The Uses of Business History: A Contribution to the Discussion

This article relates the managerial enterprise (a firm in which decisions as to current production and distribution and allocation of resources for future production and distribution are made by salaried managers with little or no equity in the firms they operate in) to competitive success in the new capital-intensive industries that began to appear in the United States and Western Europe after the completion of modern transportation and communication networks. It begins by examining the reasons for the rapid rise of managerial firms in these industries, the global oligopolistic competition that ensued, and the organisational capabilities such competition engendered. It then reviews the competitive performance of such firms in global markets in chemicals, metals, electrical equipment, and heavy and light machinery in the early years of the century, motor vehicles in the inter-war years, and computers and semiconductors after World War II. These managerial firms grew by moving into foreign or related product markets. World War I, the Great Depression and World War II held back the full competitive impact of such growth until the 1960s. The response of US industrial firms to this intensive international, inter-industry competition of the 1960s brought unprecedented changes on the competitive capabilities of US managerial enterprises in such capital-intensive industries.     

Dwijendra Tripathi. The Oxford History of Indian Business

Dwijendra Tripathi has provided an invaluable service to scholarsand practitioners in business management, history, and socialsciences with his book, The Oxford History of Indian Business.Tripathi is considered to be the founder of the field of businesshistory (with an emphasis on all facets of this history includingpolitics, economics, and society) in India. His tenureship atthe Indian Institute of Management, Ahmedabad led to the adoptionof an academic and research program in business     

中国商业史述评——兼论对商业模式研究的启示

本文阐述了商业的起源及商业的内涵,对中国商业发展的历史进行了述评以及对商业模式研究的启示:商业模式研究可以从宏观、中观、微观三个层次展开;商业模式研究既要见物,又要见人;影响商业运作模式的因素是多元的,要在具体的背景下进行讨论,可以从内涵与外延两个方面来考虑。     

The End of History, Specters of Marx and Business Ethics

More often than not, business ethics textbooks have included sections on "the great economic debate," that is, the discussion of capitalism as a total system, of the criticisms against it and of the proposed alternatives. The reason for such sections is fairly obvious: at some point one has to consider whether or not all the particular problems of employment, of product quality, of environment, of regulation and so on prove beyond solution without a radical change in the basic institutions of society. Since the collapse of real socialism as an alternative in the period 1989–1991, it has become increasingly difficult to have this discussion. Yet we cannot do without the critique of capitalism even if the answer may be that no other economic system is viable at this moment in history. My interest in this paper is to explore how we might now engage in this critique. Francis Fukuyama's "The End of History?" (1989) and Jacques Derrida's Specters of Marx: The State of the Debt, the Work of Mourning and the New International (1993) provide a framework for this renewed engagement.     

Science and Technology in British Business History

This essay provides a comparative perspective on the process of financial reconstruction and industrial reorganisation in the large-firm sector in inter-war Sweden and the UK. The behaviour of private banks is analysed during a period when their bargaining power is likely to have been transferred from the distressed firm to any of the external investors. In the UK and Sweden investors have traditionally been viewed as having respectively an arm's length approach towards industry and a control-oriented one. The hypothesis here is that the two financial systems were more similar than has conventionally been assumed. Besides protecting their claims, creditors in both countries became involved in the rationalisation of production which followed. This empirical study is limited to 24 large firms. However, the evidence suggests that whilst the Swedish system contained elements of the arm's length approach, the British investor's involvement in industrial transformation featured elements of control-orientation.     

An Introduction to Archival Research in Business History

In an endeavour to encourage the use of archival resources in business history research, this article indicates which repositories contain the most useful collections of relevant records, explains why these documents are of such importance, assesses their strengths and weaknesses for historical investigation, and suggests the types of question each collection is most suited to address. It also tries to ease the pain of using these repositories by outlining what finding aids are available and suggesting any short cuts or necessary preliminary steps to their successful use. Finally it offers some ideas of organisations which exist, in part, to help the researcher locate papers on specific topics or firms.     

氯化苄下游产品开发建议

介绍氯化苄国内外消费结构,建议开发苯乙酸邻苯二甲酸丁苄酯和苯甲醛。     

Business Ethics and The History of Economics in Spain "The School of Salamanca: A Bibliography"

The name "School of Salamanca" refers to a group of theologians and natural law philosophers who taught in the University of Salamanca, following the inspiration of the great Thomist Francisco de Vitoria. It turns out that the Scholastics were not simply medieval, but began in the 13th century and expanded through the 16th and 17th centuries; and they developed some original theories about economics and international law.Why should a few men mainly interested in theology and ethics apply themselves in analyzing issues so far from their worries? The answer leads us to a revision of the morality rules, due to the new problems in business ethics. Thus, for example, the appearance of inflation made them have doubts about the merchant's morality. In order to solve this and other problems, they began to analyze the new and suspicious economic activity. As a result of their observations about ethical issues they discovered some advanced theories for the history of economic thought, such as the early formulation of the quantity theory of money.In this article, we shall review the Spanish bibliography on this matter, to introduce the reader to a new and historical perspective of business ethics in Spain.     

The Business of Economics is Business

Advances in the subject have greatly developed the ways in which economists within a business can contribute to stategic decisions. Unilver is a case in point. The two keys to the change in the role of industrial economists have been the prevalence of strongly contested global oligopoly markets of the kind Unilver faces, and developments in the application of game theory. Economists still have to tread carefully inside companies and combine with other skills and especially with the decision-takers. Four examples are given of the contribution economists can make and should be making.