改革研究

我国农村普遍存在的金融抑制严重制约着现代农业和农村经济的发展,解决金融抑制的根本还在于制度创新。本文结合发展中国家的金融约束理论,在对我国农村金融抑制现状进行深入分析的基础上,以金融约束的分析视角提出了农村金融改革的建议。     

我国农村金融体系构建的理论综述及评价

近年来随着金融领域的改革和创新，我国农村地区，尤其是西部欠发达民族地区农村的金融体系构建日益显现出其必要性和紧迫性。本文首先回顾了金融学界对农村金融体系构建理论的主要观点和主要内容，其次综述了其相互关系和不足，最后对农村金融体系构建理论对我国农村金融建设的意义做出了相关评价，并对其发展前景作出了展望。     

我国农村金融抑制问题及其金融深化的对策研究

我国农村金融抑制问题由来已久,政府主导型的强制性金融制度变迁是其根本原因。制度供需抑制、民间金融的夹缝生存迫切需要政府对农村金融制度再设计。本文从制度经济学角度浅析了金融抑制问题及其成因,并从金融深化的角度探讨制度设计的对策研究。     

当前我国农村金融抑制问题分析

金融抑制是发展中国家普遍存在的问题,在我国金融体制改革的进程中,我国农村的金融抑制情况更突出,消除金融抑制对"三农"的影响是农村金融急需解决的问题。本文从金融抑制理论出发,分析了我国农村金融抑制的成因及表现,提出消除农村金融抑制的具体措施。     

我国农村金融抑制问题及其金融深化的对策研究

我国农村金融抑制问题由来已久,政府主导型的强制性金融制度变迁是其根本原因.制度供需抑制、民间金融的夹缝生存迫切需要政府对农村金融制度再设计.本文从制度经济学角度浅析了金融抑制问题及其成因,并从金融深化的角度探讨制度设计的对策研究.     

我国农村金融市场供需缺口较大的原因及对策

本文分析了我国农村金融市场供需现状,发现在我国农村金融体制改革逐步深化的过程中,仍存在供求失衡和金融抑制的问题,因此,从中国农村金融制度与农村需求适应性的角度提出了政策与建议。     

浅谈集团企业财务战略及财务管理

财务战略。是指为谋求企业资金均衡有效的流动和实现企业整体战略,为增强企业财务竞争优势,在分析企业内外环境因素对资金流动影响的基础上,对企业资金流动进行全局性、长期性与创造性的谋划,并确保其执行的过程。财务管理则是在一定的整体目标下,关于资产的购置,资本的融通和经营中现金流量,以及利润分配的管理。财务战略主要是考虑财务领域全局的,长期的发展方向问题,而财务管理则是为企业财务战略提供资金支持,是为提高经营活动的价值而进行的管理。财务管理对于企业的长期生存和健康发展具有重要意义。     

二十世纪九十年代以来西方金融发展理论评析

现代金融发展理论是通过专门研究金融与经济发展之间的关系而展开的，进入九十年代，通过对金融自由化改革的反思，有对金融深化理论或补充和完善的，也有经济学家用与传统方法不同的思路进行研究的，较有影响的有金融约束论、金融效率论等。     

我国的金融体系及其改革趋势分析

完整的金融体系包括金融机构体系、金融市场体系、金融监管体系和金融调控体系。本文从上述四个方面阐述了我国金融体系的发展现状和存在的主要问题，并分析了改革和完善我国金融机构体系、金融市场体系、金融监管依稀和金融调控体系的基本方向及思路。     

The role of financial shocks in business cycles with a liability side financial friction

The paper investigates the role of investment specific technology shock within the particular type of financial friction of Gertler and Karadi (2011) and the impact of direct financial shock into this, such as a net worth shock, using US data. The paper explicitly shows how the bank balance sheet effect of counter cyclical movement of capital price attenuates such investment shocks and the extent depends on the type of financial shocks included in the model. Because of the construction of capital quality shock in such financial friction model, we need to incorporate a direct net worth shock while analysing the role of financial shock. This highlights finance sector as a fundamental source of shocks apart from amplifier of shocks originating in elsewhere of the economy.     

论我国财政收入规模与结构的科学化及实现途径

通过对我国财政收入规模和结构的实证分析，可得到财政收入规模的合理区间范围；通过对中央和地方一般预算收入分级比重情况、税收收入和非税收入结构情况以及税收收入结构情况的分析，可取得财政收入结构的合理区间范围，以实现我国财政收入运行科学化。     

金融发展中稳定与效率的"二难"选择

作为现代经济的核心，金融业的发展既离不开金融稳定，也离不开金融效率。金融发展应以金融稳定为基础，以提高金融效率为目标。然而，金融业发展的事实却表明，金融发展总是呈现在稳定与效率的博弈状态之中，很显然，这对实现经济发展以及保障金融体系的稳定是十分不利的。     

The political economy of the Ecuadorian financial crisis

This paper takes the unusual step of exploring economic hypothesesthrough interviews with key economic agents. It focuses on thecauses of Ecuador's 1999 banking collapse, within an eclecticframework with Minskian elements. Broad support is found for‘endogenous’ explanations of financial crises andlittle backing for explanations such as accidents or policymistakes. Interviewees argued that after the stabilisation programmeof 1992, agents became euphoric and accumulated debt to financeimprudent levels of expansion; that incentives for moral hazardled to financial corruption and excessive risk taking; and thatweak regulation after financial liberalisation encouraged financialfragility.     

The societal benefit of a financial transaction tax

We provide a novel justification for a financial transaction tax for economies where agents face stochastic consumption opportunities. A financial transaction tax makes it more costly for agents to readjust their portfolios of liquid and illiquid assets in response to liquidity shocks, which increase both the demand for and the price of liquid assets. The higher price improves liquidity insurance and welfare for other market participants. We calibrate the model to U.S. data and find that the optimal financial transaction tax is 1.6% and that it reduces the volume of financial trading by 17%.     

Anatomy of a financial crisis

This paper provides an asymmetric information framework for understanding the nature of financial crises. It provides the following precise definition of a financial crisis: A financial crisis is a disruption to financial markets in which adverse selection and moral hazard problems become much worse, so that financial markets are unable to efficiently channel funds to those who have the most productive investment opportunities. As a result, a financial crisis can drive the economy away from an equilibrium with high output in which financial markets perform well to one in which output declines sharply. The asymmetric information framework explains the patterns in the data and many features of these crises which are otherwise hard to explain. It indicates that financial crises have effects over and above those resulting from bank panics and therefore provides a rationale for an expanded lender-of-last-resort role for the central bank in which the central bank uses the discount window to provide liquidity to sectors outside of the banking system.     

Economic development and financial depth in a model with costly financial intermediation

According to Gurley and Shaw, economic development typically is accompanied by a transition from self-financed to intermediated investment activity. In their account, economic growth stimulates financial market development, and financial market development is a strong contributing factor in enhancing real growth. We model the co-evolution of the real and financial sectors during the growth process. To do so, we embed a role for liquidity provision into a conventional neoclassical growth model. Following Baumol and Tobin, we also introduce a fixed cost associated with “trips to the bank”. We describe conditions under which the development of a financial system may or may not proceed smoothly. When it does not, development traps are observed. We also discuss policy interventions that may reduce the potential for development traps to arise.