On the joint effect of technological and management innovations on performance: increasing or diminishing returns?

Most studies on innovation are aimed at covering technological innovation, neglecting other modes of innovation based on non-technological drivers. The latter, referred to as management innovation, consists of the implementation of new management practices, processes or organisational tasks. This work advances knowledge on the topic by exploring the joint effect of simultaneously introducing technological and management innovations on performance. Based on an analysis of 12,563 Spanish firms drawn from CIS data, our findings suggest that firms frequently pursue the simultaneous or joint introduction of both technological and management innovations and that integration impacts positively on a firm’s performance, evidencing an inverted U-shape that suggest positive but diminishing returns. A theoretical framework using the capability-based view embraces the emerging conversation on management innovation issues and its relationship with the well-researched technological one.     

工程科学技术中项目管理软件核心技术的哲学解读

阐述了项目管理软件工程的定位和项目管理软件的科学认知结构,在此基础上,阐述了项目管理软件的核心技术在科学、科学技术和工程方面的哲学问题,并对之作了简要的哲学反思。     

Boulding Among the Structuralists

The character of structuralism is given as studies of systems of perception wherein the author interposes in organizing element between observation and perception. The organizing element for Piaget is the cognitive structure, for Foucault the epistime, for Kuhn the paradigm, for Solo ideology, and for Boulding the image. The idea and significance of “the image” in Boulding's book The Imageis analyzed and the place of that work in Boulding's grand project, to create a universal science, is indicated.     

从技术知识观到技术演化观:一种新的分析范式

技术知识观是目前技术分析的主流范式,但仍有不少严重缺陷。技术演化观虽然还有诸多分歧和争论,却已经表现出强大的理论整合力和现实解释力,也直接契合了自然科学革命性的进展和哲学的发展方向,主流分析范式从技术知识观转变为技术演化观是理论发展的必然趋势。     

IT企业知识经营的战略构建与评估

自从知识经济概念提出以来,知识管理和知识经营已经成为一门科学,正在向知识系统工程和知识科学发展,而知识经营也已经被很多企业作为21世纪企业发展的制胜之道而纳入战略规划。由于信息技术革新速度的日渐加快,知识经营在IT企业更是起着举足轻重的作用,必须加以整体规划。从平衡计分卡的4个视角出发,提出了一种新的IT企业知识经营的战略构建和评估方法,旨在为IT企业实施和评估知识经营战略提供参考。     

大数据背景下科技型中小企业社会资本对动态能力的影响

基于大数据背景探讨了科技型中小企业社会资本对动态能力的影响,构建了社会资本—知识共享—动态能力理论模型。利用SPSS和Amos软件进行实证分析后发现,知识共享在社会资本与技术动态能力之间起完全中介作用,知识共享在认知资本和市场动态能力之间及关系资本与市场动态能力之间起完全中介作用,知识共享在结构资本和市场动态能力之间起部分中介作用。根据上述结论,提出相关建议。     

跨界搜寻如何促进企业管理创新——认知柔性与吸收能力的作用

跨界搜寻作为企业突破思维定式、激励创新的关键力量,得到学界越来越多的关注。同时,认知柔性作为推动企业成长的重要因素,在跨界搜寻促进管理创新过程中起承上启下的作用。因此,基于开放式创新理论,从跨界搜寻视角出发,对认知柔性与管理创新影响机理进行探讨,并收集287份样本数据进行实证研究。结果显示：科技驱动型与市场驱动型跨界搜寻对探索式和利用式管理创新均具有正向影响;认知柔性在跨界搜寻与管理创新间具有中介效应;吸收能力正向调节跨界搜寻与认知柔性的关系。     

Management of collaborative research: collaboration and exploitation under the UK's information engineering advanced technology programme

An evaluation of a large government-supported programme of research in information technology has enabled a detailed analysis to be made of motives, participant characteristics, management styles and exploitation routes in a large number of collaborative research projects. One particularly successful collaborative structure is discussed in detail. The analysis also highlights a series of issues which must be addressed by programme adminstrators, including the need to strike a balance between rigidity and flexibility in the definition and management of collaborative research programmes.     

知识型老年员工人力资本异质性对其再职业选择影响研究

以研究型大学的知识型老年员工为对象,运用多元logit回归模型分析了知识型老年员工人力资本异质性对其退休后再职业选择的影响。研究发现：随着专业技术水平的提升,老年员工更容易获得外单位的青睐,因而他们倾向于选择就职新单位而非继续供职原单位;受教育水平的提高有助于他们从事稳定的工作而非选择创业。在学科背景上,拥有理工科背景的知识型老年员工倾向于选择创业,而拥有社会科学背景的知识型老年员工更愿意供职原单位。此外,知识型老年男性倾向于选择创业,而女性更倾向于选择供职原单位。年龄的增长为知识型老年员工带来了经验、技术的积累,有助于其选择创业和就职新单位。最后,根据实证分析结果,提出了相应对策建议。     

德育工作者思维预见力的培养探析

面对复杂多变、动态发展的社会现实和人的思想,为了取得德育工作的主动权、增强德育工作的针对性和实效性,德育工作者应培养自己的思维预见力,明确使命,增强忧患意识,加强理论修养,不断拓宽自己的知识面,加强调查研究,运用科学思维方法,科学把握事物的规律性和趋势。     

