Stimulating Government Technology Commercialization: A Marketing Perspective for Technology Transfer

ABSTRACT

Federal legislation in the United States mandates that technology developed by federal government agencies must demonstrate socioeconomic benefits to justify the expenditure of funds as part of their fiduciary capacity. The mandate is operationalized by requiring federally funded agencies to seek socioeconomic benefits for the nation by developing programs designed to transfer government sponsored or developed technologies to the private sector. This mandate has led to substantial increase in the amount of technology transfer efforts by agencies, with limited results. Challenges include both the recruitment of firms to participation in technology transfer programs and weak efforts by recruited firms to fully commercialize products. This article posits that a marketing exchange approach to technology transfer will facilitate successful technology transfer and commercialization. A conceptual framework is presented from which to view government technology transfer efforts.     

企业财务预警系统构建研究

以现金流量为核心的短期财务预警指标体系,提出了滚动现金预算的短期定量预警方法,从定性、定量、定性与定量相结合三方面阐述企业长期财务预警方法,将财务分析方法沃尔比重评分法应用到财务预警领域,使其成为一种定性与定量相结合的财务预警方法。     

我国对外贸易与污染产业转移的实证分析

通过对我国工业制品对外贸易的定量分析,本文发现我国主要专业化于低污染型产品的生产,在污染密集型产品生产方面并不具有比较优势,而且在我国污染密集型产品贸易中进口大于出口,属于净进口型贸易,因此我国不会成为发达国家的“污染避难所”。     

知识产权保护、技术创新与技术转移——基于全球价值链分工的视角

本文在全球价值链分工视角下构建了分析知识产权保护制度与技术创新、技术转移和劳动力工资之间相互关系与作用机制的基本框架,并且利用2003-2012年美国在亚太地区和拉丁美洲26个国家的跨国公司面板数据进行了经验验证。结果表明:(1)当知识产权保护提高时,高质量产品的创新成功率将会得到一定时期的增加。(2)当知识产权保护提高时,拥有高质量产品的全球价值链链主更愿意将生产制造部分放置于成本较低的发展中国家,从而增加技术转移的可能性。(3)当知识产权保护提高时,链主所在的发达国家与成本较低的发展中国家之间的工资差距会缩小。     

弱势并购逆向技术转移的融合管理思维研究综论

跨国并购是技术寻求型对外直接投资的主要方式,与发达国家跨国公司的强势并购不同,我国技术寻求型跨国并购整体上属于弱势并购,子强母弱,母子公司之间逆向技术转移面临着子公司转移动机意愿不强、母公司吸收管控能力较弱的制约。在这种条件下,我们必须变强势并购的整合思维为融合思维,养成学习的心态,坚持以人为本,实行本土化管理,谋取技术与市场的协同效应,从而促进和实现母子公司之间的逆向技术转移。本文综述这方面的相关论点,并进行评论。     

信息技术行业企业规模与技术创新关系的实证研究

企业规模是影响技术创新的一个重要因素,研究企业规模与技术创新之间的关系,对国家制定正确的产业政策,具有十分重要的意义。文章结合信息技术行业应用方差分析对企业规模与技术创新之间的关系进行实证研究,实证结果表明：在信息技术行业,企业规模对技术创新具有显著性的影响,中小企业的技术创新水平要大于大规模企业的技术创新水平。因此,应加大对信息技术行业中小企业技术创新的扶持力度,以促进我国整体技术创新水平的提高。     

Financing High Technology Startups in Belgium: An Explorative Study

The results of an explorative study on the financing of 18 high technology Belgian startups are reported. On a counts basis, the most important sources of financing at the startup are the entrepreneurs and the banks, but the sources that provide the largest amounts of funds are the venture capital companies and private investors. Private investors and venture capitalists have a complementary role, with the former investing mostly at the startup and the latter financing the early growth. The role of the government, universities and other companies is limited.     

Adoption of Mobile Internet Services: An Exploratory Study of Mobile Commerce Early Adopters

The extent to which investment in information technology (IT) is related to organizational performance and productivity remains an open question in the minds of managers responsible for such investment decisions. Most past research into this relation has been based on cross-sectional analyses of 1-year periods. Attempts to determine relations between IT investment and the associated effect of that investment in such short periods have resulted in mostly mixed or negative findings. This study is thought to be the first to apply a multiyear, cross-sectional analysis. In the research, covering a 3-year period and involving firm-level data for a broad cross-section of U.S. industry, we found positive relations between higher levels of IT investment and selected measures representing organizational performance and productivity. These results, being based on multiyear analysis, are thought to be an important contribution in view of the fact that much of the existing literature in the area has failed to explain conclusively the economic impact of IT investment on organizational performance and productivity.     

技术资本与企业价值关系探析

技术资本是提升企业价值的重要生产要素。在其他资本一定的前提下,企业价值取决于技术资本的生成与运营状况,主要体现在技术资本能够提高企业获取行业及内部超额收益的能力,有助于维持并延长超额盈利的期间;技术资本的风险管理可以降低资本成本,科学合理地确认技术资本价值可以提高账面价值,促进技术转化还有助于提前获取收益;此外,与技术资本生成有关的变量如技术的转化时间、转化风险、转化投入、技术资本利用效率,与企业价值之间亦存在一定的动态函数关系。     

国有企业控制权转移对企业风险承担的影响

在混合所有制改革中,国有企业控制权转移对企业行为和绩效有着重要的影响.合理的风险承担对促进企业自身成长和宏观经济活力具有积极的意义.本文基于2003-2016年中国A股上市公司数据,构建多时点双重差分模型检验国有企业控制权转移对企业风险承担的影响及其机制.结果 发现,国有企业控制权转移显著抑制了企业风险承担;第二类代理问题越严重,国有企业控制权转移对企业风险承担的抑制效应越明显,表明国有企业控制权转移通过控制权私利机制抑制了企业风险承担;进一步的异质性分析表明,股权制衡程度和机构持股比例越高以及地区法治水平和市场化程度越高,国有企业控制权转移对企业风险承担的抑制效应越弱.本文研究为理解国有企业控制权转移的经济效应提供了新的经验证据.优化内外部公司治理环境可以缓解国有企业控制权转移后企业过度规避风险倾向,提高企业风险承担水平.     

