合法转让权是农民财产性收入的基础——成都市农村集体土地流转的调查研究

建立在完整财产权基础上的土地流转是提高农民收入、统筹城乡发展的关键之一,而合法转让权则是财产权的核心。通过对近年来成都市农村土地在确权后进行合法流转的大量案例进行调查研究发现,建立在合法转让权基础上的土地流转,可以为农民带来可观的收入,而农民收益的高低与其获得的财产权利强弱紧密相关。政府应该在界定和保护产权的同时,打破城乡要素流动壁垒,逐渐从直接参与土地交易中抽身而出,完成向"公共服务提供者"角色的转变。在农地确权的基础上进行的集体土地流转,可以提高农民财产性收入,为统筹城乡发展奠定基础。     

绿洲城市土地利用变化驱动机制分析——以新疆奎屯市为例

绿洲城市土地利用变化驱动机制的研究对于揭示其土地利用变化的原因、内部机制、基本过程以及优化都起着至关重要的作用。本文借用主成分法,从自然和人为两个角度对新疆典型绿洲城市奎屯市的土地利用变化驱动机制进行深入探讨,最终得出:自然因素和人为因素中的经济技术因子、政策制度因子是奎屯市土地利用变化的主导驱动因素,它们直接或间接地制约和影响着研究区域的土地质量、土地利用数量、土地利用结构及土地利用程度的变化。     

略论景区土地资源发展权的发展趋势——以银山塔林景区为研究对象

本文从实际研究对象出发,对银山塔林景区的土地资源管理问题进行了初步的探讨,随后介绍并引入了土地发展权。在此基础上,讨论了景区集体所有的土地资源实现土地发展权的具体内容,认为农用地用途变化、农村土地置换与农村土地整理、农村土地征收是未来实现景区土地发展权的可能之处。     

东莞市产业结构与土地利用结构的相关性研究

经过改革开放后三十多年的发展,东莞市已经成长为典型的劳动密集型的制造业城市。城市在不断地发展,土地资源的有限性与社会经济发展的矛盾日益突出,使得东莞市的产业结构和土地利用结构与改革开放初期时的状态有明显不同。本文通过分析该市2005-2012年间产业结构和土地利用结构的数据及相关性,进一步理清两者之间的关系,并依此提出如何优化东莞市产业结构,提高土地利用效率的建议。     

规范农村土地流转 保护农民合法权益

如何解决土地规模经营与分散的家庭土地使用制度的矛盾,是农村改革与发展中亟待解决的重大问题。农村土地的合法有序流转有利于农村产业结构的调整,有利于促进农村经济的快速健康发展和农村社会的和谐稳定。     

再议土地权益制度

国有土地所有权、集体土地所有权两元制体系的不合理性,土地所有权与使用权分离的不科学性,土地使用权淹没所有权,所有权主体不明、权益被弱化、经济价值被贬化,集体土地征收过程中不平等、不公正性导致农民失地、失业、失生存,严重损害了集体土地所有权权益。架构主权—发展权—所有权—建设权—租赁权一元土地权益体系,发挥土地权能,保障土地权益。     

浅议温州转变经济发展方式的对策

温州经济在国内外经济形势变化的压力下陷入困境,止步不前,先发优势丧失,固有劣势彰显,区域经济面临着严峻挑战。面对困境温州经济发展应该直面危机,从根本上转变经济发展方式,以转型创新为主线,立足区域开放促进产业结构提升,改革土地和人才使用政策,促进传统产业升级,健全投融资体制,提高政府运行效率,挖掘自身潜力努力实现经济社会发展模式的转型和经济发展方式的转变,实现温州经济社会发展的新跨越。     