UP IN STEM,DOWN IN BUSINESS: CHANGING COLLEGE MAJOR DECISIONS WITH THE GREAT RECESSION

We use the American Community Survey (ACS) to investigate the extent to which college major decisions were affected during and after the Great Recession with special attention to business and science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields, as well as the heterogeneity across demographic groups. Several conclusions are reached. First, the Great Recession increased the frequency of STEM majors but decreased the frequency of business majors. Second, the increase for STEM fields spreads across several detailed STEM majors, while the decrease in business majors is especially concentrated among finance and management. Third, we find strong heterogeneous effects of the Great Recession by gender and race/ethnicity. (JEL I20, J24)     

技术管理研究的分布特征——整体观视角

以Web of Science数据库收录的发表于2006—2015年的808篇技术管理文献为研究样本,通过文献计量分析了技术管理研究的学科分布、学术期刊分布、地区分布、研究机构分布和高产学者分布,并通过绘制技术管理关键词共现知识图谱分析了当前技术管理研究领域分布。结果表明:整体观视角下的技术管理研究呈现出多学科交叉的特征,以管理理论为支撑、基于运营管理视角进行分析、在商业领域进行应用是当前技术管理研究的主流范式;技术管理的研究力量主要以发达国家为主,但开始向中国、南非和巴西等新兴经济体国家转移;整体观视角下,技术管理研究领域主要包括技术管理内涵研究、技术管理工具研究、技术管理教育研究、技术知识管理研究、创新管理研究和特定领域     

Innovation forecasting: A case study of the management of engineering and technology literature

The following paper contributes to the methodology of innovation forecasting. The paper analyzes the literature of engineering and technology management. A brief history and justification for interest in engineering and technology management is presented. The field has a sixty year history of interdisciplinary, and is therefore a ripe source for closer investigation into time trends of knowledge. The paper reviews the literature of innovation forecasting, examining a range of theoretical and methodological literatures interested in the evolution of knowledge. A new application of a model, suitable for sparse and count-like publication data, is presented. A mathematical presentation of the model is offered. A discussion is offered on how the model may be implemented in an approachable way within spreadsheet software. A time history of engineering management literature is extracted from a database and analyzed using the model. A projection of keyword growth is offered, and key features of the emerging knowledge base within engineering management are discussed. Recommendations for future research, as well as for those monitoring the status of the discipline of engineering management, are made.     

管理类和技术类知识员工绩效特征的实证解析

本文基于已有的研究成果,利用百余家企业605名知识员工的问卷调查资料,采用实证研究的方法深入剖析了管理类知识员工和技术类知识员工的岗位绩效特征的异同。本文的研究结论有利干针对两类知识员工岗位绩效的共性与个性特征进行分类考评,从而取得理想的管理效果。     

从学科会聚机制看跨学科科技创新团队建设

学科会聚的本质是以人为载体的不同学科的知识、组织、思维模式、价值观的会聚。基于学科会聚的机制,认为在跨学科科技创新团队建设中,既有团队内部的知识、思维模式、价值观等方面的交叉障碍,也存在外部环境的体制、机制、激励和评价等诸多方面的制约。为此,从团队自身和外部政策、环境等方面提出了若干对策建议。     

Science studies: a guide for strategic management

The paper describes and discusses the current state of science studies research and its linkages to other fields, such as applied policy and management. It is argued that science studies is differentiated into science and technology studies, and science and technology policy research; and that these are twin interdisciplinary area of research in which a whole range of social scientists, as well as historians and philosophers are involved. The high degree of interdisciplinarity makes the field peculiarly difficult to categorize simply. Nevertheless, it is suufficiently mature and focused to be an established academic field in its own right; it possesses its own journal structure, specialized institutions, national and international professional associations, and teaching programmes. Research in science studies is potentially applicable-especially in the longer term-for policy-makers in the public and private sectors, as well as for public interest groups. However, the need to bridge a perched gap between acadmic studies and the needs of policy-makers is highlighted. Finally, a listing of emerging issues in the field is provided.     

上好《管理学》课的几点思考

《管理学》是所有管理类专业必学的一门基础课程,如何上好《管理学》是所有从事一线教学工作者所面临的共同问题。要教好管理学,关键是完成两项任务,即理论知识的传授与管理思维的培养。而要实现上述目标,就必须将传授式教学法与体验式教学法有机地结合起来。     

大型公益建设项目全寿命集成管理模式研究

本文将项目管理的三维结构体系和项目环境进行综合研究,结合大型公益建设项目管理系统的内涵和特点,构建大型公益建设项目集成管理的系统模型。在以实现大型公益建设项目整体目标和整个系统最优化的前提下。根据系统工程理论和战略管理理论,形成时间维——项目全寿命周期过程集成、逻辑维——项目管理要素集成、知识维——项目管理知识和技术的三维系统和项目内外环境要素共同形成的大型公益建设项目管理空间结构。并对管理体系的运行机理及支撑条件进行阐述。     

PRIVATIZATION IN CHINA: TECHNOLOGY AND GENDER IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR

This paper examines the impact of privatization on gender discrimination in China across firms with different technology intensities. Using a comprehensive firm‐level survey, the paper identifies gender wage‐productivity differentials by directly estimating the relative productivity levels of workers from the production function of firms. The panel structure of the survey is taken advantage of by following firms that were fully state‐owned in the initial year, and distinguishing them from firms that were later privatized. The main results show that privatization was associated with an increase in relative productivity of female workers in high technology industries, and a reduction in relative productivity of female workers in low technology industries. Time varying coefficient results suggest that the improvements in gender outcomes in high technology industries may not be maintained in the long run as the relative wage and productivity ratios tend to deteriorate, potentially due to low supply of highly educated female workers. At the same time, outcomes in privatized low technology industries increase over time, lowering the wage and productivity gaps between male and female workers. (JEL J16, J31, P20)