对西方经济学中生产理论下厂商总收益最大化问题的探讨及思考

西方经济学按照研究对象不同分为微观和宏观经济学,并且认为微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础。但是在具体的内容安排上又把其严格分为两部分,两部分基本保持独立,内容上基本没有关系。例如:在生产理论中,只研究单个厂商的总收益最大化条件(资源利用问题),而没有同时联系宏观经济学考虑资源配置问题和联系消费者行为理论考虑消费者的效用最大化问题以及联系商品价格弹性问题考虑厂商的价格决策。本文拟就此问题作以探讨。     

对西方经济学中消费者行为理论下边际效用分析方法的探讨及思考

西方经济学按照研究对象不同分为微观和宏观经济学,并且认为微观经济学是宏观经济学的基础。但是在具体的内容安排上又把其严格分为两部分,两部分基本保持独立,内容上基本没有关系。例如:在消费者行为理论中,只研究单个消费者的效用最大化条件(资源利用问题),而没有同时联系宏观经济学考虑资源配置问题和联系商品价格弹性问题考虑厂商的价格决策。本文拟就此问题作以探讨。     

企业财务目标的经济学分析

财务目标是企业财务管理的最基本的指导思想,因此财务目标是整个财务理论的基础.古典经济学将企业的目标定位于追求利润最大化,因此利润目标就自然成为了企业的财务目标.现代财务理论从几个方面批判了将利润最大化作为财务目标的观点:①没有考虑利润取得的时间,时间价值被忽略;②没有考虑风险,不同风险项目的利润不能直接进行比较;③没有考虑投入的大小.     

市场交易与生产和消费的最优选择

生产者行为理论与消费者行为理论是微观经济学的重要内容,而在微观经济学教科书中多讨论厂商生产两种产品的条件下,厂商如何安排最优的产品生产组合,以使其收益最大化.在分析消费者最优选择时,大都分析消费者在既定收入下,用其货币收入全部购买某些商品时如何实现所购买商品组合给消费者带来满足最大化,这时,消费者支出额等于既定的收入额.     

企业财务目标的经济学分析

财务目标是企业财务管理的最基本的指导思想,因此财务目标是整个财务理论的基础。古典经济学将企业的目标定位于追求利润最大化,因此利润目标就自然成为了企业的财务目标。现代财务理论从几个方面批判了将利润最大化作为财务目标的观点:①没有考虑利润取得的时间,时间价值被忽略;②没有考虑风险,不同风险项目的利润不能直接进行比     

财务目标形成机理研究——基于企业生命周期与治理层需求

正目前,关于财务目标的理论研究非常深入,历经企业利润最大化、股东财富最大化、企业价值最大化、相关利益者利益最大化(均衡)和企业价值网络资源最大化等多个阶段,总的趋势是社会性在增强。但现实世界并没有被财务目标理论完全解释,损害消费者利     

对经济学信息范式理论的若干探讨

信息范式形成的标志,是将近二十年来,一大批以最大化效用、信息不完备或不对称假设,分析经济问题的形式化模型的出现.这些模型的洞见大大展阔了经济学的视野,是微观经济学的直接深化和广化,促进了发展经济学、宏观经济学、新的新福利经济学、新厂商理论或产业组织理论等众多学科和领域的发展.本文认为,已经形成并仍在发展的信息范式的基本假设只有两条:经济人行为最大化效用动机假设和信息不完备或不对称假设.区分经济人行为的动机、决策实施过程和结果,对于理解这两条基本假设,理解理性和非理性的关系,特别关键.     

复合式企业财务管理目标体系的构建

财务管理的目标是企业理财活动所希望实现的结果,是评价企业理财活动是否合理的基本标准,确立合理的财务管理目标,在理论和实践上都有重要的意义。本文在对传统财务管理目标研究进行评价的基础上,提出复合式财务管理目标体系的构建。财务管理目标应具有效率性、可操作性和层次性特征。目前学术界认同的财务管理目标有:利润最大化、股东财富最大化、企业价值最大化以及企业经济增加值率最大化等。这些目标各有各的优点,但也存在着无法回避的缺陷,譬如,“利润最大化”虽然比较容易被大家接受,也便于和现行的财务会计报表相衔接,但没有考虑企业…     

寡占市场厂商竞争战略的一个博弈模型

追求利润最大化是大多数经济理论的一个假定,但在寡头垄断市场上,有些厂商将产品的市场份额最大化作为目标,以短期的利润损失去换取长远利益来赢得竞争优势。本文建立一个战略目标信息不完全的博弈模型,分析其对厂商产量竞争决策的影响。经典的Cournot模型是它的一个特例。     

电子信息产业的厂商定价策略行为研究——以手机产品为例

传统经济学对产品定价问题的研究,-般在假设厂商与消费者之间关于产品的信息完全对称的条件下展开分析,厂商的利润函数和消费者的效用函数是产品的数量的线性函数.     

