韦伯“价值无涉”理论浅析

德国学者马克斯·韦伯提出了社会科学方法论,而“价值无涉”理论则是其中非常重要的一个概念.该理论的提出是为了抵制对自然科学的盲目推崇,反对将学术研究与价值判断相混淆,保持科学研究的客观性、严肃性.我们对“价值无涉”理论的正确认识和理解对于现如今的中国来说也具有相当重要的意义.     

学术“价值”和政治“伦理”

“一事物虽然不美,但却可以是神圣的,还不仅如此,而且神圣就神圣在不美上……一事物虽然不善,但可以是美的,还不仅如此,而且美就美在不善上……一事物虽然不美、不神圣、不善,却可以是真的,还不仅如此,真就真在不美、不神圣、不善上。”     

社会变迁语境中公共领域的重新概念化——“公共领域”概念研究综述

公共领域概念雏形最先产生于古希腊城邦社会背景之下,经由哈贝马斯在《公共领域的结构转型》一书中将其系统化。在1989年该书被首先翻译为英译版后,公共领域的概念越来越引起学界的关注。随后,随着社会语境的变迁,不同学者从各个方面对公共领域进行解读,哈贝马斯本人也针对不同学者对他的挑战与质疑,不断完善公共领域概念。近年来对公共领域的探讨往往是侧重其在互联网语境中的作用,但是理论的厘定是有其内涵和外延的。本文通过社会语境变迁对公共领域概念产生的影响,从历史源流的角度对公共领域概念的内涵与外延进行梳理,意在将公共领域概念与社会语境的相互关系做一梳理与说明,以便更好地解读此概念。     

英国公共领域:从“皇家”到“私家”

<正> 有人说,现在踏上英伦的感觉与一百年前踏上英伦的感觉差不多,至少不会迷路:白金汉宫依然在每天上午11点半钟进行禁卫军的换岗仪式,依然是屋顶挂出王室族旗表示女王在宫内,而挂起英国国旗表示女王外出。泰晤士河大铁桥旁的“大笨钟”钟楼依然准点报时,河中代表了近代科学之最高水准的军舰依然昭示着昔日的辉煌。只是,随着“日不落帝国”在本世纪的逐渐解体,随着“世界工厂”在全球影响的易位,过着优裕生活的人们明     

第四届“中国公共预算研究”全国学术研讨会综述

由南京审计学院公共管理与绩效评估研究院、中山大学中国公共管理研究中心、中山大学政治与公共事务管理学院、北京大学政治发展与政府管理研究所共同主办,南京审计学院公共管理与绩效评估研究院承办的第四届"中国公共预算研究"全国学术研讨会,于2012年4月7-8日在南京举行。国     

马克思主义公共产品理论及其建构性价值——基于中国特色公共产品理论创新与发展的视角

马克思在论述阶级斗争和无产阶级国家建立过程中,在不同场合对含有公共产品蕴意的满足社会公共需要的那部分社会总产品在范围、供给(资金)来源、供给方式、供给目的和政府供给责任等方面都作了论述。马克思主义公共产品理论与现代西方公共产品理论在立论基础、理论假设、研究方法以及公共产品内涵特征等方面都存在重大的理论分野。马克思主义公共产品理论采用辩证唯物主义和历史唯物主义的分析方法,坚持社会主义集体利益与个人利益关系统一观,坚持公共产品供给的国家职能和政府责任主导性,坚持公共产品的公益性本质和满足人的自由、全面发展之目的。马克思主义公共产品理论对中国特色公共产品理论具有指导性的建构价值。     

基于公共价值的区域知识产权高质量发展评价方法与实证研究

基于公共价值理论,结合质量概念分析,定义知识产权高质量发展,并对其内涵与作用机制进行阐述。从创造、运用、保护、环境4个维度构建知识产权高质量发展评价指标体系,采用LASSO回归、Auto encoding、随机森林模型等方法,以实现的公共价值贡献度为依据进行指标遴选与权重确定,采用离差系数协调度模型计算一级指标协调度并进行知识产权高质量发展指数合成,对我国内地31个省区进行知识产权高质量发展评价。研究结果表明,我国区域知识产权发展质量整体不高,发展质量与发展协调度并重的知识产权发展模式尚未形成;知识产权高质量发展指标权重分布具有长尾效应,研发投入强度、专利奖获奖指数、每万人口知识产权服务机构拥有量是对公共价值贡献度最大的3个指标。     

关于评选《科技进步与对策》最具学术价值论文的通知

学术期刊既是作者发布和确认思想成果的平台,也是读者获取学科各方面最新研究进展的最重要途径,因此其根本任务就是为读者与作者服务。对作者所发布思想成果的学术价值进行恰当评价．既是对其劳动成果的一种尊重,也可让读者更便捷、更准确地获取最具学术价值论文信息的导引。为了客观、     

课程分野、定位与案例的选择——公共管理“视角”下管理经济学教学的探讨

管理经济学是对公共管理学科具有基本方法论意义的基础课程。但是,目前这门课程的教材偏重于企业管理,与公共部门的管理需要尚有一段距离。通过对这门课程与微观经济学的分野、在公共管理学科中的定位以及案例选择这三个基础性教学问题的探讨,力图明晰这门课程在公共管理学科中的性质、定位以及案例选择标准,期望有助于优化教学策略,提升教学效果。     

Outcomes of voting and planning: Condorcet,Weber and Rawls locations

The paper is concerned with the comparison of the locations of a facility resulting from voting and planning procedures. It is shown that a voting location exists and coincides with that minimizing the total distance covered by the users to go to the facility when the transportation network contains no cycles. For a general network, least upper bounds on the ratio of the social values of the voting and planning locations are given in the cases where the total or the maximal travelled distance is minimized.     