戎市边缘区耕地保护决策分析——以重庆市江北区双溪村为例

双溪村将全村土地集体流转给重庆双溪新农村建设有限公司,由该公司对土地进行规划管理,实现了耕地保护由个体农户分散保护到集体经济组织集中保护的转变。当地政府和“双溪公司”很好协调了土地流转中私人决策与社会决策的矛盾,实现了耕地保护外部性的内部化,有效保护了现有耕地。但土地利用社会决策过程中,也存在政府其他政策目标与耕地保护政策目标的冲突和土地利用规划与新农村规划缺少有效衔接等问题。     

农户土地流转行为对土地利用变化的影响——以浙江省龙游县为例

本文从农户的角度出发,在理论分析和基层调研基础上,建立了反映影响农户土地流转行为的各个相关因素和土地利用变化之间关系的计量回归模型,发现农户现有农用地面积、农地流转率、农产品销售率和农户家庭非农收入占总收入的比例这四个因素显著影响着土地利用变化,从而提出了相应的建议。     

新型城镇化视角下韶关市土地利用问题研究

新型城镇化是中国应对"中等收入陷阱"的重要战略。本文探讨了新型城镇化的内涵,分析了新型城镇化对土地利用的要求,指出新型城镇化道路是资源集约条件下的城镇化,必须节约集约利用土地资源,科学制定城镇发展战略。分析了韶关市城镇化发展特征,指出了城镇化过程中存在的问题。分析了韶关市土地利用现状,研究了城镇化进程中的土地利用问题。基于上述研究,分类提出了有针对性的政策建议。研究成果对于韶关市新型城镇化发展,节约集约利用土地资源,促进区域经济社会可持续发展具有重要的意义。     

论土地年租制适用的制度架构——以土地年租制和土地出让制比较为视角

土地有偿使用是我国国有土地制度改革的一个基本目标,单一的土地出让制度已经无法适应国有土地有偿使用改革的要求。土地出让制和土地年租制并非天生的对立派,两者各有不同的功能机制和适用范围,都是国有土地有偿使用的重要形式。我国内地应当借鉴我国香港地区的成功经验,实行土地出让制和土地年租制并存的“混合体制”,积极有效推进国有土地有偿使用制度的改革。     

Local land supply and fiscal incentives for R&D: Evidence from a quasi-natural experiment in China

Whereas numerous studies have evaluated the effects of public research and development (R&D) support programs and R&D tax incentives on private R&D, little is known about local governments' fiscal incentives for R&D. In this study, we build a conceptual framework to clarify the critical role of local land supply in relation to fiscal expenditure on R&D. We treat the establishment of China's nine Land Supervision Bureaus in 2006 as a quasi-natural experiment, and run a difference-in-differences regression to identify causality. The results show that local governments allocate more fiscal expenditure to R&D in response to land-use supervision, which monitors illegal land granting behaviors, and this effect is stronger in cities where leaders have higher political career incentives and cities with greater fiscal decentralization. Moreover, we find that land-use supervision increases the probability and scale of firms' access to government subsidies for R&D; thus, enhancing regional innovation capacity. Our findings document that China's land resource is a curse for its innovation-driven growth as it impedes local governments' fiscal incentives for R&D.     

The utilisation of engineering services bulk infrastructure components in integrated development planning

In practice, infrastructure planning has generally tended to follow land-use planning, with infrastructure costs seeming to play no role in the generation of land-use strategies. To address this problem, a bulk infrastructure cost model has been developed to provide a tool for planners to ensure the incorporation of bulk infrastructure capacity and cost considerations into the early, land suitability assessment phase of the integrated development planning process. The output of the model is in the form of potential cost contours, which facilitates the relative comparison of infrastructure costs for different density scenarios. Bulk engineering services infrastructure relating to water, sanitation and electricity has been included in the model. The theoretical underpinning of the model is threshold analysis, and the three essential elements are threshold, density and cost. They are incorporated into the model through capacity analysis. The set density levels convert into the number of additional person units required which, in turn, is translated into infrastructure capacity demand. Existing infrastructure network and facility design capacities are compared with the current utilisation of infrastructure in order to quantify the capacity supply situation. The comparison of capacity demand with capacity supply determines whether or not additional infrastructure is required. If infrastructure is required, the required infrastructure investment is calculated. The resulting relative costs are mapped and incorporated into a wider land suitability assessment model. Infrastructure costs vary with location according to local land use, geotechnical, environmental and built conditions, making the role of the geographic information system in the model appropriate and important.     

