共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 0 毫秒
1.
Tiago Santos Telles Ana Julia Righetto Gustavo Vaz da Costa Bruno Volsi José Francirlei de Oliveira 《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(5):338-346
The adoption of conservation agriculture (CA) practices are essential for soil and water conservation. In CA, farmers must adopt no-tillage (NT) with crop rotation to maintain a permanent soil cover. In Brazil, mainly in the South region, for CA to be more efficient, practices such as contour farming and agricultural terraces should also be adopted. Thus, the objective of this study is to determine the extent to which NT has been adopted with crop rotation and others soil and water conservation practices. Data from the Agricultural Census in Paraná State, southern Brazil, were used. For the data analysis, the relationship between the level of adoption of NT and the use of crop rotation, contour farming and agricultural terraces was analyzed. A factor and cluster analysis were performed to distinguish regions in terms of soil and water conservation practices. The results show good overall soil and water conservation practices, although heterogeneity has been observed in the adoption practices between regions. Adoption of NT is high in almost all the studied regions. The conservation practice most widely used with NT is contour farming, whereas the least used is agricultural terraces. Conservation practices for runoff control are being neglected by farmers. 相似文献
2.
泥炭改良盐碱土田间定位试验研究 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
通过对安达市盐碱土改良进行研究,将一定量泥炭施入耕层(0~20cm);试验表明:泥炭在改良盐碱土的理化性质有明显效果:pH值降低;全盐量降低;土壤碱化度(ESP)下降;土壤总碱度(HCO3-与CO32-含量之和)降低;土壤容重下降;土壤有机质有所增加;该盐碱土区的农田作物的增产效果显著,能够促进植物养分吸收,刺激植物生长,提高抗逆性。 相似文献
3.
研究了储备花生油的氧化稳定性及品质变化。结果表明,氮气体系中花生油最稳定,适于推广。氧化变质的花生油中脂肪酸组成总体变化很小,SFA和MUFA的含量稍有增大,PUFA逐渐减少。而添加抗氧化剂有利于提高花生油的稳定性。合成抗氧化剂效果优于天然抗氧化剂,复合抗氧化剂效果优于单一抗氧化剂。 相似文献
4.
From Microlevel Decisions to Landscape Changes: An Assessment of Agricultural Conservation Policies 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
JunJie Wu Richard M. Adams Catherine L. Kling and Katsuya Tanaka 《American journal of agricultural economics》2004,86(1):26-41
The growth in conservation programs has created a need for modeling frameworks capable of measuring microlevel behavioral responses and macrolevel landscape changes. This paper presents an empirical model that predicts farmers' production practices and the resulting levels of agricultural runoffs at more than 42,000 agricultural sites in the upper-Mississippi river basin under alternative conservation policies. Results suggest that payments for conservation tillage and crop rotations increase the use of these conservation practices. However, the acreage response is inelastic and the programs are not likely to be cost effective on their own for addressing hypoxia problem in the Gulf of Mexico. 相似文献
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6.
Efobi Uchenna; 《Agricultural Economics》2024,55(5):714-738
This study investigates the effectiveness of an education intervention that targets low-income farmers regarding the consequences of agricultural burning. Agricultural burning is a major contributor to carbon emissions, second only to those from the energy sector. Using three treatment arms and a control group, I provided rural farmers in Nigeria with information on the social (health impacts, wildfire spread, biodiversity loss) and economic (income implications) consequences of agricultural burning. The third group received information that combined aspects from the first and second treatments, offering a comprehensive view of the effects of agricultural burning. The analysis suggests that exposure to this information prompts farmers to view agricultural burning as unacceptable, reducing their likelihood of engaging in this practice during the upcoming planting season. In addition, exposed farmers demonstrate a higher willingness to pay nominal fees for government services, such as weed disposal. This outcome demonstrates their support for sustainable farming practices, rather than resorting to burning. The influence of economic information is particularly noteworthy; farmers exposed to it demonstrate a higher willingness to pay such fees. Furthermore, the interventions led to a shift in farmers’ perceptions regarding the primary drivers of climate change, with increased recognition of human activity as the dominant factor. The study highlights how the gender of the farmer and their religious beliefs influence attitudes towards environmental protection. Specifically, male and less religious farmers tend to be more responsive to the interventions. These findings provide valuable insights into the effectiveness of “low-cost” educational interventions in promoting sustainable agricultural practices among low-income communities. 相似文献
7.