区域科技金融支持科技创新的实证研究——以广东省为例

近年来,广东省科技创新能力突飞猛进,区域科技创新能力稳居全国第一,这离不开科技金融体系的大力支持。本文利用广东省2000—2018年数据,构建了VAR模型并进行脉冲响应函数分析与方差分解,研究了科技金融体系对科技创新能力的支持作用。结果表明,政府、企业、资本市场对科技创新支持作用较显著,金融机构贷款一定程度上阻碍了科技创新。广东省只有加快完善并充分利用科技金融体系,才能促进科技创新能力的稳步提高。     

中国税负转嫁模式创新初探

税负转嫁,就其内涵而言,就是指纳税人承担的税负转由负税人承担的过程,是同价格密切相联,也是对税负及国民收入再分配的价值转移过程.那么,税收杠杆调节和干预经济是否包括政府主动利用税负转嫁机制调节生产、流通和消费,更好地发挥税收的宏观调控作用呢?     

代际差异视域下的农村劳动力转移影响动因研究——基于微观数据的实证分析

本文利用重庆市1210份样本调查数据,通过二元Logistic回归分析重点计量收入预期、职业预期、情感预期及城市融入预期等因素对农村劳动力城乡转移意愿的代际影响.研究结果发现,除收入预期外,非收入预期中的职业预期、情感预期和城市融入预期对农村劳动力转移意愿的影响均存在代际差异.利用均方差法对各影响因素进行权重测度发现,老一代农村劳动力最关注的是经济收入,其次是情感预期,职业预期位列最后;新生代农村劳动力最关注的因素依次为情感预期、收入预期、城市融入预期和职业预期.     

我国营销学界理论研究主题重心的形成——基于学术论文的内容分析

我国营销学从引进到创新发展已经经历了30年的理论演进过程.本文以1994~2008年期间我国12本重要核心学术期刊刊载的348篇主要营销研究论文为依据,采用结构化的聚类和内容分析的方法,对我国营销学界理论研究的阶段性演进及其主题重心的形成进行了梳理,发现我国营销学界理论研究在经历了高科技产业(产品)营销、绿色营销、知识营销、网络营销、体验营销、全球营销等阶段性主题重心之后,正逐渐聚焦到品牌管理、关系营销、营销渠道、消费者行为、服务营销等理论主题,并分析了我国营销学主题研究的现状及趋势.     

Mid-America Parts Company: An E-Commerce Case Study of a Successful International Small-Medium-Sized Enterprise (SME)

ABSTRACT

Mid-America Parts Company (MAPC) is a small U.S. firm located in the Midwest specializing in supplying heavy earthmoving equipment parts worldwide. In the mid-1990s the company began to experience challenges maintaining quality assurance while meeting a broad base of global customer parts needs at a profitable level. In the later half of the 1990s, the company initiated the use of a computer-based system to supply parts more efficiently to their customers. After numerous iterations, in 2000, Mid-America Parts Company finally established a customer data entry system that ensured ease of customer use while maintaining quality assurance. An important outcome of these efforts was enhanced customer relationships. This case study describes the company as it has successfully progressed along that path and identifies current issues yet to be addressed including the networking of both suppliers and customers. This paper includes questions related to reinforcing global customer relationship management (CRM) while pressing for the needs of efficiency gained from advanced computer technology. The information has been collected through site visits (2003 and 2004) in addition to traditional information-gathering methods. Although the company name and names of individuals have been changed, the specifics of the case are true as concerns the actual experience of this small-medium-sized enterprise (SME).     

跨国公司生产转移与东道国技术选择——基于创新与模仿的理论模型

跨国公司生产转移带来的技术转移将导致发展中东道国技术进步,这种技术进步以创新-模仿-再创新-再模仿的演变路径进行.发达国家创新率增长促进了跨国化率和南方模仿率增长,而南方模仿率增长又降低了北方跨国化率,从而降低了南方FDI流入量或FDI撤出南方,因此,北方跨国化率和南方模仿率最终将趋于稳态均衡.为了最优化模仿行为,南方将选择技术含量适宜的新产品进行模仿.政策含义是,当南北方技术差距较大时,南方没有必要实施严格的知识产权保护:当南北方技术差距相对较小时,南方才有必要在知识产权保护方面作出努力,以保证北方的跨国化率不降低.     

企业价值网络竞争优势的内生性阐释:知识管理

企业价值网络是核心能力和异质资源的强化平台、调整平台和保护平台。通过达到以认同为基础的信任,减少网络的交易成本,这是价值网络提高客户价值让渡效率的重要原因。在组织学习的社会化、外在化、组合化和内在化过程中,价值网络具备良好的沟通结构,能够从战略高度对整个网络的知识分配加以规划、管理,提高了学习效率。价值网络竞争优势源于其内生的知识管理优势。