The legacy of Max Weber and the early Austrians

The Review of Austrian Economics - This paper explores Max Weber’s intellectual relationship to the first generations of the Austrian School. Challenging his portrayal as a one-sided...     

Weber, Schumpeter and Knight on entrepreneurship and economic development

This paper interprets the discussion on entrepreneurship and economic development that started off with Weber's papers on the Protestant Ethic. Weber sought the reason for the relatively rapid growth of the Occident in the rational, Calvinist attitude to life. Calvinism – in his view – exactly suited a society of free labourers, who were not tied to master and soil by extra-economic considerations as in tribal and feudal societies. Schumpeter gave an alternative explanation, emphasizing the importance of innovation and entrepreneurship. Knight, who stressed neither rationality nor innovation but uncertainty and perceptiveness as the sole source of progress and profits, followed up German language writing on this subject. Only the investor who can detect hitherto hidden qualities in people can gain. The paper demonstrates how these three authors influenced each other. The debate between these three authors has raised many issues of governance and organization that feature contemporary thinking.     

Religion in macroeconomics: a quantitative analysis of Weber’s thesis

Max Weber in 1905 claimed that Protestantism, and more specifically Calvinism, facilitated the rise of capitalism. This paper assesses the quantitative plausibility of his hypothesis by introducing religious beliefs into a dynamic general equilibrium model of development and growth. Through counterfactual exercises, the paper investigates whether differences between Catholics and Protestants most closely identified with the Protestant Work Ethic can account for long delays in the start of Industrialization observed between various countries and regions. The main finding is that these differences may possibly explain why Northern Europe developed before Southern Europe, but they cannot explain why Europe developed before Latin America.

Many of the tenets of Calvinism have had profound social implications–in particular, that thrift, industry, and hard work are forms of moral virtue and that business success is an evidence of God’s grace. Because these views helped to create a climate favorable to commerce, Calvinism played a role in the overthrow of feudalism and the establishment of capitalism. Microsoft Encarta

We thank Doug Gollin, Larry Neal, Richard Layton, as well as seminar participants at University of Wisconsin Madison and Vanderbilt University for their comments.     

From Mill to Weber: the meaning of the concept of economic rationality

Weber recognized explicitly that his concept of ideal-type is directly borrowed from economic theory and as it is commonly admitted from the German-speaking ‘marginalist school’. Nevertheless, the construction of ideal-types reminds greatly the definition of economic rationality made by John Stuart Mill, who also built up a concept to explain, in individualistic terms, the real world in a given historical and geographical context. The position defended here is that Weber generalizes Mill's methodological proposition of concept formation regarding economic rationality to accomplish his much larger project of determining the social factors responsible for the rationalization of the Western civilization.     

Latent Theoretical Convergence upon a Pluralist Conception of Economic Action: Adam Smith and Max Weber

This paper engages in exploring certain latent theoretical convergences between the works of Adam Smith and Max Weber. The fact that these two have been major protagonists in the establishment and development of political economy and sociology respectively gives a rationale to such an endeavor. Another rationale is provided by the paucity of attempts at exploring the theoretical relations between Smith and Weber in the current economic and sociological literature. Helping fill in this gap in the literature is the paper's intended contribution. That Weber's writings contain pertinent convergences with Smith's work is the general premise of this article. In particular, the treatment of economic action epitomizes these congruencies between Smith's political economy and Weber's economic sociology.     

Freedom of Choice in the Production Sphere: The Capitalist and the Self-managed Firm

A formula for measuring freedom of choice in the production sphere is proposed. Then a capitalist firm and a worker self-managed firm are compared in terms of freedom distribution. It is shown that the workers have little freedom, if any at all, in a capitalist firm, whilst the capitalist enjoys a great deal of freedom. In a self-managed firm, on the other hand, the amount of freedom enjoyed by the workers is positive and often even greater than that of the capitalist. The analysis is further developed by the introduction of asymmetric information. It is argued that, based on plausible hypotheses of monitoring costs, the difference between the amount of freedom enjoyed by self-managed workers and that enjoyed by the capitalist increases.     

学术规范化与学术环境的建构——对《高等学校哲学社会科学研究学术规范（试行）》之合法性的质疑

呼吁国家机关发布这类《规范》的诉求本身是大有疑问的,因为学术规范乃是由知识分子构成的学术共同体在其知识实践的过程之中就如何进行知识生产及再生产和如何进行知识传播及交流等具体的学术活动所达成的一系列共识。