江西省不同农业土地利用方式对土壤有机碳的影响 总被引:1,自引:1,他引:1
研究目的:研究江西省不同农业土地利用方式下的土壤有机碳含量。研究方法:实地土壤样品采集分析与第二次土壤普查资料相结合、GIS空间插值与比较分析相结合的综合研究方法。研究结果:江西省农业土地利用方式和土壤类型不同,土壤有机碳含量存在较大差异;在农业土地利用方式下表层土壤有机碳含量一般为:菜地稻田有林地旱地土壤荒草地;从第一次土壤普查到2008年稻田土壤有机碳含量逐步提高,而且所有农业土地利用方式下土壤有机碳含量均随土壤深度增加而减少。研究结论:通过农业土地利用管理和土壤管理措施的调整,可以增加土壤有机碳的贮量,提高农田有机碳稳定性,减缓大气中CO2浓度增加。 相似文献
8.
Land Tenure and the Adoption of Conservation Practices 总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7
Meredith J. Soule Abebayehu Tegene & Keith D. Wiebe 《American journal of agricultural economics》2000,82(4):993-1005
We use a logit adoption model with data on 941 U.S. corn producers from the 1996 Agricultural Resource Management Study to analyze the influence of land tenure on the adoption of conservation practices. We extend previous analyses by distinguishing renters according to lease type and by distinguishing practices according to the timing of costs and returns. We find that cash-renters are less likely than owner-operators to use conservation tillage, but share-renters are not. Both cash-renters and share-renters are less likely than owner-operators to adopt practices that provide benefits only over the longer term (grassed waterways, stripcropping, and contour farming). 相似文献
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10.
Julius Manda Arega D. Alene Cornelis Gardebroek Menale Kassie Gelson Tembo 《Journal of Agricultural Economics》2016,67(1):130-153
This paper uses a multinomial endogenous treatment effects model and data from a sample of over 800 households and 3,000 plots to assess the determinants and impacts of adoption of sustainable agricultural practices (SAPs) on maize yields and household incomes in rural Zambia. Results show that adoption decisions are driven by household and plot level characteristics and that the adoption of a combination of SAPs raises both maize yields and incomes of smallholder farmers. Adoption of improved maize alone has greater impacts on maize yields, but given the high cost of inorganic fertiliser that limits the profitability of adoption of improved maize, greater household incomes are associated rather with a package involving SAPs such as maize–legume rotation and residue retention. 相似文献
11.
[目的]为把握热带农产品进口市场格局和供给效率,对中国热带农产品进口的市场竞争关系进行研究。[方法]文章基于1992—2020年中国热带农产品进口贸易数据,以木薯、天然橡胶、咖啡和胡椒为研究对象,运用Rotterdam模型估计测算这4种热带农产品进口市场各来源国的进口需求弹性,实证分析中国热带农产品进口市场格局。[结果](1)中国热带农产品的进口来源较为集中,对泰国、越南、印度尼西亚、马来西亚等东盟国家的进口依赖程度相对较高;(2)木薯主要来源国之间的竞争性不强,中国对木薯有稳定的进口需求和进口来源地;(3)天然橡胶、咖啡和胡椒的进口来源国之间呈现出不同程度的市场竞争关系;(4)未来中国热带农产品进口需求对东盟国家依赖将进一步加深。[结论]中国应充分把握双边贸易关系,重新审视并完善与东盟国家及地区农业国际合作战略,不断促进热带农产品进口来源地和贸易渠道的多元化,以保障热带农产品贸易安全。 相似文献
12.
At the time of post-socialist agricultural transition in Ukraine the focus was on privatisation of land resources, decentralisation and restructuring of the sector. While its impact on agricultural productivity has been thoroughly analysed, there have been few studies addressing the environmental effects of the process. Using the method of document analysis, this paper examines in detail the change in institutions regulating soil protection in agriculture and discusses its implications for the behaviour of agricultural producers and specific soil protection measures applied. The results of analysis suggest that having destroyed the elaborate Soviet soil protection system, Ukraine did not manage to develop a new set of legal rules, nor their enforcement mechanisms, to enable soil protection in the new political and economic setting. This paper discusses the reasons for this institutional failure and provides insights that can be applied to assess the impact of agricultural transition on soils in other countries in Europe and beyond. 相似文献
13.