Permanent land-use rights and endowment insurance: Chinese evidence of the substitution effect

This paper studies the substitution effect of permanent land-use rights on endowment insurance in China. We first explain the rationality using an overlapping-generations model with heterogeneous households possessing land-use rights or not, and find that economic agents profiting from land in the latter stage of their life tend to save less for retirement than their land-deprived counterparts. Empirical evidence from village-clustered Chinese survey data on rural households supports this finding, locating a significant negative effect of land on social and commercial endowment insurance purchase. Apart from the important policy implication of compensating land-deprived farmers with insurance, our theoretical and empirical models both yield unexpected informing findings.     

省域土地利用效率空间差异分析——以重庆市为例

省域土地利用效率的评估是当前进行国土规划的必要环节,它旨在探明省域国土开发程度的空间差异,对于合理规划国土空间、节约集约利用土地资源、推进主体功能区形成具有重要参考价值。文章以重庆市的研究为例,采用SPSS统计分析软件的主成分分析方法和GIS的空间聚类方法,对包括人口、经济、社会、土地等领域的共计30个指标进行计算。结果表明,重庆市当前国土开发利用效率以主城区最高,十四区县次之,渝东北和渝东南为低效率区域,巫溪、酉阳一带为土地利用效率最低的区域。     

建筑工程碳排放估算化研究

从建筑工程定额和碳排放源角度出发,根据不同资源的生产使用过程,结合全寿命周期的理念确定了碳排放源的构成,并提出了建筑材料、施工机械设备以及机电产品(强弱电及暖通产品)的计量方法;同时,考虑到土地用途变更过程中也产生了碳排放,提出了土地用途变更过程中碳排放计算方法。结合应用实例,探讨有针对性的碳排放控制策略。     

National economic forecasting at local level: Applications of the Cambridge model in the West Midlands

The pioneering local economic strategies developed by the GLC and Metropolitan County Councils prior to their abolition in March 1986 frequently drew upon comprehensive research and analysis. The West Midlands County Council was the only local authority using forecasts derived from a national economic model as an input to research for local economic development. This article discusses the West Midlands' experience in using forecasts derived from Cambridge Econometrics' model of the UK economy for sectoral analysis, strategic land-use planning and evaluation of the regional impact of national economic policies.     

模糊综合评价在土地利用规划环境影响评价中的应用——以武汉市为例

以武汉市为例,建立了土地利用规划环境影响评价指标体系,用层次分析法确定其指标权重,采用模糊综合评判的方法对土地利用规划对环境所产生的影响进行了评价,并对评判的结果进行了分析,并对新一轮规划修编提出了建议。     

Land-use planning to help sustain tropical forest resources

Greater use of land-use planning could help sustain tropical forest resources, particularly in countries where future alternatives have not been closed off by prior land-use allocations. Although suitable planning techniques are available, they have not been used to their full potential in tropical countries because of (1) insufficient appreciation by decision- makers, (2) limited availability of data, (3) scarcity of planning expertise, (4) cost, and (5) domination of decision-making by special interest groups. The usefulness of existing techniques can be improved by (1) increasing the timeliness and focus of analysis, (2) improving the data base, (3) encouraging public participation, (4) improving communication of findings, (5) adopting an interdiciplinary approach, and (6) incorporating better monitoring and evaluation in project implementation.     

Local economic strategies and area based initiatives — another view of improvement areas

In this continuing discussion on the role of industrial improvement areas the author extends the arguments to suggest how IIAs could be a progressive planning tool linking economic, property and land-use strategies.