Undecidability, Computation Universality and Minimality in Economic Dynamics*

An attempt is made, in this paper, to pose questions about economic dynamics in the broad areas of microeconomics, behavioural economics and macroeconomics from the point of view of classical recursion theory. This viewpoint makes it imperative that the fundamental economic entities in question are given an algorithmic formulation. Algorithms, in turn, are intrinsically dynamic objects which, if they are nontrivial, encapsulate nonlinear dynamics in novel ways such that it is possible to ask decidability questions and obtain effective answers about the economic entities.
It is shown, formally, that rational economic behaviour is comfortably consistent with nonmaximum, disequilibrium and unstable economic dynamics in core areas of microeconomics, behavioural economics and macroeconomics.     

Briefing Paper: What Economists can learn from Game Theory

Game theory is a branch of mathematics which analyses interdependent decision-making. It attempts to explain how decision-makers might take into account the likely response of others in formulating their own decisions. It has long been applied to microeconomics especially to the theory of the firm under oligopoly where the firm, in devising its pricing and production strategy, will take into account the likely reactions of other firms within the industry. More recently it has been appreciated that many situations in macroeconomics can be analysed in terms of game theory. For example, if one country introduces import controls, how will others react? If one country tries to control inflation by adopting a tough monetary policy, or tries to reflate, what will other countries do? How will exchange rate speculators respond to the government's announcement that it will not intervene in currency markets? Will they believe the government or will they adopt actions which will eventually force the government to intervene? How will markets respond if the government changes its macro-economic strategy? In some cases the “players” are the government and the business community, in other cases one government may be playing against another. In this Briefing Paper we introduce some ideas and results from game theory and show how they can be applied to macroeonomics as well as microeconomics.     

Indivisible commodities and an equivalence theorem on the strong core

We consider a pure exchange economy with finitely many indivisible commodities that are available only in integer quantities. We prove that in such an economy with a sufficiently large number of agents, but finitely many agents, the strong core coincides with the set of expenditure-minimizing Walrasian allocations. Because of the indivisibility, the preference maximization does not imply the expenditure minimization. An expenditure-minimizing Walrasian equilibrium is a state where, under some price vector, all agents satisfy both the preference maximization and the expenditure minimization.     

物流产业与经济发展的关系分析

现代物流产业的建立是经济发展到一定阶段的必由之路，它对进一步提升国家经济增长意义重大。本文即是从这一视角出发，分析了物流产业与经济发展的关系，指出了发展现代物流产业的宏观和微观经济意义。     

Games Economists Play: A Survey of Non‐Computerized Classroom‐Games for College Economics

The bulk of this unusual paper consists of an extensive online annotated compilation of 113 non‐computerized classroom‐games, most of which can be played within one class period, to assist in the teaching of college‐level basic micro and macroeconomic concepts (see http://www.aug.edu/~sbajmb or http://www.marietta.edu/~delemeeg ).
The paper itself consists of three major sections. The first catalogues, summarizes, and provides sample annotations of the games we collected. Section two makes a number of observations about the games. For instance, we notice an imbalance between games for microeconomics (many) and games for macroeconomics (few). We also detail which standard introductory economics topics are covered well and which are not covered well or missing altogether. For example, we observe that few games exist to present the proper economic role of government in economic affairs. The third section surveys the available literature on the costs and benefits of playing games in the classroom. In particular, our survey reveals that existing studies consider costs and benefits to students and instructors only partially, and we lay out a matrix that should help in the design of improved studies on the efficacy of gaming in the classroom.     

图书出版业的纵向约束分析

纵向约束是现代产业组织理论的前沿研究课题之一,具有广泛的实际应用前景。本文以图书出版行业为研究对象,首先运用微观经济学的基本原理确定处于产业链中间的出版商的最优产量、批发及零售价格决策;接着运用纵向约束理论设计作者对出版商以及出版商对书局的纵向约束方式。     

The Question of Value in Social Marketing

A bstract . Economic theory fails to recognize value in social marketing, it is argued, because these beliefs are widely held: (1) social marketers do not consider consumer needs , (2) they are motivated by social welfare , (3) the price mechanism does not fully operate in the social sphere, (4) there is usually insufficient competition , and (5) social marketing is less effective in market control. Based on quality-of-life (QOL) theory , several normative principles are derived to guide the efforts of social marketers. One, QOL-means have to be determined by relating them to QOL-ends (long term satisfaction). Two, discrepancies between QOI, means potentialities and actualities have to be minimized. And third, social marketing programs designed to minimize those discrepancies have to be developed in such a way as to reduce negative environmental impacts.     

知识产权管理的经济学探析

知识产权是经济社会发展的产物,各类微观经济体对知识产权的科学运用和管理有利于维护和提升自身的核心竞争力。作为宏观经济的调控者,现代国家对知识产权的保护、干预及管理一方面可以推动全社会技术创新、促进无形资产的总量增长,另一方面可以促进和维护社会公共利益及公平正义。论文从微观经济和宏观经济两个维度对知识产权管理进行了有益的探析,以期为相关经济管理活动提供可借鉴的视角。