The current study seeks to assess the private benefits associated with multiple soil conservation practices (MSCPs) by estimating the marginal value of crop production that can be attributed to such practices. In areas where land degradation associated with soil erosion causes serious agri-environmental challenges such as loss of soil fertility, siltation and eutrophication, a multiple approach to soil conservation is neccessary. However, notwithstanding efforts to encourage adoption of such practices, their uptake remains generally low. Analysing the effect of MSCPs on crop productivity is one of the ways through which the incentives for soil conservation can be explored. To achieve the stated objective, the current study applied propensity score matching and exogenous switching regression techniques to cross-sectional data collected from a random sample of farm households located in Lake Naivasha basin, Kenya. Results indicate that there is a significant positive effect of implementing multiple soil conservation practices on crop productivity. However, we note that whether the additional benefits will cover the opportunity costs associated with the implementation of these practices will depend on farm specific attributes such as slope and the soil conservation effort. In cases where marginal benefits are not substantial to cover opportunity costs for implementation of soil conservation practices, intrinsic or external incentives could be necessary. Policy interventions could focus on offering technical assistance to farmers in selecting soil conservation practices that are best suited to their local condition. 相似文献
14.
黄土露天矿区不同复垦年限重构土壤微生物数量差异及其影响因素分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究目的:研究不同复垦年限重构土壤中微生物数量差异及其影响因素,为露天煤矿的土地复垦和生态恢复及管理提供一定的理论依据和指导。研究方法:野外调查与采样、时空替代、单因素方差分析以及冗余分析。研究结果:(1)0~10 cm土层,复垦27年的样地R-27a土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌数量分别达到原地貌3类土壤微生物数量的68.23%、68.81%和70.08%;10~20 cm土层,样地R-27a的3类土壤微生物分别达到原地貌3类土壤微生物数量的70.41%、70.94%和72.07%。不同复垦年限重构土壤0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层的3类土壤微生物数量与原地貌小叶杨林地仍存在显著性差异。(2)通过冗余分析对0~10 cm和10~20 cm土层土壤微生物影响因素分析可得,不同复垦年限样地的重构土壤微生物的受到土壤理化性质影响极大,对0~10 cm和10~20 cm表层重构土壤微生物数量影响最大的土壤物理性质是土壤容重和土壤砾石含量;对表层重构土壤微生物数量影响最大的土壤化学性质是土壤有机质和土壤速效钾。研究结论:从土壤微生物数量的视角来研究矿区重构土壤生态系统的恢复状况,可为矿区生态系统... 相似文献
15.
Verena Preusse;Nils Nölke;Meike Wollni; 《Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie》2024,72(2):167-198
Urban expansion often takes place on the most productive agricultural lands, affecting how the remaining agricultural land is used. Evidence on the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices in urbanizing areas is scarce and mostly based on cross-sectional data. Cross-sectional studies, however, cannot reflect the dynamics of urbanization and adoption. We use household panel data from 2017 and 2020 to analyze the adoption of sustainable agricultural practices among peri-urban farmers in Bangalore, India, a rapidly urbanizing region. We focus on practices for water and erosion management, integrated pest management and soil fertility management, and an integrated package of sustainable practices. Using random effects probit models with the Mundlak approach, we consider various factors besides urbanization, including exposure to weather variability, awareness of climate change, connection with institutional actors, and household and farm characteristics. Results show that urbanization, measured as changes in the percentage of built-up area, reduces the probability that farmers adopt sustainable agricultural practices. Like prior studies, we find that wealth indicators, market access, knowledge of climate change, and rainfall variability facilitate adoption. However, contact with institutional actors largely reduces farmers’ probability of adoption. Policies should promote the integration of sustainable farming technologies at the institutional level and in information and training programs to achieve sustainable intensification of peri-urban agriculture. 相似文献
16.
秸秆覆盖与秸秆翻压还田效果比较 总被引:18,自引:0,他引:18
秸秆覆盖与秸秆翻压还田均可改善土壤理化性状。还田3年.土壤表层(0~10Cm)有机质。覆盖比翻压增加586%;>0.25mm的团聚体、覆盖是翻压的4.7倍;覆盖条件下。土壤N、P。K均有不同程度的增加.而翻压还田土壤中的N大幅度降低;保水效果.覆盖明显优于翻压:覆盖可以控制土壤侵蚀.抑制杂草生长。节省劳动力和能源。 相似文献
17.
