中国新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线研究

本文提出了包含需求拉动、成本推动、通胀预期和通胀惯性四种因素的新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线模型,该模型推广了Gordon(1996)的三角模型和Gaíland Gertler(1999)的混合模型等经典菲利普斯曲线模型,具有理论上的完整性。本文使用中国数据对所提出的模型进行了检验,其中采用了基于微观调查数据的通胀预期。经验研究结果表明,新凯恩斯菲利普斯曲线模型的最小二乘估计比GMM估计更具有稳健性。在通胀的四个决定因素中,通胀预期对当前通胀的影响最显著,通胀惯性次之,需求拉动排第三,而成本推动的影响不显著。     

关于菲利普斯曲线研究的评述

菲利普斯曲线自提出以来,就受到了凯恩斯主义经济学家的高度重视,同时也受到了反凯恩斯主义学派的反对,围绕菲利普斯曲线,凯恩斯学派和反凯恩斯学派的争论从没有停止。以弗里德曼为首的货币主义学派认为短期菲利普斯曲线有效而长期无效,理性预期学派从根本上否认了菲利普斯曲线的存在。该文系统梳理了围绕菲利普斯曲线的争论,评价了各种学派的观点,认为菲利普斯曲线只是说明通货膨胀和失业的相关性,并不意味着二者是因果关系,通货膨胀和失业的原因是不一致的。     

全球化与菲利普斯曲线关系研究述评

过去十多年来,全球呈现低通胀的长期趋势,而描述通胀和产出短期折衷关系的菲利普斯曲线在主要工业国家也变得显著的平坦了。众多学者将此种现象的出现主要归功于全球化进程的推进与加速。这其中,国际贸易和国际分工模式的深化、国际金融市场的一体化、劳动力的国际迁徙是几种最重要的全球化机制。全球化时代的一国通胀因此不再仅仅取决于国内产出缺口,全球产出缺口的影响力是越来越重要。最小化社会福利损失的最优货币政策因此对通货膨胀问题将给予更多关注,低通胀现象就此成为一种趋势。     

菲利普斯曲线与我国宏观经济

我国宏观经济经历了相当困难的2010年,2011年中我国的宏观经济形势愈发复杂。国际经济形势、刺激政策推出、出口回暖、通胀预期、汇率与利率、资产泡沫、高房价、就业形势、社会保障,城市化进程等等,诸多触动中国经济敏感神经的因素和问题集合在一起,使中国宏观经济面临空前的挑战。     

菜单成本和菲利普斯曲线

这篇文章提出了一个货币经济模型,在该模型中,个别厂商受制于特别生产率冲击和全面通货膨胀的影响。卖方在承担实际"菜单成本"的情况下才可能改变价格,利用Klenow     

关于菲利普斯曲线的简单中国实证研究

菲利普斯曲线是衡量失业率与通货膨胀率之间关系的一条曲线,本文简略概述了菲利普斯曲线的提出和发展历程,并且运用最新的中国数据对简单的菲利普斯曲线进行了实证研究,并对结果进行了一定的分析.     

基于中国国情对菲利普斯曲线的实证研究

中国的宏观经济是否可以运用西方菲利普斯曲线进行研究,国内学者观点不一.本文采用中国1979年到2014年之间的失业率和通货膨胀率数据来拟合原始、附加预期的、附加预期以及自然失业率的菲利普斯曲线,对我国的宏观经济数据进行实证分析与研究,验证西方菲利普斯曲线在中国是否适用.     

重新认识菲利普斯曲线的真正价值

菲利普斯曲线的真正价值不在于失业率与通胀率之间的置换关系而在于对经济运行态势的勾勒。短期菲利普斯曲线可分为六种类型，长期菲利普斯曲线则极不规则，就实现宏观调控而言，研究短期菲利普斯曲线更有意义。     

附加预期的菲利普斯曲线评析

菲尔普斯在承认传统的菲利普斯曲线短期存在的情况下在价格和工资粘性假设、自然失业率假说和适应性预期或理性预期假设的基础上对附加预期菲利普斯曲线做了更深入的研究．提出长期菲利普斯曲线存在的形式，这一成果弥补了传统菲利普斯曲线时间上的限制，改变了人们长期以来对通货膨胀和失业之间关系的传统认识，加深了人们对经济政策对经济的长期影响与短期影响关系的理解。     

New Keynesian Phillips Curve and inflation dynamics in Australia

The New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) was developed as a response to the New Classical critique that Keynesian macroeconomics lacked micro-foundations. The NKPC provides theoretical micro-foundations that attempt to explain, inter alia, nominal rigidities and, explicitly price stickiness. This paper investigates the validity of the NKPC for Australia. In contrast to the findings for the USA and Euro area, we find that neither the output gap nor marginal cost appears to be a key driving force variable across different set of instruments and estimators (GMM and 2SLS) over the sample period from 1959 to 2009. The flattening of the NKPC along with significant presence of price stickiness is also found in the data. In particular, the reduced form coefficients and implied estimates from the structural parameters of the model support the view that inflation dynamics are forward looking while the role of lagged inflation is also statistically important only after 1980s. However, we claim that the forward looking baseline NKPC contrary to the hybrid NKPC is stable and better explains inflation dynamics for the Australian economy.     