Aaron De Laporte;Daniel Schuurman;Tristan Skolrud;Peter Slade;Alfons Weersink; 《Revue canadienne d'agroeconomie》2024,72(3):309-324
Canada's agricultural business risk management (BRM) programs require significant public expenditure, with unclear consequences related to climate change adaptation and mitigation through the adoption of beneficial management practices (BMPs). This study examines the relationship between Canada's current suite of BRM programs and the adoption of practices that mitigate GHG emissions in crop agriculture. We review the impacts of agricultural insurance on climate adaptation and mitigation, identifying impacts on both the intensive and extensive margins of production. We consider five potential program modifications, including: (1) changes in producer insurance premiums in AgriInsurance for the adoption of practices that would decrease the actuarially fair insurance rate if they were properly incorporated in the calculation; (2) dedicated insurance products related to trials of specific BMPs; (3) adjustments to current programs to allow more whole-farm considerations and intercropping; (4) cross-compliance measures on AgriInvest tied to environmental education; and (5) reduced insurance coverage for unfavorable environmental practices. While the effects of these potential modifications remain uncertain, they will drive the data collection process necessary to ensure that Canada's BRM programs play an appropriate role in greenhouse-gas reducing BMP adoption and climate change adaptation and mitigation. 相似文献
18.
《国际农业可持续发展杂志》2013,11(4):292-320
Conservation Agriculture (CA) has been practised for three decades and has spread widely. We estimate that there are now some 106 million ha of arable and permanent crops grown without tillage in CA systems, corresponding to an annual rate of increase globally since 1990 of 5.3 million ha. Wherever CA has been adopted it appears to have had both agricultural and environmental benefits. Yet CA represents a fundamental change in production system thinking. It has counterintuitive and often unrecognized elements that promote soil health, productive capacity and ecosystem services. The practice of CA thus requires a deeper understanding of its ecological underpinnings in order to manage its various elements for sustainable intensification, where the aim is to optimize resource use and protect or enhance ecosystem processes in space and time over the long term. For these reasons CA is knowledge-intensive. CA constitutes principles and practices that can make a major contribution to sustainable production intensification. This, the first of two papers, presents the justification for CA as a system capable of building sustainability into agricultural production systems. It discusses some of CA's major achievable benefits, and presents an overview of the uptake of CA worldwide to 2009. The related paper elaborates the necessary conditions for the spread of CA. 相似文献
19.
菌糠土壤改良剂对滩涂盐碱土壤主要理化性质的影响 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
利用猴头菇菌糠作为土壤的改良剂,将盐碱土壤与猴头菇菌糠按7种不同比例的配比,以纯盐碱土壤作对照,测定主要的理化性质。研究其对滩涂盐碱土壤主要理化性质的影响,从中探索出最佳配比的改良方法。结果表明:(1)添加了菌糠的盐碱土后,物理性质土壤容重变小、孔隙度增大;大多数土粒级在0.20~0.05mm内,占含量的20%以上,达到壤土颗粒含量标准;微团聚体数量增加。(2)添加菌糠的改良后的土壤p H、全盐量均比纯盐碱土明显降低,有机质有含量明显的增加。土壤中有效钾与氮、磷含量均高于对照土壤。其中有效氮和有效磷增幅变化很大,有效钾的增幅平稳。猴头菇菌糠不同的添加量,对盐碱土壤的影响不尽相同。综合不同菌糠添加量改良后的盐碱土壤物理与化学性质的数据,确定最佳改良配方为盐碱土与菌糠的比例1:3。 相似文献
20.
[目的]蘑菇圈真菌是草原生态系统的重要组成部分,作为分解者参与草原生态系统的物质循环与能量流动,也是重要的生物多样性资源,具有重要的食用及药用价值。文章梳理了涉及草原蘑菇圈特征、机理和影响等研究文献,总结了近年来的研究成果,提出了今后研究设想,为后续研究提供一定的参考。[方法]按照“蘑菇圈分布、类型、机制以及其对植物、土壤和微生物的作用”这一逻辑,以文献综述法对相关文献进行综述。[结果]通过对现有国内外文献进行系统梳理,总结了草原蘑菇圈的类型和分布,蘑菇圈发育的生理生态学机理,蘑菇圈对牧草产量和品质的影响以及其对土壤理化性质和土壤微生物的影响。[结论]蘑菇圈是植物,土壤和真菌/微生物三者之间相互作用的结果,蘑菇圈真菌直接或间接改变了土壤理化性质,微生物群落及酶活性,并可通过化感作用或与植物间形成菌根/寄生关系,其分泌物或裂解后的产物刺激植物生长或杀灭植物,从而促进或抑制植物生长。 相似文献