新凯恩斯菲利浦斯曲线研究述评

本文对基于微观公司定价机制而发展起来的新凯恩斯菲利浦斯曲线理论的最新研究动态做了系统性的归纳与综述,总结了该理论模型在现代货币政策传导机制中的重要理论价值。同时。文章分析了西方主要国家以及中国近年来通货膨胀率的最新动态走势特征,指出现有理论在解释现实通胀率走势过程中存在的缺憾,提出了完善现有理论模型的建议．期望使基于微观基础的宏观通胀率动态理论机制更好地解释实际中的经济运行规律。     

A simple test of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

We propose a way to test the New Keynesian Phillips Curve without having to estimate its structural parameters. We find that it does not exist as a combination of the structural parameters consistent with the US data. This might be due to the failure of the joint hypothesis of rational expectations.     

Output,Inflation and the New Keynesian Phillips Curve

Explicit modelling of factor markets clarifies two fundamental aspects of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC). First, we clarify the relationship between output and marginal cost. Second, for the NKPC in inflation–output space, we identify the key stochastic influences on inflation without recourse to ad hoc cost or excess demand shocks. The econometric implementation of this clarified NKPC, which evolves strictly according news on the stream of future marginal costs, allows us jointly to derive inflation as a forecast of future variables. Our approach clarifies the empirical successes and failures of the NKPC and allows us to provide new aggregate evidence on the degree of price rigidity in the UK economy.     

The asymmetry of the New Keynesian Phillips Curve in the euro-area

Using a two-stage quantile regression framework, we uncover significant asymmetries across quantiles for all coefficients in an otherwise standard New Keynesian Phillips Curve (NKPC) for the euro area. A pure NKPC specification accurately captures inflation dynamics at high inflation quantiles.     

The Austrian Phillips Curve reconsidered

Zusammenfassung Den Ausgangspunkt für diese Arbeit bildet die manchmal behauptete Stabilität der österreichischen Phillipskurve. In dieser Arbeit wird nun zu zeigen versucht, daß diese Stabilität auf den Umstand zurückzuführen ist, daß bei den bisherigen Untersuchungen stets implizit angenommen wurde, die gleichgewichtige (natürliche) Arbeitslosenrate habe sich im Zeitablauf nicht verändert.Wird diese Annahme fallengelassen und ein trendmäßiges Sinken der gleichgewichtigen Arbeislosenrate zugelassen, so weist dann eine auf dieser Grundlage geschätzte Phillipskurve einen signifikanten Strukturbruch zwischen sechziger und siebziger Jahren auf; die Phillipskurve hat sich nun nach oben verschoben.Im zweiten Teil dieser Arbeit wird untersucht, ob die beobachteten Inflationszyklen mit der entsprechenden Standardtheorie vonGrossman (1974) nachvollziehbar sind. Dies kann mit Einschränkungen bejaht werden.

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I am grateful to H. Otruba, H. Duda, H. Klausinger, M. Winkler, R. Neck and A. Wörgötter for many valuable comments. I remain responsible for any error.     

Cost-based Phillips Curve forecasts of inflation

It is a well-established idea that prices are a function of marginal cost, yet estimating a reliable measure of marginal cost is difficult to do. Stock and Watson (1999) use the Phillips Curve to forecast inflation for a variety of existing activity variables that researchers commonly use to proxy for marginal cost. This paper uses a similar type of approach to examine the performance of a new candidate for the activity variable, which is marginal cost measured following the theoretical methodology of Bils (1987), which we find to be simple yet powerful when implemented empirically. We then use the Phillips Curve to conduct pseudo out-of-sample inflation forecasts for the US using: output, unemployment, hours, the labor share, the capacity utilization rate, and the new measure of marginal cost. For almost all cases, forecast errors are lowest in the regressions with the new marginal cost variable, indicating that this new measure is an improvement over previous attempts to proxy for marginal cost.     

Inflation forecasting using the New Keynesian Phillips Curve with a time-varying trend

Does theory aid inflation forecasting? To address this question, we develop a novel forecasting procedure based upon a New Keynesian Phillips Curve that incorporates time-varying trend inflation, to capture shifts in central bank preferences and monetary policy frameworks. We generate theory-implied predictions for both the trend and cyclical components of inflation, and recombine them to obtain an overall inflation forecast. Using quarterly data for the Euro Area and the United States that cover almost half a century, we compare our inflation forecasting procedure against the most popular time series models. We find that our theory-based forecasts outperform these benchmarks that previous studies found difficult to beat. Our results are shown to be robust to structural breaks, geographic areas, and variants of the econometric specification. Our findings suggest that the scepticism concerning the use of theory in forecasting is unwarranted, and theory should continue to play an important role in policymaking.